Harshen Ebrié
| Ebrié | |
|---|---|
| Yanki | Abidjan |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog |
ebri1238[1] |
Ebrié, ko Cama (Caman, Kyama, TChaman, Tsama, Tyama), mutanen Tchaman ne ke magana da shi a Ivory Coast da Ghana. Harshen Potou ne na reshen Kwa na dangin yarukan Nijar-Congo.
Fasahar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Inventory na sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Labari | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labarin-velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fortis, ba tare da murya ba | ph [ph] | th [th] | ch [ch, tʃ] | kh [kh] | |
| Fortis, da aka bayyanamurya | b | d | ɟ [ɟ, dʒ] | g | gb [g͡b] |
| Lenis, ba tare da murya ba | p | t | c | k | kp [k͡p] |
| Lenis, ya bayyana | ɓ [ɓ, m] | ɗ [ɗ, l, r, n] | j [j, ɲ] | w [w, ŋw] | |
| Rashin jituwa | f/ (v) | s/ (z) | h [x, h] |
[v] da [z] suna da iyaka kuma suna faruwa ne kawai a cikin kalmomin aro.
| Magana | Hanci | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i | u | ||||
| Tsakanin | da kuma | o | ɛ̃ | O.A. | ||
| Bude | ɛ | a | Owu | ã | ||
Babu alamun consonant na hanci a Ebrié. haka, wasulan hanci suna haifar da jerin sassan lenis [ɓ, ɗ, j, w] don shiga cikin [m, n, ɲ, ŋw].
Sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ebrié yana da sautunan matakin biyu (H da L) da sautin da ke fadowa (HL). [2] ila yau, yana da sautunan da ke iyo, kuma sautunan fortis da aka furta suna da halin rage sautin sautin.
Yanayin Yanayi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gabatarwa na farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Abubuwan da ke cikin suna a cikin Ebrié suna rarrabe tsakanin wasu homophones da kuma tsakanin nau'ikan guda da jam'i. farko, wannan tsarin zai kasance mafi ƙarfi, kamar yadda aka gani a wasu yarukan Nijar-Congo.
Abubuwan da aka ambata guda huɗu sune á-, à-, ɛ , da ɛ Kennedy-. Biyu na ƙarshe, waɗanda sautin hanci ne, Sanya iya gane su a matsayin sautin hansi, wanda aka fassara a matsayin ː́- da ː́́- amma an rubuta su a matsayin <n> . </n>
| Gabatarwa | Sunan suna | Haske |
|---|---|---|
| A- | Abhokhà̃ | hazo |
| zuwa- | A cikin lokaci | tururuwa na ruwa |
| Ta yi amfani da ita wajen | Sanyi | kasusuwa |
| Hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da su | Wannan shi ne | uba |
Sunan na biyu a cikin fili yana riƙe da prefix dinsa, kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
- cámã́ 'Ebriés' + ńcã̀ 'harshe' → cámã́ǹcã̀' 'harshe na Ebrié'
- Bayyanawa da 'wuta' + ńthù 'sand' → ńtɛǹthù 'ash'
Sunayen da yawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ana iya sanya sunaye a jam'i ta hanyar amfani da prefixes na suna ko suffixes na jam'i. Wasu sunaye daidai ba ne ko kuma ba su canzawa ba.
Lokacin da sunan mutum ɗaya ya fara da prefix á- ko à-, nau'in jam'iyyarsa zai sami prefix ń- ko NB- bi da bi. Idan sunan mutum ɗaya ba shi da prefix, sau da yawa zai sami prefix ń- a cikin jam'i. Sauran sunaye suna ɗaukar ɗaya daga c ƙididdigar jam'i -má̃, -hɔ́̃, ko -má̃hɔ̀̃ .
- áyá /ájá/ 'itace' → ńyá /ńjá/ 'tace'
- gban /àg͡bã́/ 'farantin' → ngbán /ǹg͡bã́ / 'farantin
- lalabhô [làɓô] 'duck' → ńlalabho [ńlàɓô) 'ducks'
- Uwargidan Uwargwadon
- nmyah [ɔnǹmjã̂hɔ Kennedy] 'maza'
Sunayen batutuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin Ebrié, ana samun alamun lokaci / fasalin / yanayi a kan aikatau ko a matsayin nau'o'i daban-daban idan batun shine sunan ko wakilci na jam'i. Wakilan batutuwa gu[2] ɗaya sun haɗu da alamun TAM, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje na morphophonemic.
Misaliː
Harshen (1SG) + ɓâ (FUT) → mã̀ã́ (1SG.FUT) [2]
| Mai banbanci | Yawancin mutane | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Harkokin waje | L'A |
| 2 | ɛ́ | Ya yi amfani da shi |
| 3 | Ana samun sa | Wato |
Rubuce-rubuce[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ebrié yare ne na SVO, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin misali mai zuwa.
Ya ce ya fito ne daga Kpakon
Yayo yana cinyewa.Gurasar PROG
'Yayo yana cin burodi. '[2]
Rubutun kalmomi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Alamar | IPA | Misali | Rubuce-rubuce | Haske |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | /a/ | Ya kasance | /já/ | itace |
| shekara | /ã/ | afan | /aphan/ | ƙanshi |
| b | /b/ | Bayan aiki | /bɔ́/ | gashin tsuntsaye |
| bh | /ɓ/ | Abwe | /áɓwè/ | Canari |
| c | /c/ | Harkokin Kasuwanci | Yaren mutanen da suka fito | tsuntsaye |
| ch | /ch/ | Chralá | [chràlá] | pangolin |
| d | /d/ | daga | /dù/ | maciji |
| da kuma | /e/ | nai | [Nuna] | yam |
| ɛ | /ɛ/ | A ranar da aka yi amfani da ita | /adɛ́/ | itacen dabino |
| Bayyanawa | /ɛ̃/ | Atɛn | /yawun da aka yi amfani da shi | wuta |
| f | /f/ | afhon | [Abubuwan da suka shafi] | reshe |
| g | /g/ | gwe | /Yana/ | teku |
| gb | /g͡b/ | Haraji | /àg͡bù/ | bindiga |
| h | /h/ | Hanyar Hanyar Harshe | /yaƙin neman zaɓe | axis |
| i | /i/ | ḿbi | [ḿbì] | ganye |
| j | /ɟ/ | JON | [ǹɟɔ] | abokai |
| k | /k/ | akran | [akrã̀] | kwalban |
| kh | /kh/ | Akhon | Yaren mutanen da suka yi | mashi |
| kp | /k͡p/ | Kayan aiki | [ák͡pró] | hat |
| l | [l, ɗ] | Ainya | [Wani ne] | harshe |
| m | [m] | Cun'ad da ya fi sani | [Mutumin da ya dace] | Na |
| n | [n] | Nisha | [Nuna da ke cikin] | kwari |
| o | /o/ | Akhoho | /ákhòkhò/ | baya |
| Owu | /ɔ/ | Bayani | /awɔ́/ | cat |
| Ciwon zuciya | /ɔ̃/ | Akwatin | /Abin da ya yi amfani da shi | kifi |
| p | /p/ | A cikin ƙasa | [Ayyuka] | soyayya |
| ph | /ph/ | lephan | [Lefã̀] | wani |
| r | [r] | ahran | [Ahrã̀] | jirgin ruwa |
| s | /s/ | Yana da | /sɛ́/ | Mutumin |
| t | /t/ | Atta | /atà/ | Zagi |
| th | /th/ | Atha | [Haka] | yaƙi |
| u | /u/ | ńdu | [Sashe da] | ruwa |
| v | (v) | Nvra | [ǹvrà] | appatam |
| w | /w/ | Awɔ́ | /áwɔ́/ | goma |
| da kuma | /j/ | Rufewa | Bayani da suka yi | mai kyau |
| z | /z/ | Ya zama mai suna | [ǹzrɔ] | jaka |
Babban sautin yana da alama tare da babbar murya (ájí 'girmamawa'), kuma ƙananan sautin ba a san shi ba (aji 'layya'). Sautin da ke fadowa yana da alama tare da circumflex (â).
Ana amfani apostrophe (') don nuna alamar al'ada ta aikatau.