Harshen Kasena
| Harshen Kasena | |
|---|---|
| Baƙaƙen boko | |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
xsm |
| Glottolog |
kase1253[1] |
Kasena ko Kassena ( Kasem ko Kassem ) harshe ne na ƙabilar Kassena kuma harshe ne Gur da ake magana da shi a yankin Gabas ta Gabas na arewacin Ghana da Burkina Faso .
Rubutu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Haruffa 30 mai zaman kanta da ake kira Goulsse haruffa (daga gʋlse, "rubutu" a cikin Mooré ) ta Burkinabé app Wenitte Apiou, Babaguioue Micareme Akouabou da kuma masanin harshe na Kassem Fernand Ki ne suka kirkira a lokacin rani na 2021 bisa tsarin gine-ginen geometric da aka samu a Kassena.[2] Hakanan ana shirin amfani da haruffan don yaren Mooré mai alaƙa kuma.
Fassarar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sautin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Akwai nau'ikan sunaye guda biyar waɗanda ake iya gane su a cikin Kasena. Waɗannan azuzuwan sun yi daidai da jinsin nahawu kuma an bambanta su ta fuskar adadi, ta yadda za a sami azuzuwan guda biyar na sunaye ɗaya da aji biyar na sunaye na jam’i.[3]
Nahawu
Wu
Akwai nau'ikan sunaye guda biyar waɗanda ake iya gane su a cikin Kasena. Waɗannan azuzuwan sun yi daidai da jinsin nahawu kuma an bambanta su ta fuskar adadi, ta yadda za a sami azuzuwan guda biyar na sunaye ɗaya da aji biyar na sunaye na jam’i.
A
Nahawu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sunan Class System[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Jinsi | SG | PL | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bu | biə | yara / yara |
| 2 | bɪnɪ | bɪna | shekara(s) |
| 3 | naga | ba | kafa/kafa |
| 4 | piu | pweeru | montain(s) |
| 5 | bʊŋʊ | ba m | akuya (s) |
Karin magana[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sunan Sunan Kai/Masu Suna[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Akwai nau'ikan karin magana guda biyu na sirri. Wani aji yana nufin mutane, yayin da ɗayan ajin yana nufin abubuwan da ba na ɗan adam ba. Hakanan ana amfani da karin magana na sirri a matsayin karin magana, don haka babu wani nau'i na musamman na karin magana a cikin Kasena.[3]
Sunan mutum na sirri
| Mutum | SG | PL | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | A | Dí | I/mu |
| Na biyu | N | A | Kai/kai |
| 3rd | O | Ba | Shi/ta/Su |
Karin magana na mutum ba na mutum ba
| Class | SG | PL |
|---|---|---|
| I | O | Ba |
| II | Dɪ | Ya |
| III | Ka | Sɪ |
| IV | Ku | Tɪ |
| V | Ku | Dɪ |
Ƙaddara Karin Magana[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Mutum | SG | PL | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | amʊ | dcbam | Ni/mu |
| Na biyu | nm | abam | Kai/kai |
| 3rd | wʊm/ wʊntu | bam/bant | Shi/ta/su |
Maganganun Magana[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ana bayyana ma'anar juna ta hanyar karin magana daanɪ, wanda wani lokaci yakan faru azaman prefix ko kari .
Maganganun Magana[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Reflexivity yana bayyana ta hanyar karin magana na sirri wanda ko dai tɪtɪ ko katɪ ('-self') aka ƙara masa.
Dangantakar Karin Magana[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An samar da ƙarin suna na dangi bisa tushen karin magana na sirri ga abubuwan da ba na ɗan adam ba waɗanda aka haɗa suffix -lʊ .
| Class | SG | PL |
|---|---|---|
| I | wʊl | bal' |
| II | d ƙara | yal |
| III | kal | saƙa |
| IV | ku l | ɗaɗɗa |
| V | ku l | d ƙara |
| Class | Lamba | Tabbas | Wasu | Kowa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | SG | wʊdoŋ | --- | wʊlʊ wʊl |
| I | PL | badonnə | badara | bala'i |
| II | SG | dɪ yi | --- | dɗaɗɗi |
| II | PL | yadonnə | yada | yal ʊ yal |
| III | SG | kado | --- | kal ʊ kal |
| III | PL | sɪdonnə | sɪdaara | sɪlʊ sɪl |
| IV | SG | kowa | --- | k'l' k'l |
| IV | PL | donnə | daɗa | tɗaɗɗa |
| V | SG | kowa | --- | k'l' k'l |
| V | PL | dɪdonnə | dɪdaara | dɗaɗɗi |
| Class | SG | Gloss | PL | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | wuntu | wannan / wancan | bantu | wadannan/wadannan |
| II | dɪntu | wannan / wancan | yantu | wadannan/wadannan |
| III | kantu | wannan / wancan | zuntu | wadannan/wadannan |
| IV | kuntu | wannan / wancan | tanta | wadannan/wadannan |
| V | kuntu | wannan / wancan | dɪntu | wadannan/wadannan |
| Class | SG wane, me, wane | PL wane, menene, wane | Nawa |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | wɔɔ | rigar mama | bagra |
| II | dɔɔ | yayi | yagra |
| III | kɔɔ | suke | tsiri |
| IV | kɔɔ | tɔɔ | ƙasa |
| V | kɔɔ | dɔɔ | dgra |
Daidaitawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tsarin Kalma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Harshen Kasena yana da ainihin tsarin kalmomin SVO.[4]
Nassoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Kasena". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Brookes, Tim (August 23, 2022). "The Vanderbilt-Burkina Faso Connection". Endangered Alphabets. Retrieved January 30, 2023.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Niggli, Urs; Niggli, Idda (2008). Grammaire élémentaire du kasim. Burkina Faso: Société Internationale de Linguistique.
- ↑ "The VP-periphery in Mabia languages | Kasem". The VP-periphery in Mabia languages (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-02-17.