Harshen Moro

Harshen Moro
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Nijar-Congo; Harsunan Atlantic-Congo; Harsuna Talodi-Heiban; Harshen Moro; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	mor
Glottolog	moro1285

Moro harshen Kordofanian ne da ake magana da shi a tsaunukan Nuba na Kudancin Kordofan, Sudan . Yana daga cikin rukunin Yamma na Yamma ta Tsakiya na Yaren Heiban Kordofonia kuma yana cikin phylum na Nijar-Congo. ^[2] A cikin 1982 an ƙiyasta 30,000 masu magana da Moro. Wannan ya kasance kafin yakin basasar Sudan na biyu don haka adadin masu magana na baya-bayan nan zai iya bambanta. Ana iya lura da tasirin Larabci kuma ana zargin cewa a yau kusan kashi huɗu na dukkan ƙamus na Moro suna da alaƙa ko asali a cikin harshen Larabci. ^[3]

Fassarar sauti

Akwai harsuna daban-daban a cikin harshen Moro. Yawanci wasulan “e”, “a” da “o” suna da ƙananan sautin, yayin da wasulan “i”, “u” da “ʌ” suke da sautin girma. Wasalin “ə” wasalin Schwa ne don haka tsaka tsaki.

Mutum na iya samun jituwar wasali, ɓata lokacin dakatarwar haƙori, juriya ga gogewa a cikin ƙudirin ƙudirin wasali da shigar da juzu'in sautin sautin da za'a iya maye gurbinsa a cikin harshe. Duk da haka yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa na ƙarshe biyu sun keɓanta ga abin da ya haifar a cikin Moro (9;2,11). ^[4]

Kayayyakin Kaya

Moro yana da lissafin wasali guda bakwai, ^[5] ^[6] da aka tsara a cikin jadawalin da ke ƙasa. [ə] na iya zama maɗaukaki ko rage siga na wasulan na gefe /ieou/; Har ila yau yana bayyana a cikin tushen ba tare da wata ma'anar raguwa ba. ^[6] An ɗauki halin schwa [ə] a cikin jituwar wasali na Moro a matsayin dalilin sanya wasulan [ə] guda biyu a cikin Moro - mafi girma wanda ke ɗaga wasulan, da kuma ƙarami wanda ba ya. ^[7]

**Kayan wasali**
	Gaba	Tsakiya		Baya
Babban	i			ku
Tsakar	e	ə	ʌ	o
Ƙananan		a

Ƙari ga haka, ana ba da shaida diphthongs masu haske kamar [iə], [eə], [oa], da [uʌ]. ^[6] Hasken diphthongs yana ƙidaya azaman naúrar mai ɗaukar sauti ɗaya. Tsawon wasali ba ya bambanta, amma ana yawan ganin tsayi a cikin madaidaicin maɗaukaki ko tushen saƙon farko. ^[6]

An ba da lissafin ƙididdiga na Moro a ƙasa. ^[6]

Consonantal inventory
	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar
Stop	p b	t̪ d̪	t d			k g
Affricate					ʧ ʤ
Fricative	f v	ð	s
Nasal	m		n		ɲ	ŋ
Trill			r
Flap			ɾ	ɽ
Lateral			l
Glide		w			j

Ana iya fitar da baƙaƙe, ban da [ɾ,ɽ,j]. Tsayawan murya da /v/ ana gane su azaman mara murya lokacin da aka fitar. ^[6]

Wasalin Harmony

Moro yana da tsarin jituwa na 'mataki ɗaya' tsayin wasali, wanda a cikinsa ake ɗaga ƙananan wasulan /eao/ na affixes zuwa manyan takwarorinsu [i ʌ u] idan tushen wasalin ya yi girma. Bugu da ƙari ga haɗin kai-ko tushen-sarrafawa, Moro kuma yana nuna tsarin jituwa-mafi rinjaye a cikinsa wanda wasu ƙarin kari a cikin su ke haifar da haɓakar prefixes da tushen wasulan da suka gabata, da ƙari mai zuwa; waɗannan maƙasudai masu jawo jituwa su ne haddasa -i, aikace-aikace -ət̪, da m -ən . ^[7]

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Moro". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Gibbard, George, Rohde, Hannah, and Rose, Sharon (2009). 'Moro Noun Class Morphology'. In Masangu Matonodo et al. (eds.) Selected Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, pp. 106-117. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings, p. 117. Project. http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/38/paper2139.pdf?q=moro
↑ SUDAN LOCAL LANGUAGE CENTRE: Notes on Language Use in the Moro Community in Khartoum. p. 1.
↑ Strabone, Andrew and Rose, Sharon (2012). 'Morphophonological properties of Moro causatives'. In Connell, Bruce and Rolle, Nicholas (eds.) Selected Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference on African Linguistics: African Languages in Contact, pp. 92-103. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/41/paper2740.pdf
↑ Gibbard, George, Rohde, Hannah, and Rose, Sharon (2009). 'Moro Noun Class Morphology'. In Masangu Matonodo et al. (eds.) Selected Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, pp. 106-117. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings, p. 117. Project. http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/38/paper2139.pdf?q=moro
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content
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[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Moro". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[:02-2] Gibbard, George, Rohde, Hannah, and Rose, Sharon (2009). 'Moro Noun Class Morphology'. In Masangu Matonodo et al. (eds.) Selected Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, pp. 106-117. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings, p. 117. Project. http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/38/paper2139.pdf?q=moro

[:12-3] SUDAN LOCAL LANGUAGE CENTRE: Notes on Language Use in the Moro Community in Khartoum. p. 1.

[:2-4] Strabone, Andrew and Rose, Sharon (2012). 'Morphophonological properties of Moro causatives'. In Connell, Bruce and Rolle, Nicholas (eds.) Selected Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference on African Linguistics: African Languages in Contact, pp. 92-103. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/41/paper2740.pdf

[:0-5] Gibbard, George, Rohde, Hannah, and Rose, Sharon (2009). 'Moro Noun Class Morphology'. In Masangu Matonodo et al. (eds.) Selected Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, pp. 106-117. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings, p. 117. Project. http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/38/paper2139.pdf?q=moro

[:4-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 Empty citation (help) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content

[:5-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :5

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