Harshen Qimant

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Qimant
Kemantney
Asali a Ethiopia
Yanki Amhara Region
Ƙabila Qemant people
'Yan asalin magana
(Template:Sigfig cited 1994 census)e25
kasafin harshe
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 ahg
Glottolog qima1242[1]


Harshen Qimant yare ne mai haɗari sosai wanda ƙananan tsofaffi na mutanen Qemant a arewacin Habasha ke magana, galibi a cikin Chilga woreda a Gondar_Zone" id="mwDw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Semien Gondar Zone">Yankin Semien Gondar tsakanin Gondar da Metemma.

Rabe-rabe[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Harshen na reshen yamma na harsunan Agaw ne. [2] Sauran nau'ikan (bacewa) na wannan reshe sune Qwara da Kayla . Tare da duk wasu harsunan Kushitic, Qimant na cikin dangin harshen Afroasiatic .

Rarraba yanki da yanayin zamantakewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Qimant shine asalin harshen al'ummar Qemant na shiyyar Gonder ta Arewa, Habasha. Kodayake yawan al'ummar Qemant ya kai 172,327 a ƙidayar 1994, kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin waɗannan ke magana da yaren a zamanin yau. Duk masu magana suna zaune ko dai a yankunan Chilga ko Lay Armachiho . [3] Yawan masu jin yaren farko 1,625 ne, adadin masu jin yare na biyu 3,450. [2] Duk masu magana da harshen sun girmi shekaru 30, kuma fiye da 75% sun girmi shekaru 50. [2] Harshen ba a sake isar da shi ga masu magana na gaba. Mafi yawan al'ummar Qemant suna magana da Amharic . Qimant ba a magana a bainar jama'a ko ma cikin gida a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta yau da kullun, amma an mayar da shi zuwa lambar sirri. [2]

Yaruka/Iri[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ba a bayyana ko yaya Kayla, Qwara, da Qimant suka kasance yarukan Yaren Agaw guda ɗaya ba, ko kuma harsunan da suka bambanta da juna.

Fassarar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Consonants[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wayoyin baki [2]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
a fili lab.
Nasal m n ŋ ŋʷ
M mara murya t k
murya b d ɡ ɡʷ
Ƙarfafawa mara murya f s ʃ χ χʷ
murya z ɣ ɣʷ
Taɓa r
Kusanci l j w

Za'a iya fitar da abubuwan da ke ci gaba da magana-tsakaici.

Wasula[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wayoyin wasali [2]
Gaba Tsakiya Baya
Kusa i ⟨ i ⟩ ɨ ⟨ ⟩ u ⟨ ⟩
Tsakar ə o
Bude a

Wasan kwaikwayo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Matsakaicin tsarin silsilar a Qimant shine CVC, wanda ke nuna cewa gungu na baƙaƙe ana ba da izinin kalma-tsakaici kawai. [2] A cikin kalmomin lamuni daga Amharic kuma ana iya samun baƙaƙe-gungu a cikin silsilar. Ba a ba da izinin gungu na wasali ba.

Hanyoyin sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tarin baƙon da ke da fiye da baƙaƙe biyu ana tarwatsewa ta hanyar saka wasalin epenthetic /ɨ/</link> . Sauran tsarin sautin sauti sune haɗuwa da hanci da kuma cinye /ɡ/</link> a kalmomin iyakoki. [2]

Prosody[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Har yanzu ba a yi nazarin abubuwan da suka shafi Qimant ba.

Nahawu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ilimin Halitta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tsarin alama na sirri yana bambanta tsakanin mutum ɗaya ɗaya da jam'i, mutum na biyu maɗaukaki, ladabi, da jam'i, da mutum na uku na namiji, mace da jam'i. A kan fi'ili, duk nau'ikan juzu'i suna da alamar suffixes. Zelealem (2003, p. 192) ya bayyana nau'i). Kamar a cikin sauran harsunan Kushitic na tsakiya, lambobi ɗaya zuwa tara suna komawa ne zuwa wani tsohon tsarin quinary, inda karimin /-ta/</link> aka kara da lambobi biyu zuwa hudu sakamakon a lamba shida zuwa tara  (2-4 lambobi uku ne, 6-9 lambobi huɗu ne). [2]

Daidaitawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Asalin tsarin tsari a Qimant, kamar a cikin duk sauran harsunan Afro-Asiatic na Habasha, shine SOV. Kasancewar tsarin alamar shari'a yana ba da damar wasu, ƙarin umarni masu alama. A cikin jumlar suna, sunan kai yana bin masu gyara ta. Lambobi, duk da haka, na iya bin suna na kai. Duk nau'in juzu'i na ƙasa suna gaba da babban fi'ili na jumlar. [2]

Kalmomi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sakamakon mutuwar harshen da ke kunno kai, an riga an maye gurbin abubuwa da yawa na ƙamus da kalmomin Amharic .

Bayanan kula[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Qimant". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 Leyew 2003.
  3. see map in Leyew 2003

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

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Kara karantawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

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Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Duniya Atlas na Tsarin Harshe bayanai akan Kemant