Harshen Tshwa

Harshen Tshwa
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Khoisan Khoe–Kwadi (en) Harsunan Khoe Harshen Tshwa
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	hio
Glottolog	tshw1239

Tsoa, Tshwa ko Tshuwau, wanda aka fi sani da Kua da Hiechware, wani yanki ne da ake magana da yaren Kalahari Khoe na Gabas wanda dubban mutane ke magana a Botswana da Zimbabwe.

Daya daga cikin yare shine Tjwao (wanda a da ake rubuta 'Tshwao'), yaren Khoisan daya tilo a ƙasar Zimbabwe, inda "Koisan" harshe ne da aka amince da shi a hukumance a cikin kundin tsarin mulki

Yaruka

Tsoa–Kua tarin yare ne, wanda har yanzu ba a yi nazari sosai ba amma da alama ya haɗa da:

• Tsoa, wanda kuma aka sani da Hiechware da kuma sauran nau'o'in haɗin gwiwar Hio-, Hie-, Hai- + Chwa, Tshwa, Chuwau, Tshuwau + -re, -ri; kamar yadda Sarwa, Sesarwa (sunan Tswana), Gǁabake-Ntshori, Tati, da Kwe-Etshori Kwee. Tshwao na Zimbabwe yana nan.
• Kua, kuma ya rubuta Cua da Tyhua. Wato duka Tsoa da Kua ana iya furta su da wani abu kamar [tʃwa]</link> , kuma ba a bayyane yake cewa yaruka ne daban-daban ba.
• Cire Cire [tʃire tʃire]</link> , ana magana a yankin Nata a Botswana.

Fassarar sauti

Ƙididdiga mai zuwa na yaren Kua:

Consonant phonemes of the Kua dialect, Mathes (2015)

			Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar		Lateral	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Click	nasal			Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
	voiceless			Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
	voiced			Template:IPA link			Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
	aspirated			Template:IPA link			Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
	ejective			Template:IPA link			Template:IPA link
	glottalized			Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
Nasal			Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link			Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless		Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
	aspirated		Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
	ejective				Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
	voiced		Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
Fricative					Template:IPA link					Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
Rhotic					Template:IPA link
Approximant			Template:IPA link				Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
Clusters
Click	+fricative			ǀχ			ǁχ
	+affricate			Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link		Template:IPA link
	+uvular	vl		qǀ	qǃ		qǁ	qǂ
		vd		ɢǀ			ɢǁ
		+asp		Template:IPA link			Template:IPA link	Template:IPA link
Plosive	+fricative				tχ			cχ
Affricate	+fricative				tsχ
Ejective	+affricate				Template:IPA link			Template:IPA link

Yaren Cire-cire (ba a ambata ba) yana da abubuwan ƙira masu zuwa:

Wayoyin baki na yaren Cire-cire (ba a ambata ba)

		Bilabial	Dental	Alveolar	Na gefe	Bayan-<br id="mwAbA"><br><br><br></br> alveolar	Velar	Uvula	Glottal
Danna	hanci		ᵑǀ	( ᵑǃ )	ᵑǁ	( ᵑǂ )
	mara murya		ᵏǀ	( ᵏǃ )	ᵏǁ	( ᵏǂ )
	murya		ᶢǀ	( ᶢǃ )	ᶢǁ	( ᶢǂ )
	m		ǀʰ	( ǃʰ )	ǁʰ	( ǂʰ )
	glotalized		ᵑǀˀ		ᵑǁˀ
	dangantaka		( ǀqχ</link> )		( ǁqχ</link> )
Nasal		m		n
M	mara murya	p		t			k	q	ʔ
	murya	b		d			ɡ
Haɗin kai	mara murya					tʃ
	murya			dz		dʒ
Mai sassautawa	mara murya			s		ʃ		χ
	murya			z
Kusanci					l

Maƙallan suna da rarraba mara daidaituwa: Kalmomi goma sha biyu ne kawai ke farawa da ɗaya daga cikin dannawa na palatal ( ǂ ), kuma waɗannan ana maye gurbinsu da dannawar haƙora ( ǀ ) tsakanin ƙananan masu magana. Kalmomi rabin dozin ne kawai ke farawa da ɗaya daga cikin dannawar alveolar ( ǃ ), da ƙarin rabin dozin fiye da ɗaya daga cikin dannawar da aka shafa. Waɗannan ƙananan sautuka ana sanya su a cikin baƙaƙe a cikin ginshiƙi.

	gaba	baya
babba	i ĩ	u ũ
tsakiyar	e	o
ƙananan	a ã

Akwai sautuna biyu, babba da ƙasa, da ƴan lokuta na tsakiyar sautin.

A cikin yaren arewacin Kua, kamar sauran harsunan Kalahari Khoe na Gabas, jerin latsawa na palatal sun zama tasha. Kudancin Kua ya riƙe maɓallin palatal, amma tasha na haƙori ya yi zafi, kamar yadda suke a cikin Gǀui da ǂʼAmkoe . Don haka Arewacin Kua yana da /ɟua/</link> 'ash' da /d̪u/</link> 'eland', yayin da kudancin Kua yana da ᶢǂua</link> 'ash' da /d̪ʲu/</link> (ko watakila /ɟu/</link> ) 'Eland'.

Littafi Mai Tsarki

• Vossen, Rainer (ed.). 2013 a. Harsunan Khoesan . London & New York: Routledge.