Harshen benci

Bench
	Bencnon
Furucci	[bentʂnon]
Asali a	Ethiopia
Yanki	Bench Maji Zone, SNNPR
'Yan asalin magana	348,000 Bench Non, 8,000 Mer, 490 She (2007)
Dangin harshen	Tafrusyawit Omotic North Bench; ; ;
kasafin harshe	Benc Non (Benesho); Mer (Mieru); She (Kaba);
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	bcq
Glottolog	benc1235
Linguasphere	16-BBA-a

Bench (Bencnon, Shenon ko Mernon, wanda ake kira Gimira ^[3]) yare ne na Arewacin Omotic na ƙungiyar "Gimojan", wanda kusan mutane 174,000 ke magana (a cikin 1998) a yankin Bench Maji na Kudancin Al'ummai, Kasashe, da Yankin Jama'a, a kudancin Habasha, a kusa da garuruwan Mizan Teferi da Shewa Gimira . ^[3] cikin wata takarda ta 2006, Christian Rapold ya bayyana nau'ikan Bench guda uku (Benchnon, Shenon, da Mernon) a matsayin "...masu fahimta tare... iri-iri na yare ɗaya". ^[4] shine harshen kakannin mutanen Bench.

^[5] cikin bambancin da ba a saba gani ba daga mafi yawan sauran harsuna a Afirka, Bench yana da alamun sautin sautin. Harshen kuma yana ^[6] mahimmanci saboda yana da sautuna shida, ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan harsuna a duniya waɗanda ke da waɗannan da yawa. Bench yana da nau'in busawa wanda masu magana da maza suka yi amfani da shi, wanda ke ba da izinin sadarwa a kan nesa fiye da Bench da aka yi magana. Ana iya ƙirƙirar ƙaho ta amfani da leɓuna ko kuma a yi shi daga rami da aka kirkira da hannayensu biyu. Bugu ^[7] ƙari, ana iya sadarwa da wannan nau'in harshe ta hanyar krar mai igiya 5.

Fasahar sauti

sautin sauti na Bench sune /i e a o u/ .

/˨˧/ sautuna shida: sautunan matakin biyar (lambar 1 zuwa 5 a cikin wallafe-wallafen, tare da 1 shine mafi ƙasƙanci) da sautin tashi 23 / Tian / . Sautin saman wani lokacin ana gane shi azaman babban tashi ^[8] [[[] . A kan wasula o, su ne //ő ó ō ò ȍ ǒ/ ǒ/

Harshen su ne:

		Biyuwa	Coronal	Palato-alveolar<br id="mwQg">	Retroflex	Velar	Gishiri
Hanci		m	n
Plosive	Rashin murya	p	t			k	ʔ
	Magana	b	d			ɡ
	Manufar	pʼ	tʼ			kʼ
Rashin lafiya	Rashin murya		ts	tʃ	tʂ
Rashin lafiya	Manufar		tsʼ	tʃʼ	tʂʼ
Fricative	Rashin murya		s	ʃ	ʂ		h
Fricative	Magana		z	ʒ	Sanya
Trill			r
Kusanci			l	j

Duk waɗannan na iya faruwa a cikin palatalized, amma kawai kafin /a/, yana ba da shawarar wani bincike na sautin sauti na shida /ja/. Ana bayar da rahoton ƙididdigar labialized don [p, b, s, ɡ,] da [ʔ], amma matsayin su ba a bayyane yake ba; suna faruwa ne kawai bayan /i/.

Ga phoneme /p/ abubuwan da suka faru na [pʰ] da [f] suna cikin bambancin kyauta; /j/ yana da allophone [w] a gaban wasula na baya.

Tsarin syllable shine (C) V (C) (C) + sautin ko (C) N (C), inda C ke wakiltar kowane ma'ana, V kowane wasali, N kowane hanci, kuma ƙuƙwalwa wani zaɓi. CC clusters sun kunshi ci gaba da biye da plosive, fricative, ko affricate; a cikin CCC clusters, na farko consonant dole ne ya zama ɗaya daga /r/ /j/ /m/ /p/ ko /pʼ/, na biyu ko dai /n/ ko fricative mara murya, kuma na uku /t/ ko /k/.

Harshen harshe

Sunaye

Za'a iya samar da jam'i ta hanyar ƙara ma'anar [-n̄d]; duk da haka, ana amfani da waɗannan da wuya sai dai tare da takamaiman sunaye. Misali: [wű īŋɡn̄d] "dangi"; [ātsn̄dī bá ka̋ŋɡ] "dukan mutane".

Wakilan sunaye

Wakilan mutum

Turanci	karkatacciyar hanya	batun	wurin zama	vocative
Na	[ta]	[tān]	[Suna da haka]
kai (sg.)	[Babu]	[nēn]	[Ya yi la'akari da]	[M.), [M] (f.)
kai (hon.)	[Kashi]	[Kashi]	[Kashi]
shi	[Jı̋]	[jīs]	_
shi (hon.)	[ıts]	[ıts]	[ıts]
ita	[wű]	[wūs]	_
ita (hon.)	[ɡēn]	[ɡēn]	[ɡēn]
kansa / kansa	[Ba]	[bān]	[Suna a shafi]
mu (ban da)	[a'a]	[ba]	[Ya yi la'akari da]
mu (ciki har da)	[An yi amfani da shi]	[nīn]	[Ya yi la'akari da]
kai (pl.)	[Kwanan nan]	[Kwanan nan]	[Kwanan nan]
su	[I'anar da aka yi]	[I'anar da aka yi]	[I'anar da aka yi]

[bá] [bá] ta ɗan wuce kasancewa wakilin tunani; tana iya nuna kowane mutum na uku wanda ke nufin batun jumlar, misali:

Hanyar da ke da alaƙa ita ce ta asali, kuma tana aiki a matsayin abu, mallaka, da adverbial. Tsarin batun yana da bambance-bambance guda uku: na al'ada (wanda aka bayar a sama), mai jaddadawa - wanda aka yi amfani da shi lokacin da batun ya fi shahara a cikin jumla, musamman jumla-da farko - kuma an rage shi, wanda aka yi aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na kalma. Kalmar "locative" tana nufin "zuwa, a, ko don wurin mutum ko gida", misali:

↑ Samfuri:Ethnologue18
↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bench". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Rapold 2006
↑ Empty citation (help)
↑ Breeze 1988.
↑ Wedekind 1983, 1985a, 1985b.
↑ Wedekind 1983
↑ Note that this is the East Asian tone numbering convention, and the opposite of the literature for other African languages, where 1 is high and 5 is low. The issue will be avoided here by using IPA diacritics.

[e18-1] Samfuri:Ethnologue18

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bench". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[Rapold_20062-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Rapold 2006

[4] Empty citation (help)

[5] Breeze 1988.

[6] Wedekind 1983, 1985a, 1985b.

[7] Wedekind 1983

[8] Note that this is the East Asian tone numbering convention, and the opposite of the literature for other African languages, where 1 is high and 5 is low. The issue will be avoided here by using IPA diacritics.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]