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Harshen benci

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Bench
Bencnon
Furucci [bentʂnon]
Asali a Ethiopia
Yanki Bench Maji Zone, SNNPR
'Yan asalin magana
348,000 Bench Non, 8,000 Mer, 490 She (2007)[1]
kasafin harshe
  • Benc Non (Benesho)
  • Mer (Mieru)
  • She (Kaba)
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3 bcq
Glottolog benc1235[2]
Linguasphere 16-BBA-a
benxh
wani Zane a jamiaba

Bench (Bencnon, Shenon ko Mernon, wanda ake kira Gimira [3]) yare ne na Arewacin Omotic na ƙungiyar "Gimojan", wanda kusan mutane 174,000 ke magana (a cikin 1998) a yankin Bench Maji na Kudancin Al'ummai, Kasashe, da Yankin Jama'a, a kudancin Habasha, a kusa da garuruwan Mizan Teferi da Shewa Gimira . [3] cikin wata takarda ta 2006, Christian Rapold ya bayyana nau'ikan Bench guda uku (Benchnon, Shenon, da Mernon) a matsayin "...masu fahimta tare... iri-iri na yare ɗaya". [4] shine harshen kakannin mutanen Bench.

[5] cikin bambancin da ba a saba gani ba daga mafi yawan sauran harsuna a Afirka, Bench yana da alamun sautin sautin. Harshen kuma yana [6] mahimmanci saboda yana da sautuna shida, ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan harsuna a duniya waɗanda ke da waɗannan da yawa. Bench yana da nau'in busawa wanda masu magana da maza suka yi amfani da shi, wanda ke ba da izinin sadarwa a kan nesa fiye da Bench da aka yi magana. Ana iya ƙirƙirar ƙaho ta amfani da leɓuna ko kuma a yi shi daga rami da aka kirkira da hannayensu biyu. Bugu [7] ƙari, ana iya sadarwa da wannan nau'in harshe ta hanyar krar mai igiya 5.

Fasahar sauti

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

sautin sauti na Bench sune /i e a o u/ .

/˨˧/ sautuna shida: sautunan matakin biyar (lambar 1 zuwa 5 a cikin wallafe-wallafen, tare da 1 shine mafi ƙasƙanci) da sautin tashi 23 / Tian / . Sautin saman wani lokacin ana gane shi azaman babban tashi [8] [[[] . A kan wasula o, su ne //ő ó ō ò ȍ ǒ/ ǒ/

Harshen su ne:

Biyuwa Coronal Palato-alveolar<br id="mwQg"> Retroflex Velar Gishiri
Hanci m n
Plosive Rashin murya p t k ʔ
Magana b d ɡ
Manufar
Rashin lafiya Rashin murya ts
Manufar tsʼ tʃʼ tʂʼ
Fricative Rashin murya s ʃ ʂ h
Magana z ʒ Sanya
Trill r
Kusanci l j

Duk waɗannan na iya faruwa a cikin palatalized, amma kawai kafin /a/, yana ba da shawarar wani bincike na sautin sauti na shida /ja/. Ana bayar da rahoton ƙididdigar labialized don [p, b, s, ɡ,] da [ʔ], amma matsayin su ba a bayyane yake ba; suna faruwa ne kawai bayan /i/.

Ga phoneme /p/ abubuwan da suka faru na [pʰ] da [f] suna cikin bambancin kyauta; /j/ yana da allophone [w] a gaban wasula na baya.

Tsarin syllable shine (C) V (C) (C) + sautin ko (C) N (C), inda C ke wakiltar kowane ma'ana, V kowane wasali, N kowane hanci, kuma ƙuƙwalwa wani zaɓi. CC clusters sun kunshi ci gaba da biye da plosive, fricative, ko affricate; a cikin CCC clusters, na farko consonant dole ne ya zama ɗaya daga /r/ /j/ /m/ /p/ ko /pʼ/, na biyu ko dai /n/ ko fricative mara murya, kuma na uku /t/ ko /k/.

Harshen harshe

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Za'a iya samar da jam'i ta hanyar ƙara ma'anar [-n̄d]; duk da haka, ana amfani da waɗannan da wuya sai dai tare da takamaiman sunaye. Misali: [wű īŋɡn̄d] "dangi"; [ātsn̄dī bá ka̋ŋɡ] "dukan mutane".

Wakilan sunaye

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wakilan mutum

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Turanci karkatacciyar hanya batun wurin zama vocative
Na [ta] [tān] [Suna da haka]
kai (sg.) [Babu] [nēn] [Ya yi la'akari da] [M.), [M] (f.)
kai (hon.) [Kashi] [Kashi] [Kashi]
shi [Jı̋] [jīs] _
shi (hon.) [ıts] [ıts] [ıts]
ita [wű] [wūs] _
ita (hon.) [ɡēn] [ɡēn] [ɡēn]
kansa / kansa [Ba] [bān] [Suna a shafi]
mu (ban da) [a'a] [ba] [Ya yi la'akari da]
mu (ciki har da) [An yi amfani da shi] [nīn] [Ya yi la'akari da]
kai (pl.) [Kwanan nan] [Kwanan nan] [Kwanan nan]
su [I'anar da aka yi] [I'anar da aka yi] [I'anar da aka yi]

[bá] [bá] ta ɗan wuce kasancewa wakilin tunani; tana iya nuna kowane mutum na uku wanda ke nufin batun jumlar, misali:

Hanyar da ke da alaƙa ita ce ta asali, kuma tana aiki a matsayin abu, mallaka, da adverbial. Tsarin batun yana da bambance-bambance guda uku: na al'ada (wanda aka bayar a sama), mai jaddadawa - wanda aka yi amfani da shi lokacin da batun ya fi shahara a cikin jumla, musamman jumla-da farko - kuma an rage shi, wanda aka yi aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na kalma. Kalmar "locative" tana nufin "zuwa, a, ko don wurin mutum ko gida", misali:

  1. Samfuri:Ethnologue18
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bench". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Rapold 2006
  4. Empty citation (help)
  5. Breeze 1988.
  6. Wedekind 1983, 1985a, 1985b.
  7. Wedekind 1983
  8. Note that this is the East Asian tone numbering convention, and the opposite of the literature for other African languages, where 1 is high and 5 is low. The issue will be avoided here by using IPA diacritics.