Harsuna masu lalata
 harsuna masu lalata | |
|---|---|
metaclass (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
error (en) , falsity (en) , non-existent entity (en) da failed hypothesis (en) |
Harsuna masu ɓarna harsuna ne waɗanda aka ba da rahoton cewa suna nan a cikin ayyuka masu daraja, yayin da wasu bincike suka ba da rahoton cewa harshen da ake magana ba ya wanzu. An tabbatar da cewa babu wasu yarukan zato. Wasu kuma suna da ƙarancin shaidar da ke tabbatar da wanzuwar su, kuma an kore su a cikin guraben karatu daga baya. Wasu kuma har yanzu ba su da tabbas saboda ƙarancin bincike.
A ƙasa akwai samfurin harsunan da aka yi iƙirarin wanzuwa a cikin sanannun tushe amma daga baya aka karyata ko aka ƙalubalanci su. A wasu lokuta ana bin diddigin yare kuma ya zama wani, sanannen harshe. Wannan na zama ruwan dare idan aka sanya wa nau’in yare sunan wurare ko kabilanci.
Wasu harsunan da ake zargin sun zama yaudara, kamar yaren Kukurá na Brazil ko yaren Taensa na Louisiana. Wasu kurakurai ne na gaskiya waɗanda ke dawwama a cikin wallafe-wallafen duk da gyara daga marubutan asali; misalin wannan shineHongote, sunan da aka ba a cikin 1892 zuwa jerin kalmomi na Mulkin Mallaka guda biyu, ɗaya na Tlingit kuma ɗaya daga cikin yaren Salishan, waɗanda aka yi kuskuren jera su a matsayin Patagonian. An gyara kuskuren sau uku a waccan shekarar, amma duk da haka "Hongote" har yanzu an jera shi azaman yaren Patagonia karni bayan haka a Greenberg (1987). [1] :133
A cikin yanayin New Guinea, ɗaya daga cikin wurare masu ban sha'awa na harshe a duniya, wasu harsuna masu banƙyama sune sunayen binciken harshe ne kawai wanda aka buga bayanan. Misalai su neMapi, Kiya,Upper Digul ,Upper Kaeme, da aka jera a matsayin harsunan Indo-Pacific a cikin Ruhlen 1987 ; waɗannan ainihin koguna ne waɗanda suka ba da sunayensu ga binciken harshe a cikin manyan harsunan Awyu da harsunan Ok na New Guinea. [2]
Harsuna masu ban tsoro[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Harsuna masu banƙyama su ne waɗanda wanzuwarsu ba ta da tabbas. Sun hada da:
- Oropom ( Uganda )
- Nemadi ( Mauritania )
- Rer Bare ( Habasha ) - bace, idan ya kasance
- Tapeba ( Brazil ) - ƙabilar ƴan asalin ƙasar da aka ƙirƙira kwanan nan, ba harshe ba
- Harshen Alamar Ladakhi - babu wata al'umma da za ta yi amfani da shi
- Dek ( Kamaru )