Kate Marvel
 Kate Marvel | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | 20 century |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
University of Cambridge (en)  2008) Doctor of Philosophy (en) : theoretical physics (en) University of Cambridge (en) University of California, Berkeley (en) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
science communicator (en) , climatologist (en) , Malamin yanayi da scientist (en) |
| Employers |
Goddard Institute for Space Studies (en) |
Kate Marvel masaniyar kimiyyar yanayi ce kuma marubuciya a kimiya da ke zaune a Birnin New York. Ita masaniyar Kimiyyar Kimiyya ce a Cibiyar Nazarin Sararin samaniya NASA da kuma Kwalejin Injiniya ta Kolejin Kimiyyar Lissafi, kuma tana rubutu a kai a kai ga Kimiyyar Amurka a shafinta mai suna Hot Planet
Ilimi da farkon aiki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Marvel ta halarci Jami'ar California a Berkeley, inda ta sami digiri na farko na Arts a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da ilimin taurari a shekara ta 2003. Ta samu digirinta na uku a shekara ta 2008 a fannin ilimin lissafi daga jami'ar Cambridge a matsayinta na Gates Scholar kuma memba a Trinity College . Bayan bin digirinta har na uku, sai ta karkata akalarta zuwa ilimin kimiyyar yanayi da makamashi a matsayinta na 'yar Makarantar Kimiyyar Makarantar Postdoctoral a Cibiyar Tsaro ta Duniya da Haɗin Kai a Jami'ar Stanford da kuma Cibiyar Kula da Kimiyya ta Carnegie a Sashen Kula da Lafiyar Duniya . Ta ci gaba da wannan yanayin a matsayinta na abokiyar karatun digirin-digirgir a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory kafin ta shiga bangaren bincike a NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies da kuma Columbia University .
Bincike[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Cibiyoyin bincike na Marvel na yanzu akan samfurin yanayi don kyakkyawan hango ko wane irin zafin duniyar zai tashi a nan gaba. Wannan aikin ya jagoranci Marvel don bincika tasirin murfin girgije akan samfurin ƙwanƙwasa yanayin, wanda ya tabbatar da muhimmin canji a cikin yanayi. Girgije zai iya taka rawa mai kaifi biyu wajen rage ko kara saurin dumamar yanayi. A wani gefen, gajimare yana nuna hasken rana a sararin samaniya, yana mai sanyaya duniya. a daya ɓangaren, gizagizai na iya kama zafin duniyar kuma su sake haskakawa zuwa saman Duniya. Duk da yake samfuran komputa suna da wahalar kwaikwayon yanayin canjin girgije, ingantattun bayanan tauraron dan adam na iya fara cike gibin.
Har ila yau, Marvel ta yi rikodin tsarin canza yanayin danshi na ƙasa daga samfuran da aka ɗauka a duniya, tare da haɗa su da samfurin kwamfuta da rumbun adon zoben itacen, don yin kwatankwacin tasirin samar da iskar gas a yanayin yanayin fari na duniya. A cikin wannan binciken, wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar <i id="mwRg">Nature</i> a watan Mayun shekara ta 2019, Marvel da abokan aikinta sun iya bambance gudummawar mutane daga tasirin sauyin yanayi na yanayi da yanayi . Sun samo fasali guda uku daban-daban na fari a cikin bayanan: yatsan yatsan mutum bayyananne kan matakan fari a farkon rabin karni na 20, sannan raguwar fari daga shekara ta 1950 zuwa shekara ta 1975, sannan haɓakawa ta ƙarshe a matakan fari a cikin shekara ta 1980s da kuma bayan. Rage tsakiyar karni na fari ya danganta da hauhawar hayakin aerosol, wanda ke taimakawa ga hauhawar hayakin wanda watakila ya nuna kuma ya toshe hasken rana daga isa Duniya, ya sauya fasalin yanayin dumamar yanayi. Haɓakar fari da ta biyo baya ya haɗu da raguwar gurɓatacciyar iska a duniya, wanda ya faru a tsakanin shekarun 1970 da 1980 saboda zartar da doka kamar Dokar Tsabtace iska ta Amurka, tana mai nuni da cewa gurɓataccen iska aerosol na iya yin tasiri a kan fari.[1][2][3][4][5] C[6][7][8][9][10][11]
Marvel ta kuma yi karatun taƙaitaccen aiki a cikin makamashi mai sabuntawa a matsayin Malami na Postdoctoral a Cibiyar Carnegie na Kimiyya . A shekara ta 2017 Ted taro, wadannan kwamfuta sharhi Danny Hillis 's magana shawarwari geoengineering dabarun magance dumamar yanayi, Marvel aka kawo a mataki rabo me ya sa ta yi imanin geoengineering iya haifar da mafi zãlunci daga mai kyau a cikin dogon gudu.
Hadin kan jama'a[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Marvel masanin sadarwa ce ta kimiyya wanda kokarinta ya ta'allaka kan sadarwa game da tasirin sauyin yanayi. Ta kasance baƙo a shahararrun shirye-shiryen kimiyya kamar StarTalk da BRIC Arts Media TV, tana magana game da ƙwarewarta game da canjin yanayi da kuma buƙatar yin aiki a kan yanayin. Ta kuma yi magana game da hanyarta don zama masaniyar kimiyya don jerin labaran tatsuniyoyin kimiyya, The Story Collider . Abun al'ajabi ma ya bayyana a TED Main Stage, tana ba da jawabi a taron shekara ta 2017 TED game da tasirin girgije mai kaifi biyu kan tasirin dumamar yanayi.
Rubutun Marvel ya fito a cikin On Being da <i id="mwbw">Nautilus</i> . Ita mai ba da gudummawa ce ta Kimiyyar Amurka tare da rukunin ta "Hot Planet". Shafin da aka ƙaddamar a watan Yunin 2018 kuma ya mai da hankali kan canjin yanayi, wanda ke rufe kimiyyar bayan ɗumamar yanayi, manufofi, da ƙoƙarin ɗan adam a cikin shawarwari. Abin al'ajabi ta ba da gudummawa ga Duk Abin da Zamu Iya Ceto, tarin makaloli wanda mata masu hannu a cikin sauyin yanayi suka rubuta .
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Marvel, Kate; Pincus, Robert; Schmidt, Gavin A.; Miller, Ron L. (2018). "Internal Variability and Disequilibrium Confound Estimates of Climate Sensitivity From Observations". Geophysical Research Letters. 45 (3): 1595–1601. Bibcode:2018GeoRL..45.1595M. doi:10.1002/2017gl076468. OSTI 1537310.
- ↑ Caldwell, Peter M.; Zelinka, Mark D.; Taylor, Karl E.; Marvel, Kate (15 January 2016). "Quantifying the Sources of Intermodel Spread in Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity". Journal of Climate. 29 (2): 513–524. Bibcode:2016JCli...29..513C. doi:10.1175/jcli-d-15-0352.1.
- ↑ Schmidt, Gavin A.; Severinghaus, Jeff; Abe-Ouchi, Ayako; Alley, Richard B.; Broecker, Wallace; Brook, Ed; Etheridge, David; Kawamura, Kenji; Keeling, Ralph F.; Leinen, Margaret; Marvel, Kate; Stocker, Thomas F. (July 2017). "Overestimate of committed warming". Nature. 547 (7662): E16–E17. Bibcode:2017Natur.547E..16S. doi:10.1038/nature22803. PMC 5885753. PMID 28703191.
- ↑ "Silver linings: the climate scientist who records cloud behaviour". the Guardian (in Turanci). 2017-08-18. Retrieved 2018-06-30.
- ↑ Marvel, Kate; Zelinka, Mark; Klein, Stephen A.; Bonfils, Céline; Caldwell, Peter; Doutriaux, Charles; Santer, Benjamin D.; Taylor, Karl E. (15 June 2015). "External Influences on Modeled and Observed Cloud Trends". Journal of Climate. 28 (12): 4820–4840. Bibcode:2015JCli...28.4820M. doi:10.1175/jcli-d-14-00734.1.
- ↑ Marvel, Kate (14 November 2017). "The Cloud Conundrum". Scientific American. 317 (6): 72–77. Bibcode:2017SciAm.317f..72M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1217-72. PMID 29145378.
- ↑ "The Effect of Clouds on Climate: A Key Mystery for Researchers - Yale E360". e360.yale.edu (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-06-30.
- ↑ Schwartz, John (1 May 2019). "In a Warming World, Evidence of a Human 'Fingerprint' on Drought (Published 2019)". The New York Times.
- ↑ Temple, James. "Cleaning up the air we breathe might actually be making droughts worse". MIT Technology Review (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-10-17.
- ↑ "Climate change has influenced global drought risk for 'more than a century'". Carbon Brief (in Turanci). 2019-05-01. Retrieved 2019-10-17.
- ↑ Marvel, Kate; Cook, Benjamin I.; Bonfils, Céline J. W.; Durack, Paul J.; Smerdon, Jason E.; Williams, A. Park (May 2019). "Twentieth-century hydroclimate changes consistent with human influence". Nature. 569 (7754): 59–65. Bibcode:2019Natur.569...59M. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1149-8. OSTI 1593565. PMID 31043729. S2CID 141488431.