Kundin Tsarin Mulki
 kundin tsarin mulki | |
|---|---|
type of law (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
statute (en) , sources of law (en) , authorizing legislation (en) , constitutional document (en) da structure |
| Karatun ta |
constitutional history (en) |
Kundin tsarin mulki shine jimillar ka'idodi na asali ko kafaffen abubuwan da suka zama tushen doka na wata hukuma, gungiya ko wani nau'in mahalli kuma galibi suna da ƙayyadaddun yadda za'a gudanar da wannan ƙungiya.[1]
Lokacin da aka rubuta wadannan ka'idodin cikin takarda daya ko saitin takaddun doka, ana iya cewa wadannan takaddun sun gunshi rubutaccen tsarin mulki; idan an hada su a cikin cikakken takarda guda daya, an ce ya gunshi kundin tsarin mulki. Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Burtaniya babban misali ne na kundin tsarin mulkin da ba a canza shi ba; A maimakon haka an rubuta shi a cikin muhimman Ayyukan majalisa, shari'o'in kotu ko yarjejeniyoyin.[2]
Kundin tsarin mulki ya shafi matakai daban-daban na kungiyoyi, daga kasashe masu iko zuwa kamfanoni da gungiyoyin da ba su da hadin gwiwa. Yarjejeniyar da ta kafa kungiya ta duniya ita ma kundin tsarin mulkinta ce, ta yadda za ta ayyana yadda kungiyar ta kasance. A cikin jihohi, tsarin mulki yana bayyana ka'idodin da ƙasa ta dogara da su, tsarin da aka kafa dokoki da kuma ta wa. Wasu kundin tsarin mulki, musamman na kundin tsarin mulki, suma suna aiki ne a matsayin masu takaita ikon gwamnati, ta hanyar kafa layukan da masu mulkin jaha ba za su iya ketare su ba, kamar hakkoki na asali.
Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Indiya shine mafi dadewa rubutaccen tsarin mulki na kowace kasa a duniya, yana da kalmomi 146,385 a cikin harshen Ingilishi, yayin da Tsarin Mulkin Monaco shine mafi guntu rubutaccen tsarin mulki tare da kalmomi 3,814.[3] Kundin Tsarin Mulki na San Marino na iya zama kundin tsarin mulkin da aka rubuta mafi tsufa a duniya, tunda wasu muhimman takaddunsa suna aiki tun 1600, yayin da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka shine mafi tsufa tsarin aiki. Tsawon rayuwar tarihi na kundin tsarin mulki tun 1789 kusan shekaru 19 ne.[4]
Asalin kalma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kalmar tsarin mulki ta zo ta hanyar kalmar Faransanci da kuma kalmar Latin constitutio, da aka yi amfani da ita don ka'idoji da umarni, kamar dokokin mulkin mallaka (constitutiones principis: edicta, mandata, decreta, rescripta).[5] Daga baya, an yi amfani da kalmar sosai a cikin dokar canon don yanke shawara mai mahimmanci, musamman dokar da Paparoma ya bayar, wanda yanzu ake magana da shi a matsayin tsarin mulkin manzanni.
William Blackstone ya yi amfani da kalmar don gagarumin cin zarafi na amanar jama'a, na yanayi da kuma iyakar cewa ketare zai ba da hujjar mayar da martani na juyin juya hali. Kalmar kamar yadda Blackstone ya yi amfani da ita ba don rubutun doka ba ne, kuma bai yi niyyar hadawa da ra'ayi na baya-bayan nan na Amurka game da bitar shari'a ba: "domin wannan shine ya sanya ikon shari'a fiye da na majalisa, wanda zai zama mai rushe dukkanin gwamnati".[6]
siffofin game gari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tarihi da kuma habaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ka'idojin hada kundin Tsarin mulki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hotuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]-
2017 Constitution of North Korea -
1964 Congo Constitution - Page 1
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ The New Oxford American Dictionary, Second Edn., Erin McKean (editor), 2051 pp., 2005, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-517077-6.
- ↑ R (HS2 Action Alliance Ltd) v Secretary of State for Transport [2014] UKSC 3 Archived March 5, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, [207]
- ↑ "Monaco 1962 (rev. 2002)". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
- ↑ Elkins, Zachary; Ginsburg, Tom; Melton, James (2009), "Conceptualizing Constitutions", The Endurance of National Constitutions, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 36–64, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511817595.004, ISBN 978-0-511-81759-5
- ↑ Mousourakis, George (December 12, 2003). The Historical and Institutional Context of Roman Law. Ashgate. ISBN 9780754621140 – via Google Books.
- ↑ Oxford Handbook of Comparative Constitutional Law. Oxford University Press. May 17, 2012. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-19-957861-0.