Mallakar zamantakewa
 Mallakar zamantakewa | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
appropriation (en)  |
Mallakar zamantakewa ita ce samfurin, wanda aka samar ta hanyar samarwa ko dukiyar da ta fito daga gare ta ga al'umma gaba ɗaya. Yana da ma'anar tsarin tattalin arziki na gurguzu.[1]Yana iya ɗaukar nau'i na mallakar al'umma,[2] mallakin jiha, mallakin kowa, mallakar ma'aikata, mallakin haɗin gwiwa, da kuma mallakar ƴan ƙasa na ãdalci.[3] A al'adance, ikon mallakar jama'a yana nuna cewa kasuwannin jari da ƙididdiga za su daina wanzuwa a ƙarƙashin tunanin cewa musayar kasuwa a cikin tsarin samar da kayayyaki ba za a yi watsi da su ba idan an mallaki kayan babban birnin kuma an haɗa su ta hanyar wata ƙungiya ko hanyar sadarwa na ƙungiyoyi masu wakiltar al'umma; amma fayyace samfuran gurguzanci na kasuwa inda ake amfani da kasuwanni masu ƙima don rarraba manyan kayayyaki tsakanin masana'antun jama'a sun faɗaɗa ma'anar don haɗa ƙungiyoyi masu cin gashin kansu a cikin tattalin arzikin kasuwa. Mallakar zamantakewa ta hanyoyin samarwa ita ce sifa ta gama gari ta kowane nau'i na gurguzu.
Manyan nau'o'i biyu na mallakar zamantakewar jama'a sune mallakar jama'a gaba ɗaya da ikon haɗin gwiwa. Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu ya ta'allaka ne a cikin rarraba rarar samfur. Tare da ikon mallakar jama'a gabaɗaya, ana rarraba rarar ga duk membobin jama'a ta hanyar rabon zamantakewa yayin da tare da haɗin gwiwar ikon mallakar rarar tattalin arziƙin masana'antu duk ma'aikatan wannan takamaiman masana'anta ne ke sarrafa rarar tattalin arzikin kamfani.[4]
Manufar mallakar zamantakewa shine kawar da bambanci tsakanin nau'in masu zaman kansu waɗanda suke masu karɓar kudin shiga na dukiya da ma'aikata waɗanda suke karɓar kudin shiga na aiki (albashi, albashi da kwamitocin), don haka samfurin rarar (ko ribar tattalin arziki). a cikin yanayin zamantakewar kasuwa) na cikin al'umma gaba ɗaya ko na membobin wani kamfani ne. Mallakar jama'a zai ba da damar samun albarkatu daga sarrafa kansa na aiki don rage matsakaicin tsawon lokacin aiki maimakon haifar da rashin tsaro da rashin aikin yi. Rage lokacin aikin da ya dace shine jigon ra'ayin Markisanci na 'yancin ɗan adam da kuma shawo kan ɓatanci, ra'ayin da Marxist da waɗanda ba 'yan gurguzu ba na Marxist ke da alaƙa da juna.
Zamantakewa a matsayin tsari shine sake fasalin tsarin tattalin arziki, tsarin tsari da cibiyoyi na tattalin arziki bisa tsarin gurguzu.[5] Cikakken ra'ayi na zamantakewar al'umma da nau'i na mallakar jama'a na zamantakewar al'umma yana nuna ƙarshen aiki na dokokin jari-hujja, tara kuɗi da kuma amfani da kudi da kimar kudi a cikin tsarin samarwa, tare da sake fasalin ƙungiyar matakin aiki.[6]
Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Ƙaddamar da haɗin kai
- Wakilin ma'aikata a kan kwamitocin gudanarwa na kamfanoni
- Haɗin kai
- Haɗin gwiwar ma'aikata
- Mallakar hannun jari na ma'aikata
- Socialism na kasuwa
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Brus, Wlodzimierz (October 25, 2013). The Economics and Politics of Socialism. Routledge. p. 88. ISBN 978-0415866477.
Ownership means that the object owned is disposed of by the owner in his own interests (broadly conceived). For ownership to be social, therefore, it must satisfy two criteria: the disposition of the object owned must be in the interest of society and the owned object must be disposed of by society
. - ↑ Horvat, Branko (2000). "Social ownership". In Michie, Jonathan (ed.). Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences, Volume 1. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 1515–1516. ISBN 9781135932268. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
Just as private ownership defines capitalism, social ownership defines socialism. The essential characteristic of socialism in theory is that it destroys social hierarchies, and therefore leads to a politically and economically egalitarian society. Two closely related consequences follow. First, every individual is entitled to an equal ownership share that earns an aliquot part of the total social dividend…Second, in order to eliminate social hierarchy in the workplace, enterprises are run by those employed, and not by the representatives of private or state capital. Thus, the well-known historical tendency of the divorce between ownership and management is brought to an end. The society—i.e. every individual equally—owns capital and those who work are entitled to manage their own economic affairs
. - ↑ O'Hara, Phillip (2003). Encyclopedia of Political Economy, Volume 2. Routledge. p. 71. ISBN 0-415-24187-1.
In order of increasing decentralisation (at least) three forms of socialised ownership can be distinguished: state-owned firms, employee-owned (or socially) owned firms, and citizen ownership of equity.
. - ↑ Toward a Socialism for the Future, in the Wake of the Demise of the Socialism of the Past, by Weisskopf, Thomas E. 1992. Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 24, No. 3–4, p. 10: "Here again there are two principal variants of such social claims to income, depending on the nature of the community holding the claim: (1) Public surplus appropriation: the surplus of the enterprise is distributed to an agency of the government (at the national, regional, or local level), representing a corresponding community of citizens. (2) Worker surplus appropriation: the surplus of the enterprise is distributed to enterprise workers."
- ↑ "the act or process of making socialistic: the socialization of industry." "Socialization" at Dictionary.com
Kara karantawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Karshe, Karl (1975). "Menene Socialization? Shirin Socialism Mai Aiki". Sabon Sharhi na Jamus No.6: 60-81.
- Richard (1996). "Mallakar Al'umma na Jari". Sabon Bita na Hagu 219. 1: 42–61.
- O'Neil, John (2002). "Kididdigar Socialist da Kimar Muhalli: Kudi, Kasuwanni da Ilimin Halitta". Kimiyya da Al'umma 66. 1: 137-58.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- "Socialization" na Anton Pannekoek