Modernism (Zamani)
 Modernism (Zamani) | |
|---|---|
cultural movement (en)  , art movement (en) da architectural style (en) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
decorative art (en) |
| Lokacin farawa | 1900s |
| Has characteristic (en) |
modernity (en) |
| Hannun riga da | Shahararrun al'adu |
Zamani dukka motsi ne na falsafa da fasaha wanda ya taso daga manyan sauye-sauye a cikin al'ummar Yamma a ƙarshen karni na 19 da farkon 20th. Motsin ya nuna sha'awar ƙirƙirar sababbin nau'ikan fasaha, falsafar, da ƙungiyar zamantakewa waɗanda ke nuna sabuwar masana'antar masana'antu, gami da fasali kamar haɓaka birni, gine-gine, sabbin fasahohi, da yaƙi. Masu zane-zane sun yi ƙoƙari su rabu da nau'ikan fasaha na gargajiya, waɗanda suke ɗauka cewa sun tsufa ko kuma sun shuɗe. Umarnin mawaƙi Ezra Pound na 1934 don "Make It New" shine tushen tsarin tafiyar.
Sabbin sabbin abubuwa na zamani sun haɗa da zane-zane, labari mai fahimta, silima montage, kiɗan atonal da sautuna goma sha biyu, zanen rarrabawa da gine-ginen zamani. Zamani a sarari ya ki amincewa da akidar hakikanin gaskiya [lower-alpha 1] kuma ya yi amfani da ayyukan da suka gabata ta hanyar ɗaukar fansa, haɗawa, sake rubutawa, sake maimaitawa, bita da sakewa. [lower-alpha 2] [lower-alpha 3] Har ila yau, Zamani ya yi watsi da tabbatacciyar tunanin wayewa, da yawa daga cikin 'yan zamani kuma sun ƙi yarda da imani na addini. [1] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content Wani sanannen halayen zamani shine sanin kai game da al'adun fasaha da zamantakewa, wanda sau da yawa yakan haifar da gwaji tare da tsari, tare da amfani da fasahohin da ke jawo hankali ga matakai da kayan da aka yi amfani da su wajen ƙirƙirar ayyuka na fasaha.
Yayin da wasu masana ke ganin zamani ya ci gaba har zuwa karni na 21, wasu kuma na ganin ya koma Late Modernism ko babban zamani. [2] Postmodernism ficewa ne daga zamani kuma ya ƙi ainihin zato. [3] [4]
Ma'ana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wasu masu sharhi suna bayyana zamani a matsayin yanayin tunani—ɗaya ko fiye da sifofi na falsafa, kamar sanin kai ko tunani, waɗanda ke gudana a cikin dukkan sabbin abubuwa a cikin fasaha da fannoni. Yawanci, musamman a kasashen yamma, su ne wadanda suke ganin shi a matsayin wani tsarin tunani ne na ci gaban zamantakewa wanda ke tabbatar da ikon dan Adam wajen kirkirowa, ingantawa, da sake fasalin muhallinsu tare da taimakon gwaje-gwajen aiki, ilimin kimiyya, ko fasaha. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content Daga wannan hangen nesa, zamani ya karfafa sake nazarin kowane bangare na rayuwa, tun daga kasuwanci zuwa falsafa, da manufar gano abin da ke hana ci gaba, da maye gurbinsa da sababbin hanyoyin kaiwa ga wannan matsayi.
A cewar Roger Griffin, ana iya ma'anar zamani a matsayin wani babban shiri na al'adu, zamantakewa, ko siyasa, wanda ya dore ta hanyar tsarin "lokacin sabon abu". Zamani yana neman maidowa, Griffin ya rubuta, "hankalin tsari mai girma da manufa ga duniyar zamani, ta yadda za a magance (gane) yazawar wani babban 'nomos' ko 'tsarki mai tsarki', a ƙarƙashin rarrabuwar kawuna da tasirin zamani. "Saboda haka, al'amura a fili ba su da alaƙa da juna kamar " Expressionism, Futurism, vitalism, Theosophy, psychoanalysis, nudism, eugenics, utopian town planning and architecture, zamani rawa, Bolshevism, kwayoyin kishin kasa har ma da al'adar sadaukar da kai wanda ya ci gaba da ci gaba. hecatomb na Yaƙin Duniya na Farko bayyana wani dalili na gama gari da matrix na tunani a cikin yaƙin da aka sani da lalacewa. "Dukkanin su sun ƙunshi yunƙurin samun damar "ƙwarewar gaskiya ta mutum-mutumin", wanda mutane suka yi imanin za su iya ƙetare mace-macen nasu, kuma a ƙarshe cewa sun daina zama waɗanda ke fama da tarihi su zama maimakon masu yin sa.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Graff, Gerald (Winter 1973). "The myth of the Postmodernist breakthrough". TriQuarterly. Vol. 26. pp. 383–417.Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Morris Dickstein, "An Outsider to His Own Life", Books, The New York Times, August 3, 1997; Anthony Mellors, Late modernist poetics: From Pound to Prynne.
- ↑ Ruth Reichl, Cook's November 1989; American Heritage Dictionary's definition of "postmodern"
- ↑ Childs, Peter Modernism (Routledge, 2000). ISBN 0-415-19647-7. p. 17. Accessed on 8 February 2009.Empty citation (help)