Monrovia

Monrovia
Suna saboda	James Monroe
Wuri
6°18′38″N 10°48′17″W
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Laberiya
Ƙasar Laberiya	Montserrado County (en)
District of Liberia (en)	Greater Monrovia District (en)
Babban birnin	Laberiya Greater Monrovia District (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	1,021,762 (2008)
• Yawan mutane	5,260.04 mazaunan/km²
Harshen gwamnati	Turanci
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	194.25 km²
Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku	Kogin Mesurado da Tekun Atalanta
Bayanan tarihi
Ƙirƙira	25 ga Afirilu, 1822
Muhimman sha'ani	Siege of Monrovia (en)
Tsarin Siyasa
• Gwamna	John-Charuk Siafa (mul) (ga Maris, 2024)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Lambar aika saƙo	1000
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	Greenwich Mean Time (en) UTC±00:00 (en)
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	77
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	monrovia.gov.lr

Monrovia ita ce babban birni kuma birni mafi girma a Laberiya, wacce ke bakin tekun Atlantika a Cape Mesurado a gundumar Montserrado . Tana aiki a matsayin cibiyar siyasa, gudanarwa, tattalin arziki, da al'adu ta ƙasar. A cewar ƙidayar jama'a ta 2022, birnin yana da yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 1.76, yayin da babban yankin birni ya wuce mutane miliyan 2.2, wanda ya kai kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na jimillar yawan jama'ar Laberiya kuma yana wakiltar yankin da ya fi yawan jama'a a ƙasar.

An kafa birnin a shekarar 1822 ta ƙungiyar Turawan Mulkin Mallaka ta Amurka a matsayin matsuguni ga 'yan Afirka 'yan asalin ƙasar da suka riga suka zama bayi kuma aka sanya musu suna bayan James Monroe, shugaban ƙasar Amurka na biyar. Monrovia ta zama babban birnin Jamhuriyar Laberiya bayan ayyana 'yancin kai na ƙasar a shekarar 1847. Matsugunin farko ya ta'allaka ne a Tsibirin Providence kafin faɗaɗa zuwa babban yankin ƙasar, kuma birnin ya ci gaba da zama babban cibiyar ikon siyasa da gudanarwa a ƙarni na 19 da 20.

Monrovia tana karɓar bakuncin gwamnatin ƙasa ta Laberiya, manyan cibiyoyin gwamnati, ofisoshin diflomasiyya na ƙasashen waje, da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Freeport ta Monrovia ita ce babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ta ƙasar kuma muhimmin ɓangare na tattalin arzikinta. Ayyukan tattalin arziki sun haɗa da ayyukan tashar jiragen ruwa, masana'antu, ayyuka, da kuma babban ɓangaren da ba na yau da kullun ba. Birnin kuma yana aiki a matsayin babban cibiyar ilimi, kafofin watsa labarai, da rayuwar al'adu ta Laberiya.

Monrovia ta fuskanci ƙaruwar yawan jama'a cikin sauri a lokacin yaƙin basasar Liberia (1989-2003), wanda galibi ya samo asali ne daga ƙaura daga yankunan karkara. Rikicin ya haifar da lalacewar kayayyakin more rayuwa da ayyukan jama'a. Tun bayan ƙarshen yaƙe-yaƙe, birnin ya fuskanci sake ginawa a hankali da kuma ci gaba da faɗaɗa birane, yayin da yake fuskantar ƙalubale da suka shafi gidaje, tsafta, sufuri, da rashin daidaito a fannin tattalin arziki.

Asalin Ma'anar

An sanya wa Monrovia suna ne don girmama Shugaban Amurka James Monroe, fitaccen mai goyon bayan mulkin mallaka na Laberiya da kuma Ƙungiyar Mulkin Mallaka ta Amurka (ACS). Tare da Washington, DC, tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen duniya guda biyu da aka sanya wa suna bayan shugaban Amurka. Sunan Monrovia na asali shine Christopolis har zuwa 1824, shekaru biyu kacal bayan kafa birnin.

Karin kalmar "-via" ta fito ne daga allahn Edoidi- Benin na Yammacin Afirka Ovia wanda ke jagorantar zaman lafiya da wadata, ko kuma wata mace ta tatsuniyar Ovia ta kabilar Uhen, wacce ta shahara da kyawunta mai girma, ƙa'idodi marasa canzawa, da kuma auren Sarkin Daular Oyo .

Tarihi

Monrovia a ƙarni na 19.

Kafin shekarar 1816, yankin da ke kewaye da Cape Mesurado da bakin Kogin Mesurado ana kiransa Ducor. An daɗe ana kafa shi a matsayin mahadar hanya da kuma wurin kasuwanci wanda al'ummomin kamun kifi, ciniki da noma na ƙabilu daban-daban ke zaune, ciki har da Dey, Kru, Bassa, Gola, da Vai . Mai zane-zanen zane-zane na Faransa kuma mai cinikin bayi Chevalier des Marchais ya ziyarci Ducor da Cape a shekarar 1723, ya gudanar da kasuwanci a can kuma daga baya ya buga taswirar yankin.

A shekarar 1821, da nufin kafa wani yanki mai wadatar kai ga mutanen da ba su da launin fata daga Amurka, wani abu da aka riga aka cimma tare da Baƙar fata 'Yan Burtaniya a Freetown, rukunin farko na 'yan Afirka-Amurka sun isa Yammacin Afirka daga Amurka a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ƙungiyar Mulkin Mallaka ta Amurka tare da goyon bayan gwamnatin Amurka. Sun sauka a Tsibirin Sherbro, wani ɓangare na Saliyo ta zamani.

A ranar 7 ga Janairu 1822, wani jirgin ruwa ya kai waɗannan mazauna zuwa Tsibirin Dazoe (wanda yanzu ake kira Tsibirin Providence) a bakin Kogin Mesurado. Daga baya suka sauka a gabar tekun Cape Mesurado, suka kafa wani matsuguni da suka kira Christopolis .

Tekun Atlantika kamar yadda aka gani daga Monrovia.

Monrovia tana kan yankin Cape Mesurado, tsakanin Tekun Atlantika da Kogin Mesurado, wanda bakinsa ya samar da babban tashar jiragen ruwa ta halitta. Sojojin Amurka sun faɗaɗa tashar jiragen ruwan sosai a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu . Kogin Saint Paul yana arewacin birnin kai tsaye kuma yana da iyaka ta arewa ta Tsibirin Bushrod, wanda ake isa ta hanyar ketare "Sabuwar Gada" daga tsakiyar birnin Monrovia. Monrovia tana cikin gundumar Montserrado kuma ita ce birni mafi girma a Laberiya a matsayin cibiyar gudanarwa, kasuwanci da kuɗi.

Yanayi

An rarraba yanayin Monrovia a matsayin yanayi mai zafi na damina ( Am ) a cikin rarrabuwar yanayi ta Köppen . Ita ce babban birnin da ya fi danshi a duniya, inda ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ke kaiwa matsakaicin 182 inches (4,600 mm) . Yana da lokacin damina da lokacin bushewa amma yana samun ruwan sama ko da a lokacin rani. Yanayin zafi yana da daidaito a duk shekara, matsakaicinsa kusan 79.5 °F (26.4 °C) . Ƙananan bambance-bambancen kawai suna cikin yanayin zafi mai yawa, wanda yake kusa da 81 °F (27 °C) a lokacin hunturu kuma kusan 90 °F (32 °C) a lokacin rani. Yawancin lokaci, zafi yana tsakanin 72 and 75 °F (22 and 24 °C) duk shekara.

Mutane masu shahara

• Mary Antoinette Brown-Sherman (1926–2004), malamar Liberia kuma mace ta farko da ta zama shugabar Jami'ar Liberia
• Prince Johnson, ɗan siyasan Liberia
• Clarence Kparghai, ɗan wasan hockey na kankara na ƙasar Switzerland
• Janjay Lowe, wanda aka fi sani da Mon Rovîa, mawaki kuma mawaƙiya 'yar Afro-Appalachian daga Liberia
• Sio Moore, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka
• Darlington Nagbe, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka
• Aloysius Wleh Penie, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Liberia
• Massimo Pigliucci (an haife shi a shekarar 1964), masanin ilimin halittu da juyin halitta
• Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, tsohuwar shugabar Liberia
• Takun J, mawakin Liberia
• Charles Taylor, tsohon shugaban Liberia
• Benoni Urey, ɗan kasuwan Liberia
• George Weah, tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Liberia
• Ashton Youboty, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka
• Gus Edwards, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka

Tattalin Arziki

Shagon sayar da kaya a tsakiyar Monrovia

Tattalin arzikin Monrovia ya mamaye ta hanyar faɗaɗa tashar jiragen ruwanta - Freeport of Monrovia - kuma a matsayin wurin da ofisoshin gwamnatin Laberiya ke. Manyan kayayyakin da birnin ke fitarwa sun haɗa da latex da ma'adinan ƙarfe, kuma kamun kifi yana ba da muhimmiyar gudummawa ga tattalin arziki, kodayake kamun kifi ba shi da aminci kuma kiyasin gida ya nuna cewa har zuwa kwanan nan mutane biyar suna mutuwa a kowane wata a bakin teku.

Sufuri

Tashar Filin Jirgin Sama ta Duniya ta Roberts

Jiragen ruwa suna haɗa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Freeport ta Monrovia da ke birnin, tashar jiragen ruwa mafi cunkoso a ƙasar, da Greenville da Harper . Filin jirgin sama mafi kusa shine Filin jirgin saman Spriggs Payne, wanda ke ƙasa da mil huɗu ( 4 miles (6.4 km) ) daga tsakiyar birnin. Filin jirgin saman Roberts International, babban filin jirgin saman duniya a Laberiya, yana da 37 miles (60 km) nesa da Harbel .

Monrovia tana da alaƙa da sauran ƙasar ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyoyi da layin dogo. An lissafa Monrovia a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa ta gida tsakanin kashi goma zuwa goma sha biyar na jigilar kayayyaki na 'yan kasuwa a duniya, waɗanda aka yi rijista a Laberiya a ƙarƙashin shirin Tutar Sauƙi . Tasi da ƙananan motoci masu zaman kansu suna aiki a cikin birnin, kuma ana ƙara musu manyan motocin bas waɗanda Hukumar Sufuri ta Monrovia ke gudanarwa.