Nicolas de Gabaret

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Gabriel-Jean Nicolas Gabaret de Saint-Sornin (18 ga Agusta 1641 - 25 ga Yuni 1712)wani jami'in mulkin mallaka ne na Faransa wanda ya kasance gwamnan Grenada a Yammacin Indies na Faransa,sannan sama da shekaru ashirin yana gwamna Martinique.Ya kasance mataimakin babban hakimin Antilles na Faransa,kuma sau biyu yana rike da mukamin gwamna janar na Antilles na Faransa.A shekarar da ta gabata ya zama gwamnan Saint-Domingue

Shekarun farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An haifi Gabriel-Jean Nicolas Gabaret a ranar 18 ga Agusta 1641 a Saint-Martin-de-Ré,Charente-Maritime.Iyayensa sune Mathurin Gabaret (1602-1671),Laftanar Janar na sojojin ruwa da Marie Baron.A ranar 10 Afrilu 1673 ya auri Marie-Anne Grassineau des Enfrais des Essarts a La Rochelle,Charente-Maritime. Sun haifi 'ya'ya bakwai.[1]Ta hanyar aurensa ya zama mai kula da Saint-Sornin( fr )a sashen Vendée.Ɗansu,kuma Gabriel-Jean-Nicolas de Gabaret,ya gaji gidan sarauta na Saint-Sornin.[2]

Gwamnan Grenada[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An nada Gabaret gwamnan Grenada na sarki a 1680.[1] Gabaret ya kasance mai hannun jari a matatar sukari na Mouillage akan Martinique,kamar yadda Marquis de Maintenon ya kasance.A shekara ta 1683,an ba da sunayen su duka a cikin gunaguni game da cinikin haramtacciyar hanya a tsibirin.Hanya daya da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce ta loda sukari a Martinique,a bayyana adadin da ake fitarwa zuwa ga jami’in kwastam na gida,a tashi zuwa yankin Ingilishi na tsibirin Saint Christopher a sayar da shi,sannan a maye gurbinsa da sukari daga yankin Faransa na tsibirin sannan a ci gaba da zuwa Faransa.Sarkin ya san haramtacciyar fatauci amma ba zai iya yin kome ba don tabbatar da doka.[3]

Gwamnan Martinique[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin watan Yuli na 1689 sarki ya nada Charles de Pechpeyrou-Comminges de Guitaut gwamnan tsibirin Saint Christopher kuma ya ba shi mukamin laftanar janar na tsibiran Amurka,wanda mutuwar Claude de Roux de Saint-Laurent ya rabu da shi.[4]A ranar 16 ga Yuni 1689 Louis XIV ya nada Gabaret gwamnan Martinique a madadin Guitaut.[5]Gabaret ya shigar da baturin Saint-Nicolas don kare bakin tekun Saint-Pierre.[6] [lower-alpha 1]

A cikin 1693 Gabaret da gwamna Janar Charles de Courbon de Blénac sun kori turawan Ingila lokacin da suka yi yunkurin mamayewa da karfin mazaje 4,000. [7]Yakin Ingila karkashin Admiral Francis Wheler yana da jiragen yaki 15 3 jiragen wuta na kashe gobara 28 da sojoji kusan 2,000,wanda Barbados ya kara wasu maza 1,000.[8] Gabaret an shirya don kare Saint Pierre a kan Ingilishi,amma a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 1693 sun ketare garin suka ci gaba da kare Cul-de-Sac Marin a kudu maso gabashin tsibirin.[9] Turawan Ingila sun mamaye wani babban yanki da 'yan adawa kadan.Ƙarfafa turancin Ingilishi a ƙarƙashin Kyaftin Janar Christopher Codrington ya isa cikin makonni biyu,amma haɗin gwiwar ba su shiga cikin mummunan fada ba.[8]Bature ya ɗauki bayi 3,000 baƙar fata,wanda aka kiyasta akan £ 60,000.Sun kai hari mara inganci a kan Saint Pierre,sannan suka bar tsibirin.[8]Gabaret an mai da shi chevalier na Order of Saint Louis a 1701.[1]

Mukaddashin gwamna janar[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Charles de Pechpeyrou-Comminges de Guitaut,mukaddashin gwamnan Antilles,ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1702.A ranar 17 ga Satumba 1702 aka nada Gabaret mukaddashin laftanar gwamna har zuwa lokacin da Charles-François de Machault de Belmont ya isa Martinique a ranar 4 ga Maris 1703.[10]

A lokacin Yaƙin Mulkin Mutanen Espanya,a ranar 6 ga Maris 1703 wani jirgin ruwa na Ingila mai ɗauke da jiragen ruwa 45 ɗauke da sojoji 4,000 da sojoji 4,000 sun isa Guadeloupe,wanda gwamna Charles Auger ya yi ƙoƙarin kare shi daga manyan sojojin Ingila.[3]A ƙarshen Maris Machault de Bellemont ya isa Martinique yana kawo haɓakar Gabaret zuwa na biyu a matsayin kwamandan Antilles ( laftanar du roi au gouvernement général ) a madadin Guitaut.[3][11] Ya sami mai son Robert yana tattara abubuwan ƙarfafawa don Guadeloupe.[3]Gabaret ya isa Guadeloupe tare da ƙarfafawa a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1703 kuma ya dauki kwamandan tsaro.[3]Mataimakansa na sansanin sune Bonnaventure-François de Boisfermé,gwamnan Marie-Galante,da biyu daga cikin hadiman sarki Louis Gaston de Cacqueray de Valmenier da Jean Clair Dyel Du Parquet.[12]Gabaret ya yi amfani da dabarun da ba za a iya amfani da shi ba a Guadeloupe, yana lalata albarkatu kafin ya dawo daga mahara zuwa cikin gida,sannan ya tursasa su yayin da cututtuka,sha da rashin abinci ya rage musu karfi.[3]Hanyar taka tsantsan na Gabaret ya ba Ingilishi lokaci don haifar da babbar illa ga tsibirin. [11] > Barnar da aka yi wa masu shukar ba su yi farin ciki sosai ba.[3]Ya yi tasiri.Turawan Ingila sun janye sojojinsu a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1703 kuma suka tashi daga jirgin ruwa bayan kwanaki uku.[3]

Machault ya mutu a Martinique a ranar 7 ga Janairu 1709. [13] An sake nada Gabaret a matsayin gwamna janar.[13]

Shekarun baya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Raymond Balthazar Phélypeaux an nada shi gwamna kuma Laftanar-janar na tsibiran Faransa da babban yankin, kuma an karbe shi a Martinique a ranar 3 ga Janairu 1711. [13]Phélypeaux ya gano cewa Gabaret ya ƙyale garu da batura na Martinique ya bar shekaru biyu.Ya fara aiki a kan maido da tsaro,kuma a lokacin da Gabaret ya ki amincewa da umarninsa ya dakatar da shi a ranar[12]ga Afrilu 1711.Gabaret ya mutu bayan an nada shi gwamnan Saint Domingue don samun ladan ayyukansa.[12]Ya mutu a Saint Domingue a ranar 25 ga Yuni 1712.[1]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Arbanère.
  2. ↑ G. de C. 1876.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Pritchard 2004.
  4. ↑ Dangeau 1854.
  5. ↑ Dessalles 1847c.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lange.
  7. ↑ d'Aspect 1780.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Morgan 1930.
  9. ↑ Marley 2005.
  10. ↑ Saint-Méry 1784.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Marcillac 1846.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Dessalles 1847b.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 R.B. 1859.


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