Pluto

 

Pluto
Observation (en)
Apparent magnitude (en)	15.1
Absolute magnitude (en)	−0.7
Parent astronomical body (en)	rana
Discoverer (en)	Clyde Tombaugh (en)
Time of discovery or invention (en)	Fabrairu 18, 1930 (1930-02-18)
Wurin binciken sararin samaniya	Lowell Observatory (en)
Minor planet group (en)	objeto transnetuniano (mul)
Suna saboda	Pluto (mul)
JPL Small-Body Database (en)
Orbit (en)
Apoapsis (en)	49.31 AU 7,376,671,004.22 km
Periapsis (en)	29.667 AU 4,438,120,030.06 km
Semi-major axis of an orbit (en)	39.48211675 AU
Orbital eccentricity (en)	0.24880766
Orbital period (en)	90,553.02 rana
Synodic period (en)	366.73 rana
Mean anomaly (en)	25.2471897 °
Orbital inclination (en)	17.14001206 ° 11.88 °
Longitude of the ascending node (en)	110.30393684 °
Argument of periapsis (en)	224.06891629 °
Physics (en)
Radius (en)	1,185 km
Diameter (en)	2,376 km
Flatness (en)	1
Nauyi	13.05 Yg
Mass density (en)	1.85 g/cm³
Effective temperature (en)	33 K 44 K 55 K
Albedo	0.6 0.58
Navigation (en)
« (134339) 5628 T-3 (mul)  • (134341) 1979 MA (mul)  »

Pluto ( ƙanƙanta na duniya : 134340 Pluto ) dwarf planet ( wadar duniya) ne a cikin bel Kuiper, zoben jikin da ya wuce kewayen Neptune. Shine abu na tara mafi girma kuma na goma-mafi girman sanannen abu don kewaya Rana kai tsaye. Shi ne mafi girma da aka sani trans-Neptunian abu ta girma, ta ɗan ƙaramin gefe, amma ya ɗan fi girma fiye da Eris. Kamar sauran abubuwan bel na Kuiper, Pluto an yi shi ne da ƙanƙara da dutse kuma ya fi ƙanƙanta da taurari na ciki. Idan aka kwatanta da duniyar wata, Pluto yana da kashi ɗaya kawai na shida da girmansa ɗaya bisa uku.

Pluto yana da tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin tsaka- tsaki kuma yana karkata kewayawa, kama daga raka'a 30 to 49 astronomical units (4.5×10^⁹ to 7.3×10^⁹ km; 2.8×10^⁹ to 4.6×10^⁹ mi) daga Rana. Haske daga Rana yana ɗaukar sa'o'i 5.5 don isa Pluto a matsakaicin nisa ( 39.5 astronomical units (5.91×10^⁹ km; 3.67×10^⁹ mi) ). Pluto's eccentric orbit lokaci-lokaci yana kawo shi kusa da Rana fiye da Neptune, amma tsayayyen ra'ayi na orbital yana hana su yin karo.

Pluto yana da sanannun watanni biyar : Charon, mafi girma, wanda diamita ya wuce rabin na Pluto; Styx ; Nix ; Kerberos ; da Hydra . A wasu lokuta ana ɗaukar Pluto da Charon a matsayin tsarin binary saboda wurin da ke kewayen su ba ya kwanta a jikin ko wannensu, kuma ana kulle su sosai. Aikin New Horizons shine jirgin farko da ya ziyarci Pluto da watanninsa, inda ya yi tashi a watan Yuli. 14, 2015 da ɗaukar cikakken ma'auni da lura.

Clyde W. Tombaugh ne ya gano Pluto a cikin 1930, wanda ya sa ya zama abu na farko da aka sani a cikin Kuiper belt. Nan da nan aka yaba da shi a matsayin Duniyar ta tara. Koyaya, : An yi tambaya game da matsayinta na duniya 27 lokacin da aka gano ya fi karami fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Wadannan shakku sun karu bayan gano ƙarin abubuwa a cikin belin Kuiper tun daga shekarun 1990, musamman ma mafi girman abu mai rarraba Eris a cikin 2005. A shekara ta 2006, Ƙungiyar Astronomical ta <i id="mwzw">duniya</i> (IAU) ta sake bayyana kalmar duniyar don cire ƙananan taurari kamar Pluto. Yawancin masu binciken taurari, duk da haka, suna ci gaba da la'akari da Pluto da sauran ƙananan taurari a matsayin taurari.

Tarihi

Bincike

 

Hotunan ganowa na Pluto

A cikin shekarun 1840, Urbain Le Verrier ya yi amfani da Injiniyan Newtonian don yin hasashen matsayin duniyar Neptune da ba a gano ba bayan nazarin rikice-rikice a cikin orbit na Uranus. Binciken da ya biyo baya na Neptune a ƙarshen karni na 19 ya jagoranci masu binciken taurari suyi hasashen cewa wata duniyar da ba Neptune ba ta damu da zagaye na Uranus.

A cikin 1906, Percival Lowell - wani attajiri na Boston wanda ya kafa Lowell Observatory a Flagstaff, Arizona, a cikin 1894 - ya fara wani babban aiki don neman yiwuwar Duniyar X tara, wanda ya kira "Planet X". A shekara ta 1909, Lowell da William H. Pickering sun ba da shawarar da dama daga cikin abubuwan da za su iya zama na sama don irin wannan duniyar. Lowell da cibiyarsa sun gudanar da bincikensa, ta amfani da lissafin lissafi da Elizabeth Williams ta yi, har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1916, amma ba su da amfani. Ba a san Lowell ba, bincikensa ya kama hotuna biyu na Pluto a ranar 19 ga Maris da 7 ga Afrilu, 1915, amma ba a gane su da abin da suke ba. Akwai wasu sanannun abubuwan lura da aka sani, tare da farkon da Yerkes Observatory ya yi a ranar 20 ga Agusta, 1909.