Puroik language

 

Harshen Puroik (wanda ake kira Sulung, kalma ce mai banƙyama, ta wasu kabilun) yare ne mai yiwuwa da Mutanen Puroik na Arunachal Pradesh ke magana a Indiya da kuma Lhünzê County, Tibet, a China.

Baya ga yarensu, Puroik suna amfani da Nishi, Hindi, da Assamese. Ilimi yana da ƙarancin gaske, a kusan 2%. Wadanda suka iya karatu da rubutu suna amfani da Rubutun Bengali, Devanagari ko haruffa na Latin don rubuta Puroik.

Yankin rarraba

Remsangpuja (2008:17) ya lissafa ƙauyukan Puroik kaɗan. A halin yanzu, ana ganin Puroik suna zaune a cikin gundumomi da da'irori masu zuwa na Arunachal Pradesh. Suna kuma zaune a yankunan Nyishi, Aka, da Miji.

• Gundumar Kameng ta Gabas: Chayangtajo, Pipu, Pakke Kessang, Lada, Bameng, Seijosa, Seppa, Sawa, Khenewa, da Pipu-Dipu (kimanin ƙauyuka 70)
• Gundumar Pakke-Kessang: Gundumar Pakistan-Kessanga da Seijosa
• Gundumar Kurung Kumey: Koloriang, Sarli, Damin, Parsi Parlo, Nyapin, Phassang, da Paniasang da'irori
• Gundumar Kra Daadi: da'irorin Palin, Tali, da Pipsorang
• Gundumar Papum Pare
• Gundumar Yammacin Kameng
• Gundumar Upper Subansiri: Taksing da'irar

A cewar Ethnologue, ana magana da Puroik a ƙauyuka 53 a gefen Kogin Par a Arunachal Pradesh .

Kogin Puroik yana daga cikin tafkin ruwa na Upper Subansiri River (西巴西区) zuwa tafkin ruwa ya Tawang River (Li 2005). Sunayen sun hada da pɯhā ɣutʹ (autonym) da suʹ loŋʹ (Bangni exonym). Akwai kimanin Puroik 3,000 a shekara ta 2002, wadanda gwamnatin kasar Sin ta rarraba su a matsayin kabilun Lhoba.

Harsuna

Lieberherr (2015) yayi la'akari da Puroik a matsayin sarkar yaren inda yaren da ke nesa da juna ba su da fahimta, yayin da yaren da suke kusa da juna suna da fahimta. Bambancin ciki Puroik kusan daidai yake da na reshen Kho-Bwa na Yamma. Lieberherr (2015) da Lieberherra & Bodt (2017) sun lissafa wadannan yarukan Puroik, wanda aka bayar a nan a cikin tsari na ƙasa daga gabas zuwa yamma.

• Yaren Kurung-Kumey: ana magana da shi a Gundumar Kurung Kumey, wanda ke gabashin Chayangtajo. Zai iya zama mafi kama da yaren Puroik da aka bayyana a Li Daqin (2004) da sauran kafofin Sinanci.
• Yaren Chayangtajo: ana magana da shi a Sanchu da ƙauyukan da ke kusa da shi na yankin Chayangtaja, gundumar Kameng ta Gabas, Arunachal Pradesh, Indiya ta 'yan daruruwan masu magana.
• Yaren Lasumpatte: ana magana da shi a ƙauyen Lasumpatte a Seijosa kusa da iyakar Assam . Yawancin mazauna kwanan nan sun yi ƙaura daga yankin Chayangtajo.
• Yaren Sario-Saria: ana magana da shi a ƙauyuka uku ta 'yan daruruwan masu magana.
• Yaren Rawa: ana magana da shi a ƙauyuka da yawa a ciki da kewayen Rawa ta 'yan daruruwan masu magana (wanda ke tsakanin Chayangtajo da Kojo-Rojo). Har ila yau ya haɗa da ƙauyen Poube .
• Yaren Kojo-Rojo: ana magana da shi a ƙauyukan Kojo da Rojo, kuma mai yiwuwa a ƙauyen Jarkam (wanda za'a iya fahimta tare da yaren Puroik da ake magana a wasu ƙauyuka a cikin da'irar Lada).
• Yaren Bulu: ana magana ne kawai a ƙauyen Bulu ta masu magana 7-20.

Rarraba

Lieberherr & Bodt (2017) classify Puroik as Kho-Bwa, and has traditionally been considered to be a Sino-Tibetan language. There is some mutual intelligibility with Bugun, and Burling (2003) grouped it with Bugun and Sherdukpen, and possibly with Lish and Sartang.

James A. Matisoff (2009) ya ɗauki Puroik a matsayin harshen Tibeto-Burman wanda ya sami canje-canje masu sauti kamar:

• Hanci na Proto-Tibeto-Burman > murya
• Proto-Tibeto-Burman *-a > -i

Lieberherr (2015) ya kuma dauki Puroik a matsayin harshen Tibeto-Burman, kodayake ya lura cewa mai yiwuwa ya aro daga harsunan da ba na Tibet-Burman ba. , Roger Blench (2011) ya ɗauki Puroik a matsayin yare mai zaman kansa.