Rikicin muhalli
 Rikicin muhalli | |
|---|---|
type of conflict (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
social conflict (en) |
| Muhimmin darasi |
environmental degradation (en) |
| Participant (en) |
Kare haƙƙin muhalli, environmental organization (en) da extractive industry (en) |
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Rikicin muhalli, wani rikici ne dake haifar da Gurɓacewar muhalli a yayin da ake tafka barna a kan albarkatun muhalli. [1][2][3][1] Yawancin bangarori da yawa sun shiga ciki, har da wandanda Suke kare muhalli. waɗanda ke son kare muhalli, da waɗanda ke sarrafa yanayin don wani abu dabam, galibi masana'antar hakowa. [2] Rashin sarrafa albarkatun muhalli na iya haifar da amfani da yawa ko kuma fitar da albarkatun da za a iya sabuntawa (watau kifin kifaye ko saren gandun daji ), yana haifar da wuce gona da iri kan ikon muhalli don magance gurɓacewa da sauran abubuwan da ake buƙata, ko kuma lalata sararin rayuwa ga ɗan adam da yanayi.
Sau da yawa waɗannan rikice-rikice suna mayar da hankali kan batutuwan adalci na muhalli da suka shafi haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasa, haƙƙin manoma ko barazana ga sauran rayuwa, kamar na masunta ko al'ummomin da suka dogara da albarkatun ƙasa na teku.
Rikicin muhalli, musamman Kuma a cikin mahallin da al'ummomi suka yi gudun hijira don haifar da ƙaura na muhalli ko rikice-rikice na yanki, na iya haɓaka rikice-rikice na wasu rikice-rikice, tashin hankali ko martani ga bala'i. [1]
Yawan yawa da nau'ikan rikice-rikice.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wata takarda ta shekarar 2020, ta zana muhawara da damuwar masu kare muhalli a cikin rigingimu sama da 2743, da aka samu a cikin Muhalli Atlas (EJAtlas).
Binciken ya gano cewa mafi yawan kalubalen sassan masana'antu a cikin rikice-rikicen muhalli sune bangaren ma'adinai (21%), bangaren makamashin burbushin halittu (17%), biomass da amfanin kasa (15%), da kula da ruwa (14%). [2] Kashe masu kare muhalli ya faru a cikin kashi 13% na lamuran da Kuma aka ruwaito. [2]
Haka kuma an sami bambanci daban-daban a cikin nau'ikan rikice-rikicen da aka samu a kasashe masu tasowa da masu karamin karfi, tare da karin rikice-rikicen da suka shafi kiyayewa, halittu da filaye, da sarrafa ruwa a kasashe masu karamin karfi, sannan yayin da a kasashe masu samun kudin shiga kusan rabin rikice-rikice sun mayar da hankali kan sharar gida. gudanarwa, yawon shakatawa, makamashin nukiliya, yankunan masana'antu, da sauran ayyukan more rayuwa. Har ila yau binciken ya gano cewa yawancin rikice-rikicen suna farawa ne da ƙungiyoyin gida da suka tsara kansu don kare kai daga cin zarafi, tare da mai da hankali kan dabarun da ba na tashin hankali ba. [2]
Masu kare ruwa da masu kare filaye da aka mayar da hankali kan kare haƙƙin ƴan asalin ana tuhumar su da laifi fiye da na sauran rikice-rikice.
Magance rikice-rikice.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wani fanni na musamman na warware rikice-rikice mai suna Resolution Resolution na Muhalli, yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa don raguwa da warware rikice-rikicen muhalli. Kuma A matsayin wani fanni na aiki, mutanen da ke aiki a kan warware rikice-rikice suna mayar da hankali kan haɗin gwiwa, da gina yarjejeniya tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki. [4] Binciken irin waɗannan matakan ƙuduri ya gano cewa mafi kyawun tsinkaya na ƙudurin nasara ya isa tuntuɓar duk bangarorin da abin ya shafa.
Sukar.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasu malaman suna sukar mayar da hankali kan albarkatun kasa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin bayanin rikice-rikicen muhalli. Sau da yawa waɗannan hanyoyin suna mayar da hankali kan tallace-tallace na muhallin halitta wanda bai yarda da ƙimar ingantaccen muhalli ba . [5]
Duba wasu abubuwan.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli ta Amurka don magance rikice-rikice.
- Kididdigar Rikici da Muhalli.
- Rikicin rarraba muhalli.
Manazarta.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Libiszewski, Stephan. "What is an Environmental Conflict?." Journal of Peace Research 28.4 (1991): 407-422.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Scheidel, Arnim; Del Bene, Daniela; Liu, Juan; Navas, Grettel; Mingorría, Sara; Demaria, Federico; Avila, Sofía; Roy, Brototi; Ertör, Irmak; Temper, Leah; Martínez-Alier, Joan (2020-07-01). "Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview". Global Environmental Change (in Turanci). 63: 102104. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102104. ISSN 0959-3780. PMC 7418451. PMID 32801483.
- ↑ Lee, James R. (2019-06-12), "What is a field and why does it grow? Is there a field of environmental conflict?", Environmental Conflict and Cooperation, Routledge, pp. 69–75, doi:10.4324/9781351139243-9, ISBN 978-1-351-13924-3, S2CID 198051009, retrieved 2022-02-18
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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