Sansanin Boiro

Sansanin Boiro
internment camp (en) da sansani
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Gine
Wuri
9°32′13″N 13°41′08″W
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Gine
Region of Guinea (en)	Conakry Region (en)
Birni	Conakry

wani yanki gidan yarin bairo na kasar Guinea

Sansanin Boiro ko Sansanin Mamadou Boiro (1960 - 1984), Wani sansanin fursunoni ne na Guinea da ke cikin garin Conakry. A lokacin mulkin Shugaba Ahmed Sékou Touré, an daure dubban abokan hamayyar siyasa a sansanin. An yi kiyasin cewa kusan mutane 5,000 aka kashe ko suka mutu daga azaba ko yunwa a sansanin. A cewar wasu ƙididdigar, adadin waɗanda abin ya shafa ya ninka har sau goma: 50,000.

Shekarun farko

Ahmed Sékou Touré

Sékou Touré ya zama shugaban Guinea lokacin da ƙasar ta sami independenceancin kai daga Faransa a shekarar 1958. Tsawon shekarun da suka biyo baya, mulkinsa ya zama mai matukar danniya, yana tsananta wa shugabannin adawa da masu adawa da shi daga cikin Jam’iyyar Guinean Democratic Party (PDG) mai mulki. Sansanin, wanda ke tsakiyar Conakry, asalin sa ana kiransa Sansanin Camyenne. Hakan ya mamaye Garkuwar Republican a karkashin mulkin mallakar Faransa. An gina shingen kurkukun siyasa a cikin sansanin tare da taimako daga gwamnatin Czechoslovak. A cikin shekarar 1961 kwamandan ya sa an rage windows a girmansu, tunda sun yi girma da yawa ga mazajen da aka yanke musu hukunci. An sauya wa sansanin suna Sansanin Mamadou Boiro a shekarar 1969 domin girmamawa ga wani kwamishinan ‘yan sanda da aka jefo daga helikofta da yake jigilar fursunoni daga Labé zuwa Conakry.

An yi amfani da sansanin don zubar da abokan adawar Touré. Achkar Marof, dan wasan kwaikwayo kuma tsohon jakadan Guinea a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, an sake tuna shi zuwa Guinea a 1968, an kama shi kuma an daure shi a Sansanin Boiro. Ya ɗan sami 'yanci a yunƙurin juyin mulkin 1970. Iyalinsa sun koya a cikin 1985 cewa an harbe shi a 26 Janairu 1971. Makircin da ake kira Labé, wanda ke da alaƙa da mulkin mallaka na Faransa, an gano shi a cikin Fabrairu 1969. Touré yayi amfani da wannan makircin don tsarkake sojoji kuma ya kashe aƙalla mutane 13. An kama mutane 87 kuma aka tsare a sansanin, ciki har da Ministan Tattalin Arziki & Kudi, Diawadou Barry. Biyu, Mouctar Diallo da Namory Keïta, sun mutu ne saboda yunwa da rashin ruwa kwanaki bayan kame su. An kuma kama Fodéba Keïta, tsohon Ministan Tsaro saboda zargin hada baki a shirin na Labé. An harbe shi bayan an tilasta masa yunwa a ranar 27 ga Mayu 1969.

Bayan yunkurin juyin mulki na 1970

A ranar 21 ga Nuwamba Nuwamba 1970, Sojojin Fotigal da ke zaune a makwabciyar kasar Portugal Guinea, tare da taimakon ‘yan adawar Guinea, suka aiwatar da Operation Green Sea, wani gagarumin hari kan Conakry da nufin cimma wasu manufofin soja da siyasa, gami da‘ yantar da POWs na Portugal da yunkurin don kifar da gwamnatin Touré. Sun kame Sansanin Boiro kuma sun 'yantar da fursunonin. Babban kwamandan sansanin Siaka Touré ya yi nasarar buya, amma an kama Janar Lansana Diané, Ministan Tsaro. Daga baya ya tsere kuma ya nemi mafaka tare da jakadan Algeria. Yunkurin juyin mulkin bai yi nasara ba, kuma a bayan haka an tara masu adawa da gwamnatin da yawa kuma aka saka su a kurkuku a Sansanin Boiro. A ranar 23 ga Disamba 1970, aka kama Bishop na Conakry, Raymond-Marie Tchidimbo, kuma daga baya ya yi “furci”. Tchidimbo daga baya ya rubuta littafi game da shekaru 8, watanni 8 da ya yi a sansanin. Alassane Diop, wanda asalinsa dan kasar Senegal ne, tsohon Ministan Yada Labarai a Guinea an kama shi kuma an tsare shi a Sansanin Boiro na tsawon shekaru goma, yana komawa Senegal bayan sake shi.

Loffo Camara, ɗayan waɗanda abin ya shafa, a Yammacin Jamus, 1962

An bai wa fursunonin abinci kadan ban da guntun burodi kwatankwacin kwalin ashana da safe, da kuma lada na shinkafa a fili wacce aka dafa a cikin ruwa mai datti da yamma. Babu wani nama sai ranakun da Touré ke yin wasu sadaukarwa. Daga watan Janairun 1971 kwamitin juyin juya hali karkashin jagorancin Ismaël Touré, kani ga Sékou Touré kuma ministan Tattalin Arziki. An sanya wasu fursunoni a kan "abincin baki", ma'ana ba abinci ko ruwa har sai sun mutu. Fursunoni za su iya nuna jaruntaka kawai ta hanyar kin yin ikirari yayin zaman azabtarwa, da kuma kin rokon abinci lokacin da aka sanya su a kan bakar abincin. An rataye Loffo Camara, tsohon Sakataren Harkokin Jiha na Harkokin Tattalin Arziki, a 25 ga Janairun 1971, mace daya tilo da aka kashe a lokacin. A cewar El Hadj Ibrahima Diane, fursuna na tsawon shekaru, daga watan Yunin 1972 har zuwa watan Agusta 1973 aƙalla an ɗauki gawawwaki huɗu daga ɗakunan kowace rana kuma aka jefa su cikin manyan kaburbura a bayan gidan yarin.

A shekarar 1975, Faransa ta amince ta maido da huldar jakadanci bayan an saki fursunonin Faransa daga sansanin. Wannan ya rage matsin lamba akan Touré. Littafin Prison D'Afrique na Jean-Paul Alata, wanda ya tsira daga sansanin, an hana shi bugawa a Faransa kuma dole ne a buga shi a Belgium. Arin tsare-tsare ya biyo bayan shekaru masu zuwa. Diallo Telli sanannen ɗan siyasa ne, mai biyayya ga tsarin mulki, kuma tsohon Sakatare Janar na Kungiyar Hadin Kan Afirka (OAU). Ya koma Guinea a 1972 kuma aka nada shi Ministan Shari'a. A ranar 18 ga Yulin 1976, Diallo Telli aka kama shi a gidansa kuma aka tsare shi a Sassanin Boiro. A watan Fabrairun 1977 aka kawar da fitattun fursunoni biyar ta hanyar cin abincin baƙar fata: Diallo Telli, tsoffin ministoci Barry Alpha Oumar da Dramé Alioune, da hafsoshin soja Diallo Alhassana da Kouyate Laminé. A wata mai zuwa wasu mutane biyar suka mutu saboda yunwa.

Kamawa da mutuwa suka ci gaba. A watan Agusta 1979 Bah Mamadou, ɗan asalin ƙasar Labé da ya ƙaura zuwa Faransa, ya dawo don ziyarci iyalinsa. Da ya shigo ƙasar daga Senegal, an kama duk waɗanda ke cikin motarsa ​​kuma aka ɗaure su a Sassanin Boiro. Takwas daga cikin matafiyan - duk banda Bah Mahmud da kansa - sun mutu daga baƙar fata a cikin wata ɗaya. A watan Satumba na shekarar 1983 gwamnati ta sanar da cewa sun gano wata makarkashiya ta zagon kasa ga taron OAU da aka shirya gudanarwa a Conakry shekara mai zuwa. An tsare mutane tamanin da ɗaya a Sassanin Boiro.

Legacy

Ofar Sassanin Boiro (2019)

Bayan mutuwar Sékou Touré a shekara ta 1984, sojoji sun karɓi mulki a juyin mulki kuma suka saki yawancin fursunonin siyasa a Sassanin Boiro. Da yawa daga cikin shugabannin tsohuwar gwamnatin an tsare su, sannan daga baya aka kashe su. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, ƙungiyar waɗanda aka Ci zarafinsu na Sassanin Boiro sun yi gwagwarmaya tsawon shekaru don kula da abin da ya faru. Majalisar ministocin ta fitar da sanarwa a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 1991 don gyaran sansanin da gina abin tunawa ga duk wadanda abin ya shafa, amma ba wani mataki da ya biyo baya. An hana ƙungiyar ta kafa gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin tsohon sansanin. A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2007, Bobo Dieng, wani tsohon babban jami'i a gwamnatin ta Touré, ya bayyana cewa mutane 117 ne kawai suka mutu a sansanin. Sai a shekarar 2009 ne shugaban rikon kwarya Moussa Dadis Camara ya gana da mambobin kungiyar.A waccan shekarar, aka fara rusa gine-ginen sansanin, amma ba a san ko za a kafa wani abin tunawa ba. Ya zuwa shekarar 2010, babu wani kwamitin bincike, kuma duk wasu takardu game da sansanin ba za a iya shiga ba ko kuma an lalata su.

Manazarta

Littattafan da aka ambata

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• Diawara, Manthia (2000). In search of Africa. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00408-6.
• Allamok, Egyesült (2008). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2007. Government Printing Office. U.S. Senate.
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Kara karantawa

• Jean-Paul Alata (1976). Prison d'Afrique. Cinq ans dans les geôles de Guinée. Editions Le Seuil. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
• Hervé Hamon et Patrick Rotman. (1977). L'affaire Alata. Editions Le Seuil. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2011-03-18.
• Jean-François Alata (1992). Alata, l'Africain Blanc. Editions L'Harmattan l. Archived from the original on 2018-01-27. Retrieved 2013-12-17.
• Ardo Ousmane Bâ (1986). Camp Boiro. Sinistre geôle de Sékou Touré. Editions L'Harmattanl. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2011-03-18.

• Almamy Fodé Sylla (1985). L'itinéraire sanglant. Editions ERTI. Archived from the original on 2014-12-26. Retrieved 2011-03-18.

• Charles E. Sorry (1999). Sékou Touré, l'ange exterminateur. Un passé à dépasser. Editions L'Harmattan. Archived from the original on 2018-01-27. Retrieved 2011-03-18.

• Claude Abou Diakité (1972). La Guinée enchaînée ou le livre noir de Sékou Touré. Editions D.A.C. Archived from the original on 2018-01-27. Retrieved 2013-12-17.

• Thierno Bah (1996). Mon combat pour la Guinée. Editions Karhtala. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2013-12-17.

• Thierno Bah (2009). 1954-1984, trente ans de violence politique en Guinée. Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-296-07282-4.

• Camara Kaba 41 (1998). Dans la Guinée de Sékou Touré : cela a bien eu lieu. Editions L'Harmattan. Archived from the original on 2014-12-25. Retrieved 2011-03-18.

• Kindo Touré (1987). Unique Survivant du " Complot Kaman-Fodéba ". Editions L'Harmattan. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2011-03-18.

• Mamadou Kolon Diallo (2011). Six Années au Camp Boiro pour avoir eu raison trop tôt. Phoenix Press International. Archived from the original on 2017-06-10. Retrieved 2013-12-17.

• Keita Koumandian (1984). Guinée 61. L'Ecole et la Dictature. Editions Nubia. Archived from the original on 2014-11-18. Retrieved 2011-03-18.

• Lamine Kamara (2012). Guinée : sous les verrous de la révolution : autobiographie. Editions L'Harmattan. Archived from the original on 2018-01-27. Retrieved 2013-12-17.

• Mahmoud Bah (1990). Construire la Guinée après Sékou Touré. Editions L'Harmattan. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2011-03-18.

• Adolf Marx (1976). Maudits soient ceux qui nous oublient. Derscheider Verlag. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2011-03-18.

• Maurice Jeanjean (2005). Sékou Touré : un totalitarisme africain. Editions L'Harmatan. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2011-03-18.

• Nadine Bari (2003). Guinée, les cailloux de la mémoire. Editions Karthala. Archived from the original on 2017-11-22. Retrieved 2015-02-13.

• Nadine Bari (1983). Grain de sable. Les combats d'une femme de disparu. Éditions du Centurion. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2011-03-18.

• Nadine Bari (1986). Noces d'absence. Éditions du Centurion. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2013-12-17.

• Nadine Bari (1994). Chroniques de Guinée : essai sur les années 90. Editions Karthala. Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2013-12-17.

• Nuria Mares i Vidal (2012). La Gambina. Une vie Nord-Sud. Editions Publibook. Archived from the original on 2018-01-27. Retrieved 2013-12-17.

• Sako Kondé (1974). Guinée, le temps des fripouilles. Editions La Pensée universelle. Archived from the original on 2014-11-01. Retrieved 2011-03-18.

Hanyoyin haɗin waje

• Camp Boiro Memorial (in French and English)

Fina-finai

• La danse avec l'aveugle. 1978
• Allah Tantou (God's Will) 1991