Sare dazuzzuka a British Columbia

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Sare dazuzzuka a British Columbia
aspect in a geographic region (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Facet of (en) Fassara Gandun daji
Ƙasa Kanada
Wuri
Map
 54°30′N 124°30′W / 54.5°N 124.5°W / 54.5; -124.5
Evan's Peak, British Columbia

Sake sare dazuzzuka a British Columbia ya faru da yawa a lokutan da suka gabata, amma tare da sabbin yunƙuri da shirye-shirye masu tabbatar adadin sare gandun daji yana raguwa a lardin. A British Columbia, dazuzzuka sun rufe sama da kadada miliyan 55, wanda shine kashi 57.9% na kadada miliyan 95 na British Columbia.[1] Dazuzzukan sun ƙunshi galibi (fiye da 80%) na itatuwan coniferous, kamar Pies, spruces da firs.[2]

Batutuwan Muhalli[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sare gandun daji yana da mummunan tasiri a kan muhallin British Columbia da bambancinsa duk da cewa ya zama dole don faɗaɗa yawan jama'a da fa'ida ga tattalin arzikin Kanada.

Fitar da iskar carbon da iskar gas[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Fitowar Carbon daga sare dazuzzuka lamari ne mai muhimmanci da za a duba tare da karuwar matsalar dumamar yanayi.[3] Kuma A halin yanzu, kusan kashi 4% na jimlar gas ɗin Green House (GHG) na shekara-shekara yana fitowa daga saren gandun daji, sannan Kuma wanda ke da ƙarancin kaso idan aka kwatanta da jimillar hayaƙin BC na GHG, kuma yana aiki kusan kadada 6,200 na ƙasar gandun dajin an canza zuwa maras kyau. - amfani da gandun daji a kowace shekara. Bangaren gandun daji na BC ya sami raguwa mai yawa a cikin adadin GHG daga amfani da burbushin mai da ake amfani da shi wajen sare dazuzzuka, inda ya ragu daga ton miliyan 4 na hayaƙin carbon a 1990 zuwa tan miliyan 1.8 a shekarata 2006.[4] Rage saran gandun daji na BC tsawon shekaru ya kasance mai kyau ga rage hayakin carbon, yayin da gandun daji ke tsaftace iska ta hanyar tattara carbon da gurɓataccen iska.

Bambance-bambancen iri[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai bambanta muhimmancin yanayi na gandun daji bc kuma aikin lalacewa na iya rage bambance-bambancen ta hanyar ɗaukar mahalli da jinsin dabbobi su zauna. A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan 116, wanda kusan kusan kashi 10% na nau'in halittu ne a cikin BC, waɗanda suke kan jerin abubuwan haɗin yanar gizon BC waɗanda suke da nau'in hadari da ke hade da gandun daji.[5] Abubuwan da suka faru na sare dazuzzukan kamar noma, bullo da nau'ikan halittu masu ban mamaki da samar da katako suna barazana ga nau'in. Bayan abubuwan da suka faru na sare dazuzzuka, sake dasa bishiyoyin ya kuma samu raguwar bambancin yawan nau'in bishiyar a kowane yanki saboda rinjayen bishiyoyi guda daya.[6] A halin yanzu, an sami sauye-sauye a dabarun sake dasaw nau'i daban-daban).[7]

Tsarin ƙasa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tsarin ƙasa yana shafar matakai daban-daban na sare dazuzzuka na cire bishiyoyi yayin da yake canza yawan amfanin ƙasa ta hanyar tattarawa ko cirewa. Sannna Kuma Ƙasar tana riƙe da fiye da abubuwan gina jiki da tsire-tsire a cikin dazuzzuka, ta ƙunshi abubuwa marasa ƙarfi, kwayoyin halitta, iska, ruwa, da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da macro-organisms. Aikin sare dazuzzuka ya bukaci sashen dazuzzuka su gina tituna, wanda hakan zai rage kasa mai albarka, don haka samun damar isa ga itatuwan da suka ragu daga kashi 4.6% na amfanin gonaki a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 zuwa kashi 3.5% a shekarar 2008. Sabbin tsauraran dokoki game da hargitsin ƙasa ya rage matuƙar rage yawan ɓarnar ƙasa zuwa yankin da aka girbe daga ayyukan tilastawa 43 a shekarata 1995 zuwa 3 kawai a cikin 2008. Kiyaye ƙasa wani muhimmin al'amari ne na muhalli da za a yi la'akari da shi yayin da yake kiyaye ingancin ruwa, haɓakar yanayin muhalli, da fa'idodin tattalin arziki na gaba. [8]

Ruwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ruwa wani muhimmin bangare ne ga yanayin dazuzzukan da suka hada da tsiro da nau'in dabbobin rayuwa, rafi, koguna da wuraren zama na tabkuna da kuma ayyukan mutane. Kuma Ayyukan sare dazuzzuka na iya shafar ingancin ruwa, yawan ruwa da kuma yanayin halittun ruwa dake cikin dazuzzuka.[9] Lokacin da saran gandun daji ke faruwa ta fannin gandun daji, sannan Kuma za a iya shafar ingancin ruwa ta hanyar lalata, gurɓatawa da canje-canjen matakan ruwa. [9] Lokacin da aka sanya hanyoyi don ketare rafuka da koguna, kashi 94% na mashigar titunan suna da ƙarancin ƙarfi zuwa matsakaicin damar isar da laka zuwa rafi, Lokacin da sare itatuwan ya faru a kusa da rafi, ana amfani da dabarun rafi don kiyaye yawan bishiyar. a kusa da rafi don karewa da ba da fa'idodi da yawa ga ingancin ruwa, yawa da kwanciyar hankali na yanayin yanayin ruwa. [9] Tare da kashi 87% na yankin magudanar ruwa a cikin yankin da aka sare dazuzzuka yana cikin yanayin aiki yadda ya kamata, sashin gandun daji yana da babban ƙoƙarin kiyayewa don kare ruwa a cikin dazuzzuka. [4] Ratsa nau'in kifin zuwa sama da magudanan ruwa na iya zama muhimmin sashi na rayuwa kuma ayyukan sare dazuzzuka na iya shafar su, musamman gina hanyoyi ta bangaren gandun daji. Tare da kawai kashi 42 cikin 100 na magudanar ruwa da ke da ƙarancin tasiri a kan ratsawar nau'in kifin, ragowar magudanar ruwa suna da babban haɗari zuwa matsakaicin haɗari na iyakance hanyar kifi. [10] Tare da karuwar magudanar ruwa ta hanyoyi daga 421,830 a cikin shekarata 2000 zuwa 488,674 a 2005, ana kan aiwatar da wani shiri mai mahimmanci don magance matsalar kifin.

Dokar sare gandun daji na Zero Net[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A shekara ta 2010 lardin British Columbia ya gabatar da wata sabuwar majalisa mai suna Zero Net Deforestation Act, Duk wadda ke shirin rage fitar da iskar gas da kuma kare dazuzzukan BC. Shirin ya bayyana cewa yankin da aka sare dazuzzuka da kuma sharewa na dindindin, za a dasa adadin bishiyu daidai gwargwado don ajiyar carbon, don haka zai haifar da wani sakamako na " net zero " kan sare dazuzzuka. [11] Tare da manufar lardin British Columbia na raguwar kashi 33% na hayakin kore a shekarar 2020, wannan aikin zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin burin yayin da yawan gandun daji a cikin BC ya ba da damar sha da adana carbon. [11]

Gudanar da gandun daji a British Columbia[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Lardin British Columbia da ke Kanada an san shi da yawan ɗimbin halittun da ke da kashin bayan namun daji sama da 185, nau'in tsuntsaye 171, da bishiyoyi iri-iri da ciyayi. A cikin kula da gandun daji, Kuma yana da mahimmanci a gane tarin tasirin muhalli da sauye-sauyen muhalli waɗanda ke da yuwuwar yin barazana ga dazuzzukan BC. Duban dorewa a cikin kula da gandun daji yana buƙatar kwatanta tasirin muhalli na girbi katako da hargitsi na yanayi, kamar wuta, kwari da cututtuka.

Barazana ga dazuzzuka na British Columbia[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wuta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A karshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20, ana kallon gobarar dazuka ta hanyar dan adam a matsayin babbar barazana ga tsaron jama'a da kuma batan katako da za a iya girbewa don amfanin dan Adam. Yayin da gobarar gandun daji na iya yin mummunar tasiri a kan balagaggen ciyayi, wuta tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin yanayin gandun daji na Kanada. [12] Bugu da ƙari, kiyaye yawan gandun daji, wuta ta fara kuma ta ƙare gadon ciyayi, yana rinjayar tsarin shekaru da nau'i) yana inganta rarraba kwari da cututtuka, yana rinjayar hawan keke na gina jiki, yana kula da bambancin yanayi, yana hana yashwar ƙasa, da kuma daidaita yanayin halittu. [12] Dangantakar da ke tsakanin ci gaban wuta da tsayawa (itace) tana da rikitarwa kuma tana buƙatar kulawa da hankali.

Ayyukan Dan Adam[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Clear cut in the Gordon River Valley near Port Renfrew, BC.

British Columbia na ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fitar da fiber itace a duniya. A cikin shekarata 2015 an ba da rahoton cewa gandun daji na British Columbia yana tallafawa ayyukan yi 145,800 da kasuwanci 7000, tare da kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara na dala biliyan 15.7. [13] A kasa baki daya, ana iya danganta saren gandun daji na Kanada ga ci gaban birane na hanyoyin sufuri da na shakatawa (19%), samar da wutar lantarki (10%), Kuma bangaren gandun daji (10%), da sauran masana'antun hakar albarkatun kasa (8%). British Columbia tana aiwatar da iyaka kan yanke izinin shekara-shekara ta hanyar saita iyakar adadin katako da kowane kamfani ya yarda ya girbe. [13] A cikin lardin, 8.1% na British Columbia ana kiyaye su daga girbi, ana kiran waɗannan wurare masu kariya . [13]

Nau'in Cin Hanci[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Nau'in cin zarafi sune waɗanda ba 'yan asalin yanki ba ne, kuma suna da ikon kawar da nau'in gida da tarwatsa tsarin yanayin muhalli. Dutsen Pine irin ƙwaro yana da mummunan tasiri a kan balagagge conifer tsaye. [14] Zazzaɓi mai zafi daga lokacin sanyi mai laushi yana rinjayar faruwar barkewar ƙwaro ƙwaro wanda ke rage yawan mace-macen ƙwaro a lokacin hunturu. [14] Daga shekarun 1995 - 2005, British Columbia ta sami raguwar lafiyar bishiyoyin conifer kuma an gano hakan yana da alaƙa da haɓakar adadin ƙwararrun ƙwaro. [14] Baya ga dutsen Pine ƙwaro, sauran nau'ikan ɓarna masu ɓarna sun haɗa da beetles, douglas fir beetles, spruce beetles, spruce shugaban weevil, da yammacin spruce budworm . Canjin yanayi yana tasiri ga rarrabawa, yanayin rayuwa, wuraren zama, da adadin mace-mace na waɗannan kwari masu cin zarafi. Tare da yanayin ɗumamar yanayi, Kuma ana samun tarin tarin tsutsotsi na nau'ikan ɓarna waɗanda ke ƙara damuwa da ciyarwa da tsinkewa akan rundunonin bishiya. [15] Tasiri daga nau'ikan masu cin zarafi a cikin British Columbia duka biyu ne na muhalli da tattalin arziki, saboda rushewar samar da katako da ake samu don girbi. [15] [16]

Gudanar da Barazana da Daji na British Columbia[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Gudanar da Wuta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wutar daji ta dabi'a tana ba da fa'idodi da yawa ga yanayin yanayin gandun daji kamar gadon daji, daɗewar jinsuna, safa, nau'in halittu, rigakafin kwari, da kuma takin ƙasa. Ayyukan ɗan adam yana katse tasirin dabi'ar gobarar daji yana sa su ƙara ƙarfi kuma suna cutar da dazuzzuka. [17] Don rage tasirin wuta akan shimfidar wuri, dabarun gudanarwa yakamata su rage yuwuwar farawar wuta da ƙara ƙarfin kashe wuta. Hanyar gudanarwa ta gama gari ita ake kira wajabcin ƙonewa . Sannan Kuma Ana yin ƙayyadadden konewa ta hanyar kunna wuta da gangan a wasu wurare na musamman don haɓaka ɗimbin halittu da lafiyar gandun daji, tare da iyakance ikonsa na yin tasiri mai tsanani na ɗan gajeren lokaci na zamantakewa. [12] Don rage haɗarin albarkatu, ababen more rayuwa, da lafiyar jama'a, yanke-yanke iyakoki kamar tituna ko ƙetare hanyoyin da ake amfani da su azaman shinge. [12]

Gudanar da Ayyukan Dan Adam[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Don magance tasirin ɗan adam akan dazuzzuka a British Columbia, sannan Kuma gudanarwa yana buƙatar yin shiri na dogon lokaci (shekaru 100-200 a nan gaba). Rikicin sauyin yanayi da tsarin muhalli yana nufin cewa hanyoyin gudanarwa yakamata su kai ga tsarin halittu gabaɗaya, maimakon tsayawa akan bishiyoyi kawai. [18] Hakanan ya kamata hanyoyin gudanarwa su kasance masu maƙasudi da yawa a aikace don tantance halayen daji kamar bambancin halittu, samar da katako, ajiyar carbon da dalilai na nishaɗi. [19]

Ana kiran cikakkiyar dabarar gudanarwa da tsarin tallafi na yanke shawara (DSS). DSS ta zayyana sarkakiyar ayyuka dangane da gandun daji tare da magance illolin dabarun gudanarwa daban-daban akan kewayon alamomin muhalli, tattalin arziki, da zamantakewa. [19] Ana yin wannan ta hanyar nuna yuwuwar rikice-rikice, ta yin amfani da tsarin tushen kimiyya, isar da ilimi game da dorewar yanayin yanayin gandun daji, da kuma ba da jagora ta hanyar nuna abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin masu nuni. [19] Samfuran kwaikwaiyo suna da amfani don sanin menene hanya mafi kyau don girbi bishiyoyi. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan samfuran don kula da takamaiman ko nau'ikan halittu masu haɗari ta amfani da ilimin kimiyya. [17]

Hanyar gudanar da lardi da British Columbia ke aiwatarwa ita ce Ka'idar Ayyukan daji. Sannan Kuma Dole ne duk kamfanonin gandun daji su bi wannan lambar kuma akwai sakamako idan aka karya ka'idojin lambar. Hukunce-hukuncen sun haɗa da tara, rage girman izinin yankewa ko cire 'yancin yanke' kamfani.

Hanyar sarrafa albarkatun gama gari da ake amfani da su a fagage da yawa ita ce ka'idar yin taka tsantsan . Kuma Ka'idar yin taka tsantsan ta bayyana cewa lokacin da ba a san tasirin aikin ba, bai kamata a aiwatar da aikin ba. A cikin wannan ka'ida akwai manufar ci gaba mai ɗorewa na albarkatun ƙasa wanda ke buƙatar kiyaye haƙƙin da ake samu, ana girbi abin da ke sama da tushe. [20]

Gudanar da yanayin ƙasa wata dabara ce don kamfanonin gandun daji na kasuwanci don aiwatarwa ta hanyar ba da damar jujjuyawar tsayi tsakanin yanke. Dangane da halaye na yanki (watau yawan amfanin ƙasa, yanayin yanayin ƙasa, kusancin niƙa), ana iya sarrafa wasu yankuna musamman don samar da itace mai ƙarfi, yayin barin sauran wuraren da ba a taɓa su ba don sabuntawa . [21] Wannan dabarar tana buƙatar kula da gandun daji gabaɗaya, maimakon wani yanki na musamman don yin la'akari da bukatun zamantakewa, muhalli, da tattalin arziƙin yanki [21]

Tsayin bishiyar da Mountain Pine Beetles ya shafa a Massachusetts, Amurka

Gudanar da Nau'o'in Cin Hanci[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Management for invasive species requires monitoring, modelling, and assistance in promoting migration and genetic diversity. In addition to this, reducing the amount of timber harvested will conserve the present stand of trees.[15] Monitoring insect and disease occurrences over long periods of time gives a better understanding of the effects of climate change and how forests respond to it.[15] The information from monitoring can be used to model and forecast the range of potential future changes with indicators such as volume harvested, gross profit, ecosystem carbon storage, age-class distribution and patch-size distribution.[15] The data from monitoring and modelling can be used to determine which tree species to breed or reintroduce in an area in order to increase tree stand resilience and reduce susceptibility to invasive species.[15]

Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Ci gaba Karatu a British Columbia
  • sare itatuwa
  • sare itatuwa a kasar Canada
  • Jerin Yankunan daji da Gundumomin British Columbia

Magana[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ "The State of British Columbia's Forests - Third Edition (2010)" (PDF). p. 36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  2. ↑ "The State of British Columbia's Forests - Third Edition (2010)" (PDF). p. 39. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  3. ↑ "The State of British Columbia's Forests - Third Edition (2010)" (PDF). p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "The State of British Columbia's Forests - Third Edition (2010)" (PDF). p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  5. ↑ "The State of British Columbia's Forests - Third Edition (2010)" (PDF). p. 66. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  6. ↑ "The State of British Columbia's Forests - Third Edition (2010)" (PDF). p. 70. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  7. ↑ "The State of British Columbia's Forests - Third Edition (2010)" (PDF). p. 71. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named for.gov.bc.ca (page 92)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "The State of British Columbia's Forests - Third Edition (2010)" (PDF). p. 97. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named for.gov.bc.ca (page 102)
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named news.gov.bc.ca
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :2
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :3
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :4
  16. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :5
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :1
  18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :6
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :7
  20. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :8
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :9
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