Bauta

Slavery
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	social relation (en)
Bangare na	unfree labour (en)
Facet of (en)	Wariyar launin fata
Tarihin maudu'i	history of slavery (en)

Bauta da enslavement su ne halin zama da yanayin zaman bawa, wanda shi ne wanda aka hana shi barin hidimar bawa, kuma wanda mai bautar da bawa ya ɗauke shi a matsayin dukiyarsa. Bauta yawanci ta ƙunshi wanda aka bautar da aka sa ya yi wani nau'i na aiki yayin da kuma mai bautar ya faɗi inda yake. A tarihi, sa’ad da mutane suke bauta, sau da yawa yakan faru ne saboda suna bin su bashi, sun karya doka, ko kuma sun sha kashi na soja: Tsawon lokacin bautar na iya zama na rayuwa ne, ko kuma na ƙayyadadden lokacin da aka ba su ’yanci. ^[1] Don haka, daidaikun mutane sukan zama bayi ba da gangan ba, saboda tilastawa, ko da yake akwai kuma bautar son rai don biyan bashi ko samun kuɗi don wata manufa. A cikin tarihin ɗan adam, bautar wani nau'in siffa ce ta wayewa, kuma ta shari'a a yawancin al'ummomi, to amma yanzu an haramta ta a duk ƙasashen duniya, sai dai a matsayin hukuncin laifi. ^[2]

A cikin bautar chattel, ana ba da bawa bisa doka ta mallaki dukiya (chattel) na mai bawa. A fannin tattalin arziki, kalmar de facto bautar tana kwatanta yanayin aiki mara yanci da aikin tilastawa wanda yawancin bayi ke jurewa.

A 2019, kusan mutane miliyan 40, waɗanda kashi 26 cikin ɗari yara ne, ana bautar da su a duk faɗin duniya duk da cewa haramun ne. A cikin duniyar zamani, fiye da kashi 50 cikin 100 na bayi suna ba da aikin tilastawa, yawanci a cikin masana'antu da shagunan gumi na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu na tattalin arzikin ƙasa. A cikin ƙasashe masu arzikin masana'antu, fataucin ɗan adam wani nau'in bauta ne na zamani; a ƙasashen da ba masu sana’a ba, bauta ta hanyar bautar bashi wani nau’i ne na bautar da mutum, kamar bayin gida da aka kama, auren dole, da yara kanana.