Takalik Abaj
 Takalik Abaj | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
archaeological site (en)  da national park of Guatemala (en) | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Al'ada |
Maya civilization (en) | |||
| Ƙasa | Guatemala (ƙasa) | |||
| Heritage designation (en) | Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya | |||
| World Heritage criteria (en) |
World Heritage selection criterion (ii) (en) da World Heritage selection criterion (iii) (en) | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Guatemala (ƙasa) | |||
| Department of Guatemala (en) | Retalhuleu Department (en) | |||
| Municipality of Guatemala (en) | El Asintal (en) | |||
Tak'alik Ab'aj (/tɑːkəˈliːk əˈbɑː/; lafazin Mayan: [takʼaˈlik aˀ'ɓaχ] (listen); Mutanen Espanya: [takaˈlik aˈβax]) wuri ne na kayan tarihi na pre-Columbian a Guatemala. A da ana kiranta Abaj Takalik; tsohon sunanta na iya kasancewa Kooja. Yana ɗayan rukunin rukunin Mesoamerican da yawa tare da fasalin Olmec da Maya. Shafin ya bunƙasa a cikin lokutan Preclassic da Classic, daga karni na 9 BC har zuwa aƙalla karni na 10 AD, kuma ya kasance muhimmiyar cibiyar kasuwanci, [1] kasuwanci tare da Kaminaljuyu da Chocolá. Bincike ya nuna cewa yana daya daga cikin manyan wuraren da aka sassaka kayan tarihi a bakin tekun Pacific.[2] Abubuwan sassaƙaƙƙen salon Olmec sun haɗa da yiwuwar babban kai, petroglyphs da sauransu.[3] Gidan yanar gizon yana da ɗayan mafi girma na zane-zanen salon Olmec a wajen Tekun Mexico.[3]
Takalik Abaj shine wakilin farkon furen al'adun Maya wanda ya faru kusan 400 BC. [1] Wurin ya haɗa da kabarin sarauta na Maya da misalan rubutun rubutun Maya waɗanda ke cikin farkon daga yankin Maya. Ana ci gaba da tonon sililin a wurin; Babban gine-ginen gine-gine da kuma al'adar sassaka masu tsayi a cikin salo daban-daban suna nuna wurin yana da mahimmanci. [2]
Abubuwan da aka samo daga wurin sun nuna tuntuɓar babban birni mai nisa na Teotihuacan a cikin kwarin Mexico kuma yana nuna cewa Takalik Abaj ta ci shi ko kuma abokansa[1]. Takalik Abaj yana da alaƙa da hanyoyin kasuwanci na Maya mai nisa waɗanda suka canza tsawon lokaci amma sun ba da damar birnin ya shiga cikin hanyar sadarwar kasuwanci da ta haɗa da tsaunukan Guatemalan da filin tekun Pacific daga Mexico zuwa El Salvador.
Takalik Abaj babban birni ne mai girma tare da manyan gine-ginen da aka taru zuwa manyan rukunoni huɗu waɗanda aka baje ko'ina cikin filaye tara. Yayin da wasu daga cikin waɗannan siffofi ne na halitta, wasu kuma gine-ginen wucin gadi ne da ke buƙatar saka hannun jari mai yawa a cikin aiki da kayan aiki.[1] Wurin ya ƙunshi nagartaccen tsarin magudanar ruwa da kuma tarin kayan tarihi na sassaka.
Etymology[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tak'alik Ab'aj ' yana nufin "dutse a tsaye" a cikin yaren K'iche' Maya na gida, yana haɗa sifa tak'alik ma'anar "tsaye", da sunan abäj yana nufin "dutse" ko "dutse". [3] Masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Amurka Suzanna Miles ne ya sanya masa suna Abaj Takalik da farko, [4] ta hanyar amfani da odar Sipaniya. Wannan ba daidai ba ne a nahawu a K'iche'; [5] Gwamnatin Guatemala yanzu ta gyara wannan a hukumance ga Tak'alik Ab'aj' . Masanin ilimin ɗan adam Ruud Van Akeren ya ba da shawarar cewa tsohon sunan birnin shine Kooja, sunan ɗayan manyan manyan zuriyar Mam Maya; Kooja na nufin "Moon halo". [6]
Wuri[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
[7]Wurin yana kudu maso yammacin Guatemala, kimanin kilomita 45 (28 mi) daga kan iyaka da jihar Chiapas ta Mexico[1][2] da 40 km (25 mi) daga Tekun Fasifik.[3]
Takalik Abaj yana arewacin gundumar El Asintal, a cikin matsanancin arewacin sashin Retalhuleu, mai nisan mil 120 (kilomita 190) daga birnin Guatemala.[1] Wurin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin gonakin kofi guda biyar a cikin ƙananan tuddai na tsaunukan Saliyo Madre; Santa Margarita, San Isidro Piedra Parada, Buenos Aires, San Elías da Dolores.[2] Takalik Abaj yana zaune a kan wani tudu da ke gudu daga arewa zuwa kudu, yana gangarowa ta wajen kudu[3]. Wannan tudun yana da iyaka a yamma da Kogin Nimá sannan daga gabas da kogin Ixchayá, dukkansu suna gangarowa daga tsaunukan Guatemala.[4] Ixchayá yana gudana a cikin wani rafi mai zurfi amma wurin da ya dace yana kusa da wurin. Halin Takalik Abaj a wannan mashigar ta mai yiwuwa yana da muhimmanci wajen kafuwar birnin, tun da yake wannan ya ratsa muhimman hanyoyin kasuwanci ta wurin da kuma sarrafa hanyoyin shiga su[5].
- ↑ Sharer and Traxler 2006, p. 33.
- ↑ Adams 1996, p. 81.
- ↑ Christenson; Cassier and Ichon 1981, p. 26.
- ↑ Cassier and Ichon 1981, p. 26. Miles's first name is given variously as Suzanna (Kelly 1996, p. 215.), Susanna (Sharer and Traxler 2006, p. 239.) and Susan (Cassier and Ichon 1981, p. 26.)
- ↑ Cassier and Ichon 1981, p. 26.
- ↑ Van Akkeren 2005, pp. 1006, 1013.
- ↑ Cassier and Ichon 1981, p. 24.