Tauraron dan adam

Tauraron dan adam
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	satellite (en) da spacecraft (en)
Bangare na	spacecraft constellation (en)
Time of discovery or invention (en)	1957

Wannan tauraron dan adam ne a sararin samaniya wadda yake nazarin duniyarmu

Tauraron dan Adam, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata, shine duk wata na'ura mai cin gashin kanta da ake harbawa zuwa sararin samaniya don mikawa da karbo bayanan yanayi ko dauko hotunan wasu wurare da Dan Adam baya iya kaiwa garesu ta dadi, ko kuma shinshino irin yanayin da muhalli zai kasance a wasu lokuta na dabam. Ire-iren wadannan taurari suna shawagi ne a cikin falakin wannan duniya tamu, ko duniyar wata da taurarin da Allah ya halitta, kokuma cikin falakin wasu duniyoyi makamantan namu. A halin wannan shawagi ne suke gudanar da aiyukansu na nemo bayanai, ko karbowa daga wani bangaren wannan duniya don yada bayanan zuwa wasu bangarorin dabam, ko kuma nemo bayanan da ke da nasaba da falakin da suke shawagi a ciki, don aiko sakon da suka taskance zuwa garemu a wannan duniya, ko kuma, a wasu lokutan, su dauko mana hotunan abinda ke faruwa ga manya-manyan tekunan da ke zagaye da mu a duniya gaba daya. Shi tauraron dan Adam duk karkonsa, ba ya dawwama a muhallin da aka jefa shi ciki don shawagi; yana da muddar rayuwa da aka deba masa. Da zarar aikinsa ya kare, zai dawo wannan duniya tamu, ko kuma, a wasu lokutan ma, yana kan aikinsa sai ya samu matsala ya wargaje ba tare da masu shi sun iya kaiwa gare shi ba. Idan ma ya gama lafiya, yana iya samun matsala wajen shigowa wannan duniya lafiya garau. A takaice dai, duk wani tauraron dan Adam na da iya kwanaki ko watanni ko shekarun da aka deba masa. Sannan yana da irin aikin da aka harba shi ya yi; tauraron dan Adam da ke gano yanayin muhalli da falakin da ke sararin samaniya yana dauke ne da na’urar daukar hoto, wacce ta dace da tsarin aikinsa. Wanda aka harba don gano yanayin zafi ko sanyi na dauke ne da na’urar da ke taimaka masa shinshino yanayin muhallin. Haka wadanda aka harbawa don yada shirye-shiryen gidajen rediyo da talabijin, duk suna da nasu sifa da ta sha bamban da sauran. An fara harba ire-iren wadannan taurarin wucin-gadi ne zuwa cikin falaki shekaru kusan hamsin da biyu da suka gabata (1957), kuma zuwa yanzu, an harba wajen dubu-daruruwa masu zuwa don karbowa da aikawa da bayanai ko shinshino yanayi ko kuma dauko hotunan sararin samaniya, don amfanin dan Adam. A karon farko ana amfani ne da roket, mai dauke da kumbo (space shuttle), don cilla wani tauraro zuwa sararin samaniya. Daga baya aka zo ana amfani da jiragen sama masu masifar gudu, duk da yake shi ma wannan tsari na bukatar roket wanda ke harba jirgin zuwa wani mizanin nisa cikin samaniya, kafin wannan jirgi ya ingiza tauraron cikin falaki. Ana cikin haka sai kuma masana kimiyyar sararin samaniyar Amirka suka bullo da wata hanya wacce ta sha bamban da sauran wajen sauki da inganci. Wannan hanya kuwa itace ta cilla tauraron dan Adam daga babbar kumbon tashar binciken sararin samaniya da ke can sararin samaniya, watau US Space Shuttle. Hakan na faruwa ne domin masana na iya kera tauraron dan Adam a halin zamansu cikin wannan kumbo da ke tashar, har su harba shi. Haka idan ya lalace ko ya gama aikinsa, suna iya sanya shi cikin wani kumbo karami don aikowa dashi wannan duniya tamu don a gyara shi yadda ya kamata. Nan gaba, masana harkar falaki a Amurka na tunanin bullo da wani tsari mai suna "Single Stage to Orbit", watau “tsalle daya zuwa falaki” a misali Wannan tsari zai rage yawan tashoshin da tauraron dan Adam zai bi kafin kaiwa ga falakin da aka umarce shi da zuwa. Idan har suka dace, wannan tsari zai zo ne da kumbon sararin samaniya guda daya, tafkeke, mai iya daukan taurarin dan Adam da dama, don aikawa dasu zuwa cikin falakin da ya dace dasu, cikin harbawa guda! Tauraron dan Adam na farko da ya fara shiga cikin falakin wannan duniya tamu shine Sputnik 1, wanda kasar Rasha ta harba a ranar 4 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 1957. Wannan tauraro yayi shawagi cikin falaki yana aiko sakonni har tsawon kwanaki ashirin da daya. Bayan ya kamo hanyarsa ta dawowa duniya, sai ya kone a hanya. Hakan ya faru ne ranar 4 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1958. Daga nan kasar ta sake cilla wani tauraron mai suna Sputnik 2,a ranar 3 ga watan Nuwanba na shekarar 1957 dai har wayau. A ciki suka sanya wata karya don gwaji, wacce a karshe ta mace, sa’o’i biyu da harba ta, sanadiyyar tsananin zafin da ke cikin tauraron da aka sanya ta ciki. Tauraron, Sputnik 2 ya dawo wannan duniya tamu ranar 14 ga water Afrailun shekarar 1958, inda ya kone bayan ya shigo shi ma. Da ganin haka sai kasar Amurka ta fara narkewa da kishi. Ana cikin haka sai kawai aka ji ita ma ta harba tauraronta na farko zuwa cikin falakin wannan duniya tamu, mai suna Explorer 1, ranar 31 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1958. Bayan nan ta sake cilla wani tauraro mai suna Discoverer 13, tauraron dan Adam na farko da ya fara zuwa falaki, ya taskance bayanan da yake bukata ta hanyar wata na’ura, sannan ya cillo wannan na’ura zuwawannan duniya tamu, masu binciken kasar Amurka suka dauka don tantance sakonnin da ta kalato musu.Wannan aiki ta gudanar dashi ne cikin shekarar 1960, ranar 10 ga watan Agusta. Daga nan sauran kasashe suka biyo baya.