Tsare-tsaren fili
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Tsare-tsare ko shirin fili wani nau'in zane ne da masu gine-gine ke amfani da shi, masu tsara shimfiɗar wuri, masu tsara birane, da injiniyoyi waɗanda ke nuna yanayin da ake da su da kuma abubuwan da aka tsara don wani yanki, galibi yanki na ƙasa wanda za'a gyara. Shirye-shiryen shafukan yawanci suna nuna gine-gine, tituna, titin titi da hanyoyi/hanyoyi, filin ajiye motoci, wuraren magudanar ruwa, layukan tsaftar muhalli, layin ruwa, hasken wuta, da shimfiɗar ƙasa da abubuwan lambu.[1]
Irin wannan shirin na rukunin yanar gizon shine "hoton hoto na tsarin gine-gine, filin ajiye motoci, tuki, shimfiɗar wuri da duk wani tsarin da ke cikin aikin ci gaba ".[2]
Tsarin wurin “tsarin zanen gini ne wanda magani ko ɗan kwangila ke amfani da shi don yin gyare-gyare ga dukiya. Ƙungiyoyi za su iya amfani da shirin wurin don tabbatar da cewa ana cika ƙa'idodin ci gaba kuma a matsayin tushen tarihi. Wani mai ba da shawara kan ƙira yakan shirya tsare-tsaren rukunin yanar gizo wanda dole ne ya kasance ko dai injiniya mai lasisi, gine-gine, gine -ginen wuri ko mai binciken ƙasa ".
Tsare-tsare na rukunin yanar gizon sun haɗa da nazarin rukunin yanar gizon, abubuwan gini, da tsara nau'ikan iri daban-daban gami da sufuri da birane. Misalin tsarin yanar gizo shine shirin Indianapolis na Alexander Ralston a 1821.
Musamman abubuwa da dangantakar da aka nuna sun dogara da manufar ƙirƙirar shirin, amma yawanci sun ƙunshi: gine-ginen da aka tsare da kuma samarwa, abubuwan da ke ƙasa, abubuwan da ke sama da shinge, manyan hanyoyin samar da ababen more rayuwa, da mahimman la'akari na doka kamar iyakokin dukiya, koma baya., da hakkokin hanya.
Batutuwan shirin yanar gizo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Binciken rukunin yanar gizon[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Binciken rukunin yanar gizon kaya ne da aka kammala azaman matakin shiri zuwa tsara wuri, wani nau'i na tsara birane wanda ya ƙunshi bincike, bincike, da haɗawa. Da farko yana ma'amala da mahimman bayanai kamar yadda yake da alaƙa da takamaiman rukunin yanar gizo. Maudu'in da kansa ya bazu cikin iyakokin gine-gine, gine-ginen shimfiɗar wurare, injiniyanci, tattalin arziki, da tsara birane . Binciken rukunin yanar gizo wani abu ne a cikin tsarawa da ƙira. Kevin A. Lynch, wani mai tsara birane ya haɓaka tsarin matakai takwas na zagayowar tsari na zane-zane, wanda mataki na biyu shine nazarin shafin, mayar da hankali ga wannan sashe.
Lokacin nazarin yiwuwar rukunin yanar gizon don haɓakawa, yakamata a bincika da tsara taswirar matsayin rukunin yanar gizon. Wannan ya haɗa amma ba'a iyakance ga:
- Wurin da filin yake
- Topography, ciki har da bayanai game da gangara, ƙasa, ilimin ruwa, ciyayi, fuskantarwa
- Gine-gine na zamani
- Hanyoyi da zirga-zirga
- Wuraren jama'a da abubuwan amfani, gami da ruwa, magudanar ruwa, da layukan wutar lantarki
- Dokoki masu alaƙa, ƙa'idodi, lambobi, da manufofi
Ta hanyar ƙayyade wuraren da ba su da kyau don ci gaba (kamar filayen ambaliya ko gangaren gangara) kuma mafi kyau don haɓakawa, mai tsarawa ko zane-zane na iya ƙayyade wuri mafi kyau don ayyuka ko sassa daban-daban kuma ƙirƙirar zane wanda ke aiki a cikin sararin samaniya.
Tubalan gini na tsarin yanar gizo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tsare-tsaren rukunin yanar gizo babban kallo ne, kallon idon tsuntsu na dukiya da aka zana zuwa sikeli. Tsarin rukunin yanar gizon zai iya nuna:
- layukan dukiya
- ƙayyadaddun gine-gine da tsarin da ake da su da kuma shawarwari
- nisa tsakanin gine-gine
- nisa tsakanin gine-gine da layukan kadarori ( koma baya)
- filin ajiye motoci, yana nuni da wuraren ajiye motoci
- hanyoyin mota
- kewaye titunan
- wuraren shimfidar wuri
- sauƙi
- wurin alamar ƙasa
- kayan aiki
Tsare-tsare na yanar gizo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tsare-tsare na rukunin yanar gizo a cikin gine-gine da gine-gine yana nufin matakin ƙungiya na tsarin ƙirar shimfiɗar wuri. Ya ƙunshi tsari na yanki na amfani da ƙasa, samun dama, wurare dabam dabam, sirri, tsaro, tsari, magudanar ruwa, da sauran abubuwa. Shirye-shiryen wurin ya haɗa da tsara gine-gine, hanyoyin tituna, kayan aiki, abubuwan shimfiɗar wuri, yanayin yanayi, yanayin ruwa, da ciyayi don cimma wurin da ake so.
A cikin tsare-tsaren birane, masu tsara birni suna yin tsarar wuri don samar da tsararren tsari/tsarin abin da masu tsara birni ke so ga al'umma. Misali, a cikin tsarin shirin shiga jama'a, membobin al'umma za su yi iƙirarin gyare-gyare da inganta da ya kamata a yi a cikin al'ummarsu. Sannan masu ci gaban al’umma za su bullo da hanyar da za a bi domin biyan bukatar ‘yan uwa, wanda ake yi ta hanyar samar da tsarin yanar gizo. Tare da ƙayyadaddun kasafin kuɗi, masu tsarawa dole ne su kasance masu wayo da ƙirƙira game da ƙirar su. [3] Masu tsarawa dole ne su yi la'akari ba kawai tsayin gine-gine ba, zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, wuraren buɗe ido, ajiye motoci don motoci/kekuna, har ma da yuwuwar tasirin aikin ga masu ruwa da tsaki. Duk waɗannan ayyuka na ƙirƙirar tsarin rukunin yanar gizon ana kiransu da tsara rukunin yanar gizo.
Shirye-shiryen sufuri[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Shirye-shiryen sufuri shine filin da ke tattare da wurin zama na wuraren sufuri (gaba ɗaya tituna, manyan tituna, titin titi, titin kekuna da layin sufuri na jama'a ). Tsare-tsare na sufuri a tarihi ya bi tsarin tsare-tsare na hankali na ayyana maƙasudi da manufofi, gano matsaloli, samar da hanyoyi, kimanta hanyoyin, da haɓaka shirin. Sauran samfura don tsarawa sun haɗa da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na hankali, gamsuwa, tsare-tsare na ƙarawa, tsarin ƙungiya, da cinikin siyasa. Duk da haka, ana ƙara tsammanin masu tsara shirye-shirye su ɗauki tsarin ladabtarwa da yawa, musamman saboda haɓakar mahimmancin muhalli . Misali, yin amfani da ilimin halayyar dan adam don shawo kan direbobi su yi watsi da motocinsu su yi amfani da jigilar jama'a maimakon. Matsayin mai tsara jigilar sufuri yana canzawa daga nazarin fasaha zuwa haɓaka dorewa ta hanyar haɗaɗɗun manufofin sufuri. [4]
Tsarin birni[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tsare-tsare na birni, birni, da na gari yana bincika abubuwa da yawa na abubuwan da aka gina da mahallin zamantakewa na wurare. Tsare-tsare na yanki yana ma'amala da yanayi mafi girma har yanzu, a matakin ƙasa dalla-dalla. Dangane da tushen tsarin tsara birane daga zamanin Roman (kafin-Dark Ages), horo na yanzu yana sake duba haɗin kai na fannonin tsara birane, gine-gine da gine-ginen shimfidar wurare .
Misalai[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
-
Lambunan Lockefield - shirin wurin. -
Shirye-shiryen Ginin WTC da Tsarin Yanar Gizo. -
Tsarin yanar gizon Tres Zapotes -
Tsarin Gidan Gidan Gidan Gidan Lincoln -
Tsarin wurin da Louis-Pierre Baltard ya yi
Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Tsari (zane)
- Tsarin archaeological
- Tsarin bene
- Zane na fasaha
- Zane na gine-gine
- Zane Injiniya
- Tsarin shimfidar wuri
- Dokokin Shirye-shiryen Gudanar da Sharar gida 2008
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20100527163406/http://www.loudoun.gov/Default.aspx?tabid=638
- ↑ https://www.miamitwpoh.gov/commdev/fees_applications/faqs/faqs.htm[permanent dead link]
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedSteven - ↑ Southern, A. (2006), Modern-day transport planners need to be both technically proficient and politically astute, Local Transport Today, no. 448, 27 July 2005.