Tsohon garin Warsaw

Tsohon garin Warsaw
old town (en) da urban area (en)
Bayanai
Suna a harshen gida	Stare Miasto w Warszawie
Ƙasa	Poland
Gagarumin taron	UNESCO World Heritage Site record modification (en)
Heritage designation (en)	Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya da immovable monument (en)
World Heritage criteria (en)	World Heritage selection criterion (ii) (en) da World Heritage selection criterion (vi) (en)
Polish cultural heritage register number (en)	546 da 5A
Wuri
52°14′59″N 21°00′44″E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Poland
Voivodeship of Poland (en)	Masovian Voivodeship (en)
City with powiat rights (en)	Warszawa

Tsohon Garin Warsaw (Yaren mutanen Poland: Stare Miasto kuma a zahiri kamar Starówka) shine mafi tsohon yanki na Warsaw, babban birnin Poland. Yana da iyaka da Wybrzeże Gdańskie (Gdańsk Boulevards), tare da bankin kogin Vistula, Grodzka, Mostowa da Titin Podwale. Yana daya daga cikin fitattun wuraren shaƙatawa na Warsaw. Zuciyar wurin ita ce Wurin Kasuwar Gari, mai wadatar gidajen abinci, wuraren shaguna da shaguna. Titunan da ke kewaye sun ƙunshi gine-gine na zamanin da kamar katangar birni, Cathedral na St. John da Barbican waɗanda ke haɗa Tsohuwar Gari da Warsaw Sabon Gari.

Tarihi

Masovia Dukes Tenement, gina 1466.

An kafa Old Town a ƙarni na 13. Da farko an kewaye shi da shingen aikin ƙasa, kafin 1339 an yi masa katanga da bangon birnin bulo. Garin ya fara girma a kusa da ginin Dukes na Mazovia wanda daga baya ya zama Gidan Sarauta. Dandalin Kasuwa (Rynek Starego Miasta) an shimfida shi a wani lokaci a ƙarshen 13th ko farkon ƙarni na 14, tare da babban titin da ke haɗa katangar da Sabon Gari zuwa arewa.

Rococo tenement portal da ke nuna galleon a Titin Świętojańska, farkon karni na 18

Tsohon garin a lokacin tashin Warsaw a 1944.

Rushewa na Tsohon Garin a cikin 1945.

1:300 samfurin Tsohon Garin Warsaw a cikin rabi na biyu na karni na 18, a cikin Gidan kayan tarihi na Warsaw

Har zuwa 1817 Babban abin da ya fi shahara a Tsohon Garin shi ne Gidan Gari da aka gina kafin 1429. A cikin 1701 Tylman Gamerski ya sake gina filin, kuma a cikin 1817 an ruguza Majalisar Gari. Tun daga ƙarni na 19, ɓangarorin hudu na Dandalin Kasuwa suna ɗauke da sunayen manyan sanduna hudu waɗanda suka taɓa rayuwa a ɓangarorin: Ignacy Zakrzewski (kudu), Hugo Kołłątaj (yamma), Jan Dekert (arewa) da Franciszek Barss (gabas). ).

A farkon shekarun 1910, Warsaw Old Town shine gidan fitaccen marubucin Yiddish Alter Kacyzne, wanda daga baya ya kwatanta rayuwa a can a cikin littafinsa na 1929 "שטאַרקע און שוואַכע" (Shtarke un Shvache, "Ƙarfafa da Rauni"). Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin littafin, Tsohon Garin a wancan lokacin ƙauye ne mai zaman kansa, tare da iyalai matalauta - wasu Yahudawa, wasu Kirista - suna zaune cike da cunkoson jama'a a cikin guraren da aka rarrabu waɗanda a da suka kasance gidajen sarakuna. Sassan sa na bohemian ne, tare da masu zane-zane da masu zane-zane suna da gidajen kallo, yayin da wasu tituna suka kasance gidajen karuwai na gundumar Red-light.

A cikin 1918 gidan sarauta ya sake zama wurin zama na manyan hukumomin Poland: Shugaban Poland da gwamnatinsa. A ƙarshen 1930s, a lokacin magajin garin Stefan Starzyński, hukumomin birni sun fara gyara Tsohuwar Garin tare da maido da shi zuwa matsayin da yake a da. Barbican da Tsohuwar Kasuwar Gari an maido da wani ɓangare. Duk da haka, an kawo ƙarshen wannan yunƙurin bayan ɓarkewar yakin duniya na biyu.

A lokacin mamayewar Poland (1939), yawancin gundumar ta sami mummunar lalacewa ta hanyar Luftwaffe na Jamus, wanda ya kai hari ga wuraren zama na birni da wuraren tarihi a yakin tashin bam. Bayan Siege na Warsaw, an sake gina wasu sassa na Tsohon Garin, amma nan da nan bayan Tashin Warsaw (Agusta-Oktoba 1944) abin da aka bari a tsaye ya tashi da tsare-tsare da Sojojin Jamus. Wani mutum-mutumi na tunawa da Tashe-tashen hankula, "Ƙananan Tawaye," a yanzu yana tsaye a kan katangar birni na tsohon garin.

Bayan yaƙin duniya na biyu, an sake gina tsohon garin sosai. A cikin ƙoƙari na anastylosis, an sake amfani da yawancin tubalin na asali. Duk da haka, sake ginawa ba koyaushe daidai yake ba kafin Warsaw, wani lokacin ana ba da ladabi ga wani lokaci na baya, yunƙurin ingantawa akan ainihin, ko kuma an yi facade na gaske don rufe wani gini na zamani. An zazzage tarkace don abubuwan ado da za a sake amfani da su, waɗanda aka sake shigar da su cikin wurarensu na asali. An yi amfani da vedute na karni na 18 na Bernardo Bellotto, da kuma zane-zane na ɗaliban gine-ginen kafin yaƙin duniya na biyu, a matsayin mahimman tushe a ƙoƙarin sake ginawa; duk da haka, zane-zanen Bellotto ba su da kariya gaba ɗaya daga lasisin fasaha da ƙawata, kuma a wasu lokuta ana tura wannan zuwa gine-ginen da aka sake ginawa.

Filaye

Dandalin Kasuwar Tsohon Gari

Layin Sarauniya Anna mai haɗa Gidan Sarauta tare da Cathedral na St. John, karni na 16. Wani mai kisan gilla ya kai wa Sarki Sigismund na Uku hari a layin kafin ya halarci taron jama'a

ginshiƙi na zamani a gidan kayan tarihi na Warsaw

Wurin Kasuwancin Tsohon Gari (Rynek Starego Miasta), wanda ya koma ƙarshen ƙarni na 13, shine ainihin zuciyar tsohon garin, kuma har zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 ya kasance zuciyar duk Warsaw. Anan wakilan ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi da ƴan kasuwa sun taru a cikin Gidan Gari (wanda aka gina kafin 1429, an rushe a 1817), kuma an gudanar da biki da kisa na lokaci-lokaci. Gidajen da ke kewaye da shi suna wakiltar salon Gothic har zuwa babbar wuta ta 1607, bayan haka an sake gina su a cikin salon ƙarshen-Renaissance.

Dandalin Castle (plac Zamkowy) shine farkon baƙo na kallon tsohon Garin da aka sake ginawa, lokacin da yake gabatowa daga tsakiyar Warsaw na zamani. Abu ne mai ban sha'awa, wanda Zygmunt's Column ya mamaye, wanda ke sama da kyawawan gidajen Old Town. An kewaye tsakanin Tsohon Garin da Gidan Sarauta, Gidan Gidan Gidan yana cikin tarihi. Anan ne ƙofar da ke shiga cikin birnin mai suna Ƙofar Kraków (Brama Krakowska). An haɓaka shi a cikin karni na 14 kuma ya ci gaba da zama yanki na tsaro ga sarakuna. Dandalin yana cikin daukaka a ƙarni na 17 lokacin da Warsaw ya zama babban birnin ƙasar kuma a nan ne a shekara ta 1644 Sarki Władysław IV ya kafa ginshiƙi don ɗaukaka mahaifinsa Sigismund III Vasa, wanda aka fi sani da mayar da babban birnin Poland daga Krakow zuwa Warsaw. Warsaw. Gidan kayan tarihi na Warsaw ma yana can.

Dandalin Canon (plac Kanonia), a bayan cocin St. John's Cathedral, ƙaramin murabba'i uku ne. Sunan ta ya fito ne daga gidajen tenement na ƙarni na 17 waɗanda na cikin canons na babin Warsaw. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan canons sun shahara sosai, kamar Stanisław Staszic wanda shi ne mawallafin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 3 ga Mayu, 1791. A da, makabarta ce ta parochial, wadda ta kasance wani mutum na Baroque na Uwargidanmu daga ƙarni na 18. A tsakiyar filin, akwai ƙararrawa ta tagulla na Warsaw, wanda Babban Ma'aji Jan Mikołaj Daniłowicz, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1646 don Cocin Jesuit a Jarosław. An jefa ƙararrawa a cikin 1646 ta Daniel Tym - mai tsara ginshiƙin Zygmunt. Inda dandalin Canon ya hadu da dandalin Royal wani wuri ne da aka rufe don Sarauniya Anna Jagiellon a ƙarshen ƙarni na 16 kuma ya tsawaita a cikin 1620s bayan da Michał Piekarski ya gaza a 1620 yunkurin kashe Sarki Sigismund III Vasa yayin da yake shiga Cathedral. Hakanan gidan mafi ƙanƙanta a Warsaw yana can.

Ganewa

A cikin 1980, an sanya tsohon garin Warsaw a cikin jerin wuraren tarihi na duniya na UNESCO a matsayin "fitaccen misali na kusan-jimlar sake gina wani tarihin tarihi wanda ya shafi karni na 13 zuwa 20."

Wurin kuma ɗaya ne daga cikin abubuwan tunawa da tarihi na ƙasar Poland (Pomnik historii), kamar yadda aka keɓe ranar 16 ga Satumba, 1994. Hukumar Tarihi ta ƙasar Poland ce ke kula da jerin sa.

Hotuna

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  Dandalin Fadar
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  Warsaw tsohon gari fadi (Rynek Starego Miasta)
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  Gidajen gari da aka sake ginawa
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  Hanyar zuwa Tsohon Gari
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  hanya
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  Gidajen tarihi a kusa da Square Square.
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  Wurin Kasuwar Tsohon Gari tare da masu yawon bude ido.
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  Mutum-mutumin damina (Tsohon Gari).
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  Tsohon Garin Warsaw wanda ke kewaye da tsohuwar katangar tsaro ta tsakiyar zamani.
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  Tsohon Garin

Siffofin

Ikklisiya

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  Cathedral na St. John, Karni na 14
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  Cocin Jesuit, 1609
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  Cocin St. Martin, 1353-1752

Ganuwar tsaro

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  Warsaw Barbican, 1548
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  Hasumiyar Gunfoda, bayan 1379
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  Ganuwar tsaro, daki-daki

Wasu

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  Titin Szeroki Dunaj
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  Titin Piwna
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  Dandalin Canonicity
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  Titin St John