Valproate
 Valproate | |
|---|---|
type of chemical entity (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
branched chain fatty acids (en) |
| Conjugate base (en) |
valproate (en) |
| Sinadaran dabara | C₈H₁₆O₂ |
| Canonical SMILES (en) | CCCC(CCC)C(=O)O |
| World Health Organisation international non-proprietary name (en) | valproic acid |
| Found in taxon (en) |
Valeriana officinalis (en) |
| Medical condition treated (en) |
Cutar bipolar, early-onset Alzheimer's disease (en) , childhood absence epilepsy (en) da complex partial seizure (en) |
| Ta jiki ma'amala da |
histone deacetylase 1 (en) da Aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family member A1 (en) |
| Legal status (medicine) (en) |
boxed warning (en) |
| Pregnancy category (en) |
Australian pregnancy category D (en) da US pregnancy category X (en) |
Valproate (VPA) da valproic acid, sodium valproate, da valproate semisodium siffofin magunguna ne da farko da ake amfani da su don magance farfadiya da cututtuka na bipolar da kuma hana ciwon kai.[1] Suna da amfani don rigakafin faɗuwar da cuta a cikin waɗanda ba su da faɗuwar rashi, faɗuwar ɓangarori, da faɗuwar gaba ɗaya.[1] Ana iya ba su ta hanyar jini ko ta baki, kuma nau'ikan kwamfutar hannu suna wanzu a cikin tsari mai tsayi da gajere.[1]
Illolin valproate na yau da kullun sun haɗa da tashin zuciya, amai, bacci, da bushewar baki.[1] Mummunan illa na iya haɗawa da gazawar hanta, don haka ana ba da shawarar saka idanu akai-akai na gwajin aikin hanta.[1] Sauran manyan haɗari sun haɗa da pancreatitis da ƙara haɗarin kashe kai.[1] An san Valproate yana haifar da mummunar rashin daidaituwa a cikin jarirai idan an sha a lokacin daukar ciki,[1][2] kuma saboda haka ba a ba da shawarar ba ga matan da suka kai shekarun haihuwa waɗanda ke da migraines.[1]
Ba a san takamaiman tsarin aikin Valproate ba.[1][3] Hanyoyin da aka tsara sun haɗa da rinjayar matakan GABA, toshe tashoshin sodium mai ƙarfin lantarki, da hana histone deacetylases.[4][5] Valproic acid fatty acid ne mai guntun sarka (SCFA) wanda aka yi daga valeric acid.[4]
An fara yin Valproate a cikin 1881 kuma ya fara amfani da magani a cikin 1962.[6] Yana cikin Jerin Mahimman Magunguna na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya.[7] Ana samunsa azaman magani na gama-gari.[1] Jimlar farashin a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa kusan dalar Amurka 0.40 kowace rana kamar na 2015.[8] A Amurka, kuɗin da ake kashewa yana kusan dalar Amurka 1.30 a kowace rana kamar na 2019.[9] Ana sayar da shi a ƙarƙashin alamun alamun Depakote, da sauransu.[1] A cikin 2017, shi ne na 126th mafi yawan magunguna a Amurka, tare da magunguna fiye da miliyan biyar.[10][11]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 "Valproic Acid". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved Oct 23, 2015.
- ↑ "Valproate banned without the pregnancy prevention programme". GOV.UK. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
- ↑ Owens MJ, Nemeroff CB (2003). "Pharmacology of valproate". Psychopharmacol Bull. 37 Suppl 2: 17–24. PMID 14624230.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ghodke-Puranik Y, Thorn CF, Lamba JK, Leeder JS, Song W, Birnbaum AK, Altman RB, Klein TE (April 2013). "Valproic acid pathway: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics". Pharmacogenet. Genomics. 23 (4): 236–241. doi:10.1097/FPC.0b013e32835ea0b2. PMC 3696515. PMID 23407051.
- ↑ "Valproic acid". DrugBank. University of Alberta. 29 July 2017. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
- ↑ Scott, D.F. (1993). The history of epileptic therapy : an account of how medication was developed (1. publ. ed.). Carnforth u.a.: Parthenon Publ. Group. p. 131. ISBN 9781850703914.
- ↑ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ↑ International Medical Products Price Guide (PDF) (2015 ed.). Management Sciences for Health. 2016. p. A-140. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
- ↑ "NADAC as of 2019-11-27 | Data.Medicaid.gov". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 2020-07-11. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
- ↑ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ↑ "Divalproex Sodium - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.