Yaren Finnish Kalo
| Finnish Kalo | |
|---|---|
| kaalengo tšimb | |
| Asali a | Finland, Sweden |
'Yan asalin magana |
10,000 in Finland (2001 census)e25 Samfuri:Sigfig in Sweden (2009)[1] |
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
rmf |
| Glottolog |
kalo1256[2] |
Kalo ( Kalo Finnish Romani </linkFinnish> [3] ) harshe ne na dangin harshen Romani (wani rukuni na Indo-Turai ) wanda Finnish Kale ke magana. Harshen yana da alaƙa amma ba fahimtar juna tare da Scandoromani ko Angloromani .
Finnish Kalo yana da masu magana 6,000-10,000 kuma yawancin matasa ba su san yaren ba. Yawancin masu magana sun fito ne daga tsofaffi kuma kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na Romanis a Finland har yanzu suna magana da yaren. An yi yunƙurin farfaɗowa. An samar da ƙamus da littattafan nahawu kuma wasu jami'o'i suna ba da Finnish Kalo a matsayin kwas. Yana da wasu kamanceceniya da yarukan Romani a ƙasar Hungary, inda aka sanya damuwa akan farkon syllable na kalmar. Wannan na iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa duka kalmomin Finnish da Hungarian suna da ƙayyadaddun damuwa na farko, fasalin da zai yaɗu zuwa yarukan Romani. An koyar da Finnish Kalo a makarantu tun daga ƙarshen 1980s, tare da wasu darussa tun farkon shekarun 1970.
Halin da ake ciki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 2012 kashi 30 cikin 100 na Romanis 13,000 a Finland kawai sun yi magana da Kalo sosai, amma kusan kashi 50% na iya fahimtar hakan. Yanzu dai ba kasafai masu magana da harshen Kalo ke yada yaren ga yara ba duk da cewa an yi kokarin farfado da shi a shekarun baya. Akwai gidaje na harshe a Rovaniemi, kuma a Helsinki, an kafa darussan Romani. A Finland, gundumomi na iya kafa kwasa-kwasan Romani idan akwai isasshen buƙatu, kodayake an sami matsaloli saboda ƙarancin albarkatu.
Fassarar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Gaba | Baya | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| maras zagaye | zagaye | |||||
| gajere | dogo | gajere | dogo | gajere | dogo | |
| Kusa | i | iː | y | yː | u | uː |
| Tsakar | e | eː | ø | øː | o | oː |
| Bude | æ | æː | ɑ | ɑː | ||
Finnish Kalo yana da nau'i-nau'i 8 na dogaye da gajere wasulan . Tsawon wasali na iya zama sauti [4] kamar a cikin bur</link> 'ta hanyar' tare da buur</link> 'boor' ko allophonic kamar a baaro</link> / baro</link> 'babba'. [4]
Finnish Kalo yana da diphthongs na rufewa guda 9 da diphthongs na buɗewa guda 3.
| Diphthongs | Wurin ƙarewa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gaba | Baya | ||||
| Matsayin farawa | |||||
| Kusa | Gaba | maras zagaye | ie | iu | |
| zagaye | yi | yø | |||
| Baya | ui | uo | |||
| Tsakar | Gaba | maras zagaye | ei | eu | |
| zagaye | øi | ||||
| Baya | oi | ou | |||
| Bude | Gaba | æi | |||
| Baya | ɑi | ɑu | |||
Harshen Finnish Kalo yana da wayoyi masu kama da juna:
| Labial | Dental / </br> Alveolar |
Postalveolar / </br> Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| M / </br> Haɗin kai |
mara murya | p | t | t̠ʃ | k | |
| mara murya | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | |||
| murya | b | d | d̠ʒ | ɡ | ||
| Ƙarfafawa | f | s | x | h | ||
| Kusanci | ʋ | l | j | |||
| Trill | r | |||||
Alphabet
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Miranda Vuolasranta
Bayanan kula
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namede25 - ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kalo Finnish Romani". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ ""Vela pinsiba, at doola horttas dikkena tšiȟkeske, so me som" — Kaalengo kentengo tšiȟko aaȟȟiba ta horttibongo tšatšjiba" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-07-07. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]