Yaren Lendu
| Lendu | |
|---|---|
| Balendru | |
| Asali a | Congo (DRC) |
| Ƙabila | Lendu, Hema, Alur, Okebu |
'Yan asalin magana | (760,000, including Ndrulo cited 1996)[1] |
|
Niluṣeḥrawit?
| |
| kasafin harshe |
|
| Lamban rijistar harshe | |
| ISO 639-3 |
led |
| Glottolog |
lend1245[2] |
| Linguasphere |
03-BAD |
Harshen Lendu yare ne na Sudan ta tsakiya wanda Balendru ke magana, ƙungiyar masu aikin noma ta kabilanci da ke zaune a gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokaradiyyar Kongo a yankin yamma da arewa maso yammacin tafkin Albert, musamman yankin Ituri na lardin Orientale . Yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan yarukan Sudan ta tsakiya . Akwai kashi uku bisa hudu na masu magana da Lendu miliyan a DRC. Rikici tsakanin Lendu da Hema shine tushen rikicin Ituri
Bayan Balendru, Lendu ana magana da shi azaman yare ta wani yanki na Hema, Alur, da Okebu . A Uganda, kabilar Lendu suna zaune a gundumomin Nebbi da Zombo, arewa maso yammacin tafkin Albert.
Sunaye[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ethnologue ya ba Bbadha a matsayin madadin sunan Lendu, amma Blench (2000) ya lissafa Badha a matsayin wani yare dabam. Daftarin jeri na harsunan Nilo-Saharan, samuwa daga gidan yanar gizonsa da kwanan wata 2012, ya lissafa Lendu/Badha .
Fassarar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wasula[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Gaba | Tsakiya | Baya | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kusa | i | u | |
| Kusa-kusa | ɪ | ʊ | |
| Tsakar | ɛ | ə | ɔ |
| Bude | a |
Consonants[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Labial | Dental / </br> Alveolar |
Bayan-<br id="mwXg"><br><br><br></br> alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labial-<br id="mwZQ"><br><br><br></br> maras kyau | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | sibilant | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||||||
| Tsaya / </br> Haɗin kai |
voiceless | p | t | t͡s | t͡ʃ | k | k͡p | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | d͡z | d͡ʒ | ɟ | g | ɡ͡b | ||
| prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᶮd͡ʒ | ᵑɡ | |||||
| vl. implosive | ɓ̥ | ɗ̥ | ʄ̊ | ||||||
| vd. implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ʄ | ||||||
| Ƙarfafawa | voiceless | f | θ | s | ʃ | h | |||
| voiced | v | ð | z | ʒ | |||||
| prenasal | ⁿz | ||||||||
| Rhotic | r | ||||||||
| Kusanci | plain | l | j | w | |||||
| glottalized | ʼw | ||||||||
Abubuwan ban tsoro[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Demolin (1995) [3] ya bayyana cewa Lendu yana da raɗaɗi mara murya, /ɓ̥ ɗ̥ ʄ̊/</link> ( /ƥ ƭ ƈ/</link> ). Duk da haka, Goyvaerts (1988) [4] ya siffanta waɗannan a matsayin ƙwaƙƙwaran murya mai ƙarfi /ɓ̰ ɗ̰ ʄ̰/</link> , kamar yadda a cikin Hausawa, ya bambanta da jeri na ingantacciyar murya /ɓ ɗ ʄ/</link> kamar yadda a Kalabari, da Ladefoged alƙalai cewa wannan ya zama mafi cikakken bayanin.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Template:Ethnologue18
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Lendu". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Demolin, Didier. 1995. The phonetics and phonology of glottalized consonants in Lendu. In Connell, Bruce and Arvaniti, Amalia (eds.), Phonology and Phonetic Evidence. Papers in Laboratory Phonology IV, 368-385. Cambridge Univ. Press.
- ↑ Goyvaerts, Didier L. 1988. Glottalized Consonants a New Dimension. Belgian Journal of Linguistics 3. 97-102. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
- Kutsch-Lojenga, Constance. 1989. Sirrin Bayan Wasikun Wasilo a Lendu . Jaridar Harsuna da Harsunan Afirka 11. 115-126. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.
- Tucker, Archibald N. 1940. Lendu . A Harsunan Sudan ta Gabas: Juzu'i na I, 380-418. Oxford: Jami'ar Oxford Press.
- Trifkovic, Mirjana. 1977. Sautin adana wasali a cikin Lendu . Nazarin Harsunan Afirka 8. 121-125.