Yaren Seri

Yaren Seri
Dangin harshen	Default Yaren Seri;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	–

Seri (Samfuri:Lang-sei)

Rubutun farko na harshen Seri sun fito ne daga shekara ta alif 1692, amma yawan jama'a sun kasance a ware. masu zurfi a kan Yaren Seri sun fara ne a cikin shekarar 1951 ta Edward da Mary Beck Moser tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Harshe ta bazara.

Harshen yana da amfani a cikin al'ummarsa kuma ana amfani dashi kyauta a rayuwar yau da kullun. Ban haka sun hada da makarantar firamare da sakandare, wasu sassan ayyukan coci na gida, da sadarwa tare da masu magana da Mutanen Espanya a waje da al'ummar Seri. Yawancin membobin al'umma, gami da matasa, suna da ƙwarewa a yarensu, amma yawan masu magana kaɗan ne kuma ilimin al'adu yana raguwa tun lokacin da aka maye gurbin salon rayuwar mafarauta da tarawa na gargajiya a cikin shekarun 1930 ta hanyar ƙauyuka. Bugu da ƙari, yara da yawa ba sa zama masu iya magana da harshe, saboda dalilai da yawa (makarantu, intanet, ko abokai marasa mahimmanci); wasu yara suna da harshe ɗaya a cikin Mutanen Espanya. wadannan dalilai, UNESCO ta lissafa Seri a matsayin harshe mai rauni.

Rarraba

Iyalin Serian iyali ne na harshe, tare da Seri a matsayin memba mai rai kawai; harsuna masu alaƙa sun ɓace a cikin ƙarni da suka gabata. ^[1] yi ƙoƙari don haɗa shi da Iyalin Yuman, zuwa yaren Salinan na California, da kuma dangin Hokan da suka fi girma. Wadannan ra'ayoyin sun fito ne daga lokacin da ake yin ƙoƙari don haɗa dukkan harsunan Amurka cikin iyalai. A game da Seri, duk da haka, an samar da ƙananan shaidu. Har sai an gabatar da irin wannan shaidar kuma an kimanta ta, ana ɗaukar yaren a matsayin mai ware.

Sunan

Sunan "Seri" shine sunan waje ga wannan mutanen da aka yi amfani da shi tun lokacin da aka fara hulɗa da Mutanen Espanya (wani lokacin ana rubuta su daban, kamar "Ceres"). Gilg ya ba da rahoton a cikin 1692 cewa sunan Mutanen Espanya ne, amma tabbas shine sunan da wani rukuni na yankin ya yi amfani da shi don komawa ga Seris. Duk da haka, da'awar zamani cewa kalmar Yaqui ce da ke nufin wani abu kamar "mutane na yashi" ^[2] ko kalmar Opata da ke nufin "mutane da ke gudu da sauri" ^[3] ba su da tushe na gaskiya; ba a gabatar da wata hujja ga tsohon ba kuma ba a gabatar ba da wata huja mai inganci ga na ƙarshe.

Sunan da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin al'ummar Seri kanta, don yaren, shine Cmiique iitom, wanda ya bambanta da Cocsar iitom ("harshe na Mutanen Espanya") da Maricaana iitom ("Harshen Ingilishi"). Maganar kalma ce mai suna wanda a zahiri " (wannan) wanda mutum mai suna Seri yake magana da shi". Kalmar Cmiique (phonetically [ˈkwĩ̃ːkːɛ]) ita ce sunan guda ɗaya don "mutum mai mahimmanci". Kalmar Iitom ita ce ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun kalma caaitom ("magana"), tare da prefix i- (mutum na uku mai shi), da kuma prefix mara amfani don mai ba da suna tare da wannan aji na tushen. Wani irin wannan magana da mutum ke ji a wasu lokuta don yaren shine Cmiique iimx, wanda shine irin wannan gini wanda ya dogara da kalmar aikatau quimx ("faɗar") (tushen = amx).

Sunan da kwamitin Seri ya zaba don sunan yaren da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin taken ƙamus na baya-bayan nan shine Comcaac quih Yaza, jam'i na Cmiique iitom . Ya dace da aikin irin wannan, kodayake ba kalma ce da aka saba amfani da ita ba. Comcaac (phonetically [koŋˈkɑːk]) shine nau'in jam'i na Cmiique kuma Yaza shine nau'i na jam'i wanda ya dace da Iitom. (ooza shine tushen jam'i, y- (tare da sautin sautin da ke tare) shine nominalizer; prefix don mai mallakar mutum na uku yana da alaƙa da y. Kalmar quih ita ce labarin guda ɗaya (wanda ya haɗu da sunan jam'i don komawa ga al'ummar Seri).

↑ For discussion of the Hokan question, see Campbell (1997), Marlett (2007) and Marlett (2011). For discussion of the relationship with Salinan, see Marlett (2008).
↑ Apparently this claim first appeared in 1981, in a small publication written by a nonacademic, published in Mexico. It has been commonly repeated since then.
↑ Peñafiel (1898:225) is the first known reference to a "probable" origin for the word "Seri" but this claim was creatively elaborated in McGee (1898:95, 124); McGee was making wild speculations as one untrained in such matters.

[:1-1] For discussion of the Hokan question, see Campbell (1997), Marlett (2007) and Marlett (2011). For discussion of the relationship with Salinan, see Marlett (2008).

[2] Apparently this claim first appeared in 1981, in a small publication written by a nonacademic, published in Mexico. It has been commonly repeated since then.

[3] Peñafiel (1898:225) is the first known reference to a "probable" origin for the word "Seri" but this claim was creatively elaborated in McGee (1898:95, 124); McGee was making wild speculations as one untrained in such matters.

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