Yaren Shilluk

Shilluk
Dhøg Cøllø
Yadda ake furta shi	[ nsi]
'Yan asalin ƙasar	Sudan ta Kudu
Yankin	Jihar Nilu ta Sama
Ƙabilar	Mutanen Shilluk
Masu magana da asali	570,000 (2017)
Iyalin harshe	Nilu da Sahara? Gabashin Sudan Nilotic Yammacin Nilotic Luo-Burun Luo Arewacin Luo Shilluk
Tsarin rubuce-rubuce	Latin
Matsayi na hukuma
Harshen hukuma a cikin	Masarautar Shilluk
Lambobin harshe
ISO 639-3	shk
Glottolog	shil1265

Shilluk (an Samar da Dhøg Cøllø, [d̪ɔ́ (ɡ) nsibukowa]) yare ne da Mutanen Shilluk na Sudan ta Kudu ke magana. Yana da alaƙa da sauran yarukan Luo. Shilluk furcin asalin Larabci ne.

Fasahar sauti

Sautin sautin

	A gaba	Tsakiya	Komawa
Kusa	i [i] i̠ [i̠] [ɪ] ɪ̠ [ɪ̠]		u [u] u̠ [u̠] [ʊ] ʊ̠ [ʊ̠]
Tsakanin	[ɛ] [e] e̠ [e̠] [ɛ] ɛ̠ [ɛ̠]		[ɔ][o] [o] o̠ [o̠] [ɔ] ɔ̠ [ɔ̠]
Bude		ʌ [ʌ] ʌ̠ [ʌ̠] [a] a̠ [a̠]

ɗayan waɗannan wasula kuma suna cikin tsari mai tsawo kuma nau'i mai tsawo wanda ke da sauti.

Tushen harshe mai ci gaba da janyewa

Shilluk, kamar yawancin yarukan Nilotic, ya bambanta wasula bisa ga wurin da suke magana. Ana furta su tare da ci gaban tushen harshe ko tare da janyewar tushen harshe. Gilley yana amfani da kalmomin "ƙara larynx" ko "ƙara mai hurawa".

[ɔ] tare [o] ci gaban tushen harshe sune [i], [e], [o], [ɔ], [a] da kuma bambance-bambance masu tsawo. Sautin da ke da maɓallin tushen harshe ana nuna su ta hanyar macron a ƙarƙashin harafin: [i̠], [e̠], [o̠], [ɔ̠], [u̠] da [a̠] da kuma bambance-bambance masu tsawo.

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

		Labari	Coronal		Dorsal
			Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Hanci		m [m]	n̪ [n̪]	n [n]	ɲ [ɲ]	ŋ [ŋ]
Plosive	voiceless	p [p]	t̪ [t̪]	t [t]	c [c]	k [k]
	voiced	b [b]	d̪ [d̪]	d [d]	j [ɟ]	g [ɡ]
Fricative				s [s]
Ruwa	rhotic			r [r]
	lateral			l [l]
Glide		w [w]			kuma [j]

Sauti

Shilluk yana wadataccen kayan sautuna, tare da akalla alamun sautuna bakwai na musamman ko tonemes.

Akwai matakan matakan guda uku: Low, Mid da High. Bugu da ƙari, akwai siffofi huɗu - Rise da kuma siffofi uku masu faduwa: Fall, High Fall da Late Fall. Wadannan ana nuna su ta hanyar alamomi masu zuwa:

	Bayani na sautin	Mai nuna alamar	Sautin sauti
Matsayi	Ƙananan	cv̀c (mai tsanani)	Sanya
	Tsakanin	cv̄c (macron)	Sanya
	Babba	cvvc (mai tsauri)	Sanya
An yi amfani da shi	Tashin hankali	cv̌c (caron)	Sanya
	Faɗuwa	cv̂c (circumflex)	Sanya
	Faduwa Mai Girma	cv̂́c (circumflex tare da ƙarancin magana)	Sanya
	Ƙarshen Faɗuwa	cvvv̀ (harshen magana da ya biyo bayan babbar magana)	Sanya

Tsarin sautin

kalmomi asalin da ba a canza su ba sun fi yawa. Tare da 'yan kaɗan, waɗannan ƙwayoyin monosyllabic yawanci sun ƙunshi farawa, wasali (nucleus), da coda. Tsarin shine: C (C_j/w) V (V) (V) C.

Harshen harshe

Yanayin Yanayi

Tushen monosyllabic yana haifar da kalmomin polysyllabic ta hanyar matakai na samo asali ko juyawa. aikatau da sunaye iri ɗaya, prefixes na yau da kullun sune /a- ʊ-/, kuma mafi yawan suffixes sune /-Cɪ -ɪ -a (-ɔ) / . Bugu ƙari, sauye-sauye na tsawon wasali da sautin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin juyawa.

Kalmomin

Nau'o'in magana mai sauƙi

Kalmomin Shilluk masu wucewa suna da tushen sauti wanda ya ƙunshi kalma ɗaya mai rufewa na nau'in / C (j / w) V (V) C / . "Wato, tushen wasula ko dai gajere ne ko tsawo, kuma tarin sassan an ƙuntata shi zuwa farkon, inda ko dai daga cikin sassan /w,j/ na iya bin wani sashi. " Akwai azuzuwan bakwai da aka rarrabe ta hanyar sauyawa dangane da tsawon wasula da sautin. Wadannan bambance-bambance an kwatanta su da batun-murya da ta gabata, wanda ya gabata na mutum na biyu, da kuma abu-murya mara cikakke a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa.

Nau'o'i Bakwai na Kalmomin Transitive

Kalma azuzuwan	Kyakkyawan gajeren lokaci		Takaitaccen matsayi		Tsawon Lokaci
	Ƙananan	Rashin faduwa	Ƙananan	Rashin faduwa	Ƙananan	Rashin faduwa	Babban faduwa
Misali	{Jiskiya'a} 'yanci'	{lɛ̂ŋ} 'ƙwanƙwasawa'	{càm} 'ci'	{mʌ̂l} 'yaushi'	{lɛ̀toge} ' jefawa'	{mâat̪} 'sha'	{m__wol____wol____wol__} 'yabo'
SV da ya gabata	Kristi	A-lɛŋ	a-càm	a-mʌ̂l	A kai	a-mâat̪	A-m yawon shakatawa
2SG da ya gabata	Kristi	A--lɛ̂ŋ	A-caam	a-mʌl	A-lɛ́ ya zama	a-mâaat̪	A-m ya yi aiki
OV IMPF	Mai faɗakarwa	ʊ̀-lɛ̂ŋ-ɔ̀	ʊ̀-càaam-ɔ̀	ʊ̀-mʌ̂-ɔ́	Rashin jituwa da	ʊ̀-mâaat̪-ɔ̀	Kayan aiki na yau da kullun

Sunaye

Canjin ma'anar ana nuna shi ta hanyar Alamar kai: mai mahimmanci da kuma gine-gine duka biyu ne da ke nuna kai, ba mai dogaro ba. Misali, Ingilishi yana da ƙwararrun mutum, inda kai yake ƙwararrun kuma alamar mallaka tana kan mutumin da ya dogara. Sabanin haka, Shilluk yana da wani abu mai mahimmanci a kan kai (misali, Duup = "rashin hankali", dû́uup = "Rashin hankali na".

An yi alama da lambar, amma ba a gano tsarin da za a iya hangowa ba. haka, akwai alamu daban-daban sama da 140 na alamar lambobi a kan sunaye.

Lambobin a cikin Shilluk sunaye ne.

Rubutun kalmomi

An kirkiro haruffa na Latin don Shilluk ta hanyar mishaneri na Kirista a farkon karni na 20. Akwai haruffa a cikin rubutun Shilluk; wasula 10 da ƙamus 19.

a

A

zuwa

A.

aa

b

c

d

dh

da kuma

shi ne

E.C.E.

Ya kasance a cikin

ee

f

g

i

a cikin

Tun da farko

Ya kasance

na biyu

j

k

l

lg

lh

ly

m

ng

nh

ny

o

ó

ò

ö

oo

p

q

r

t

th

u

U

Ya kasance

ü

uu

v

w

x

da kuma

ø

Rubutun samfurin

• 
  Gwɛtti Dhɔ Cɔlɔ da na yi
• 
  Gwedd ki Dhøg Cøllø maza nyänø
• 
  Cigg dyërø mi dhaanhø ki Dhøg Cøllø ki yij wänyø mi cigg Pödh Cøllö