Yaren Sio

 

Siyu (wanda kuma ake kira Siâ) yare ne na Austronesian wanda kusan mutane 3,500 ke magana a arewacin gabar tekun Huon Peninsula a Lardin Morobe, Papua New Guinea . A cewar Harding da Clark (1994), masu magana da Sio sun zauna a ƙauye ɗaya a kan wani karamin tsibirin da ke bakin teku har zuwa Yaƙin Pacific, bayan haka suka kafa ƙauyuka huɗu a bakin tekun da ke kusa: Lambutina, Basakalo, Laelo, da Balambu. Nambariwa, wani ƙauyen bakin teku da ke da nisan kilomita zuwa gabas, shi ma yana magana da Siyu

Michael Stolz (ya mutu a shekara ta 1931) na Ofishin Jakadancin Lutheran na Jamus Neuendettelsauer ya isa a shekara ta 1910, kuma mazauna ƙauyen Sio sun tuba a cikin 1919. "Tun daga wannan lokacin Sio sun samar da masu bisharar Lutheran da yawa, ma'aikatan mishan, malamai, da ma'aikatan coci" (Harding da Clark 1994: 31). Koyaya, an sanya ƙauyukan Sio a cikin mafi yawan yankin yaren Papuan Kâte, maimakon mafi yawan yankin Harshen Jabêm na Austronesian. Rubutun Sio na farko ya dogara ne akan na Kâte, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin bugawa a 1953 na Miti Kanaŋo, littafi mai dauke da labarun Littafi Mai-Tsarki, Luther's Small Catechism, da kuma waƙoƙi 160, duk a cikin harshen Sio. Stolz shine babban mai fassara, kodayake yawancin waƙoƙin sun hada da masu magana da harshen Sio, kuma L. Wagner, wanda ya gaji Stolz, ya shirya dukkan ƙarar.

Fasahar sauti

Sautin sautin (a orthographic)

[ɔ] kiran sautin baya [ɔ]. Duk sautin sun bambanta da tsawon, amma tsawon ba shi da bambanci. Ana ƙara sunayen monosyllabic da adjectives fiye da aikatau monosyllavic, adverbs, ko prepositions. Magana ta jaddada yawanci tana fadawa a kan sashi na ƙarshe.

	A gaba	Komawa
Babba	i	u
Tsakanin	da kuma	o
Ƙananan	a	â

Consonants (a halin yanzu orthography)

Lokacin da Stephen da Dawn Clark na SIL International suka fara aiki tare da masu magana da Sio a 1985, wannan na ƙarshe ya nuna sha'awar sake fasalin rubutun su don yin kama da abin da mutane suka saba da shi a cikin Tok Pisin da Ingilishi. Sakamakon ƙarshe an tsara su a cikin ginshiƙi mai zuwa. Da farko al'umma ta yi tsayayya da rubuta kalmomin labialized a matsayin digraphs, tunda a bayyane suke ɗaukar su a matsayin phonemes naúrar. Sun nace kan rubuta labialization a matsayin superscripts maimakon a matsayin sassa daban-daban. Koyaya, a shekara ta 1992, bayan an samar da kayan aiki da yawa a cikin sabon rubutun, malamai na Sio da jami'an da'irar coci sun amince da rubuta alamar labialization a kan wannan layin, don haka sun yarda da mw">mw maimakon mw (Clark 1993).

	Biyuwa	Dental	Alveopalatal	Velar
Rashin murya	p / pw	t		k
Magana	b / bw	d	z	g
An riga an haife shi	mb / mbw	nd	nz	Gãnuwa
Hanci	m / mw	n		ŋ
Fricative	v		s
Ruwa		l / r
Kusanci	w		da kuma

Consonants (ainihin rubutun)

Mishan Michael Stolz ne ya kirkiro rubutun farko na Sio, bisa ga harshen Kâte, wanda aikin Lutheran na Jamus ya yi amfani da shi azaman coci da harshen makaranta tsakanin masu magana da Harsunan Papua. (Sio ya bayyana an sanya shi a cikin harshen da ba daidai ba.) Masanin harshe Otto Dempwolff ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara da mai ba da shawarar ga duk masu wa'azi na Jamus a New Guinea kan tambayoyin harshe. Bayan Stolz ya mutu, Dempwolff ya bincika kayan harshensa kuma ya tattara ɗan gajeren zane (1936). Binciken da ya yi ya bambanta da na Clark (1993), wanda ya sami gogewa ta farko tare da harshen. Bambanci mafi ban sha'awa ya shafi [mɡ͡b], wanda Dempwolff ya bincika a matsayin coarticulated [k͡p], [ɡ͡b], [ŋ͡m], amma wanda Clark ya sami a matsayin Labialized labials (ƙwallo a saki) [pʷ], [bʷ], [mbʷ], [mʷ]. (q mai laushi a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa yana tsaye ne don q mai laushi tare da serifs masu laushi waɗanda ba za a iya fassara su a kan layi ba.) Amma Clark ya kuma gano cewa g- [ɡ] da -c- [ɣ] sun kasance bambance-bambance na matsayi iri ɗaya; wanda aka yi wa [r] kawai bambance-mbance ne na ƙayyadaddun [ɾ]; kuma cewa masu kusanci sune bambance- bambance-babbanambance na wasulan su.

	Biyuwa	Laburaren	Dental	Alveopalatal	Velar
Rashin murya	p	q	t		k
Magana	b	q	d	z	g-
An riga an haife shi	mb	mq	nd	ʒ- / -nz-	Gãnuwa
Hanci	m	Tunatarwa	n		ŋ
Fricative	v			s	-c-
Ruwa			l / r
Kusanci	w			j