Yarukan Ghana
 Yarukan Ghana | |
|---|---|
languages of a country (en)  | |
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| Bayanai | |
| Mai-ɗaukan nauyi | Gwamnatin Ghana |
| Ƙasa | Ghana |
Kasar Ghana kasa ce mai amfani da harsuna da yawa inda ake magana da kusan yare tamanin.[1] Daga cikin waɗannan, Ingilishi, wanda aka gada daga zamanin mulkin mallaka, shine yaren hukuma da yaren franca.[2][3] Daga cikin yarukan asalin Ghana, Akan ne akafi amfani dashi.[4]
Kasar Ghana tana da kabilu sama da guda saba'in, kowannensu yana da nasa harshen na daban. Harsunan da ke cikin kabila ɗaya yawanci ana iya fahimtar juna. Misali, harshen Dagbanli da Pampelle na yankin Arewa, suna da fahimtar juna tare da yaren Frafra da Waali na Yankin Yammacin Ghana. Waɗannan yarukan guda huɗu sune ƙabilar Mole-Dagbani.
Harsuna goma sha ɗaya suna da matsayin yarukan da gwamnati ke tallafawa: yarukan Akan uku (Akuapem Twi, Asante Twi da Fante) da yarukan kabilu biyu na Mole-Dagbani (Dagaare da Dagbanli). Sauran sune Ewe, Dangme, Ga, Nzema, Gonja, da Kasem.
Harsunan da gwamnati ke daukar nauyi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Adadin yarukan da gwamnati ke daukar nauyi sun kai guda goma sha daya ko tara, ya danganta da ko ana daukar Akuapem Twi, Asante Twi, da Fante a matsayin yare daya. Ofishin Harsunan na Ghana ne ke tallafa musu, wanda aka kafa a 1951 kuma yake buga littattafai a cikin yarukan; a lokacin da ake amfani da harsunan Gana a ilimin firamare, waɗannan sune yarukan da ake amfani dasu. Duk waɗannan yarukan suna cikin dangin harsunan Nijar – Congo, kodayake suna da rassa daban-daban.
Akan (Fante, Asante Twi da Akuapem Twi)[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
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Akan, wani bangare ne na reshen Kwa na dangin Niger-Congo, yare ne na ci gaba, amma, dangane da matsayin hukuma, uku ne kawai daga cikin ire-iren Akan da yawa ake ganewa: Fante, Asante Twi, Akuapem Twi. Idan aka ɗauka gaba ɗaya, Akan shine yaren da aka fi amfani da shi a Gana.
Ewe[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ewe yare ne na Gbe, wani bangare na Volta – Niger reshen dangin Niger-Congo. Ana amfani da Harshen Ewe a kasashe kamar Ghana, Togo da Benin tare da alamar harshen a Yammacin Najeriya.
Dagbani[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Dagbani na ɗaya daga cikin yarukan Gur. Ya kasance daga babbar ƙabilar Mole-Dagbani da aka samo a ƙasashen Ghana da Burkina Faso. Dagombas ne ke magana da shi a yankin Arewacin Ghana.
Dangme[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Dangme ɗayan yare ne na Ga – Dangme a cikin reshen Kwa. Ana magana da shi a Greater Accra, a kudu maso gabashin Ghana da Togo.
Dagaare[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Dagaare wani yare ne na Gur. Ana magana da shi a cikin Yankin Yammacin Ghana. Ana kuma magana da shi a Burkina Faso.
Ga[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ga shine sauran harshen Ga – Dangme a cikin reshen Kwa. Ana magana da Ga a kudu maso gabashin Ghana, a ciki da kewayen babban birnin Accra.
Nzema[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Nzema ɗayan yarukan Bia ne, suna da kusanci da Akan. Mutanen Nzema ne ke magana da shi a Yankin Yammacin Ghana. Ana kuma magana da shi a cikin Ivory Coast.
Kasem[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kasem yare ne na Gurunsi, a cikin reshen Gur. Ana magana da shi a cikin Yankin Gabashin Gabas na Ghana. Ana kuma magana da shi a Burkina Faso.
Gonja[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gonja ɗayan yare ne na Guang, ɓangare na yarukan Tano a cikin reshen Kwa tare da Akan da Bia. Ana magana da shi a Yankin Arewacin Ghana da Wa.
Yaren da ake magana a Ghana ta yawan masu magana[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wannan jadawalin yana nuna bayanan da aka bayar ta Ethnologue.
| Fita | Harshe | Masu iya magana |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Turanci | 9,800,000 |
| 2 | Akan(Fante/Twi) | 9,100,000 |
| 3 | Turanci Pidgin na Ghana | 5,000,000 |
| 4 | Ewe | 3,820,000 |
| 5 | Abron | 1,170,000 |
| 6 | Dagbani | 1,160,000 |
| 7 | Dangme | 1,020,000 |
| 8 | Dagaare | 924,000 |
| 9 | Kokomba | 831,000 |
| 10 | Ga | 745,000 |
| 11 | Farefare | 638,000 |
| 12 | Kusaal | 535,000 |
| 13 | Mampruli | 316,000 |
| 14 | Gonja | 310,000 |
| 15 | Sehwi | 305,000 |
| 16 | Nzema | 299,000 |
| 17 | Wasa | 273,000 |
| 18 | Sisaala, Tumulung | 219,000 |
| 19 | Sisaala, Western | 219,000 |
| 20 | Bimoba | 176,000 |
| 21 | Ahanta | 175,000 |
| 22 | Ntcham | 169,000 |
| 23 | Buli | 168,000 |
| 24 | Bisa | 166,000 |
| 25 | Kasem | 149,000 |
| 26 | Tem | 134,000 |
| 27 | Cherepon | 132,000 |
| 28 | Birifor, Southern | 125,000 |
| 29 | Anufo | 91,300 |
| 30 | Wali | 84,800 |
| 31 | Larteh | 74,000 |
| 32 | Siwu | 71,900 |
| 33 | Chumburung | 69,000 |
| 34 | Anyin | 66,400 |
| 35 | Nafaanra | 61,000 |
| 36 | Krache | 58,000 |
| 37 | Lelemi | 48,900 |
| 38 | Deg | 42,900 |
| 39 | Paasaal | 36,000 |
| 40 | Kabre, (harshe kabre) | 35,642 |
| 41 | Avatime | 27,200 |
| 42 | Kulango, Bondoukou | 27,000 |
| 43 | Sekpele | 23,000 |
| 44 | Delo | 18,400 |
| 45 | Jwira-Pepesa | 18,000 |
| 46 | Gua | 17,600 |
| 47 | Tampulma | 16,000 |
| 48 | Kulango, Bouna | 15,500 |
| 49 | Ligbi | 15,000 |
| 50 | Nawuri | 14,000 |
| 51 | Vagla | 13,900 |
| 52 | Tuwuli | 11,400 |
| 53 | Selee | 11,300 |
| 54 | Adele | 11,000 |
| 55 | Nkonya | 11,000 |
| 56 | Gikyode | 10,400 |
| 57 | Dwang | 8,200 |
| 58 | Akposo | 7,500 |
| 59 | Logba | 7,500 |
| 60 | Nkami | 7,000 |
| 61 | Hanga | 6,800 |
| 62 | Nyangbo | 6,400 |
| 63 | Chakali | 6,000 |
| 64 | Harshen Kurame na Ghana | 6,000 |
| 65 | Safaliba | 5,000 |
| 66 | Tafi | 4,400 |
| 67 | Fulfulde, Maasina | 4,240 |
| 68 | Adangbe/Dangbe | 4,000 |
| 69 | Konni | 3,800 |
| 70 | Adamorobe yaren kurame | 3,500 |
| 71 | Chala | 3,000 |
| 72 | Kamara | 3,000 |
| 73 | Kantosi | 2,300 |
| 74 | Kusuntu | 2,100 |
| 75 | Nchumbulu | 1,800 |
| 76 | Kplang | 1,600 |
| 77 | Dompo | 970 |
| 78 | Animere | 700 |
| 79 | Hausa | ba bayyananne ba |
| 80 | Lama | ba bayyananne ba |
| 81 | Nawdm | ba bayyananne ba |
Tsarin harshe[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yaren Ghana na cikin rassa masu zuwa a cikin dangin harsunan Nijar – Congo:
- Harsunan Kwa (Akan, Bia, Guang in Tano; Ga da Adangme)
- Harsunan Gbe (Ewe)
- Harsunan Gur (Gurunsi, Dagbani, Mossi, Dagaare, and Frafra a cikin Oti–Volta)
- Harsunan Senufo (Nafaanra)
- Harsunan Kulango
- Harsunan Mande (Wangara, Ligbi)
Tsoffin rabe-raben na iya maye gurbin su kamar Kwa, Gur, da Mande.
Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Nassoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ "Ghana," in: Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2014. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th ed.Murica Texas: SIL International.
- ↑ "The Bureau Of Ghana Languages-BGL". Ghana Embassy Washington DC, USA. 2013. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Bernd Kortmann Walter de Gruyter, 2004 (2004). A handbook of varieties of English. 1. Phonology, Volume 2. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9783110175325. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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