Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh

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Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh
Governor of Egypt for the Abbasid Caliphate (en) Fassara

934 - 935
← Muhammad ibn Takin (en) Fassara - Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid (en) Fassara →
Governor of Egypt for the Abbasid Caliphate (en) Fassara

933 - 934
← Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid (en) Fassara - Muhammad ibn Takin (en) Fassara →
Governor of Egypt for the Abbasid Caliphate (en) Fassara

923 - 924
← Abu'l-Hasan Hilal ibn Badr (en) Fassara - Takin al-Khazari (en) Fassara →
Rayuwa
Haihuwa 9 century
ƙasa Daular Abbasiyyah
Mutuwa 10 century
Sana'a
Sana'a soja da wāli (en) Fassara
Imani
Addini Musulunci

Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh (Larabci: أحمد بن كيغلغ) hafsan sojan Abbasiyawa ne dan asalin Turkiya wanda yayi gwamna a kasashen Siriya da Masar. Muhammad bn Tughj ya hambarar da shi a matsayin gwamnan Masar a shekara ta 935.

Rayuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A watan Nuwamba 903 ya halarci yakin Hama da aka yi da Qarmatiyawa tare da dan uwansa Ibrahim, karkashin jagorancin Muhammad bn Sulayman al-Katib,[1] inda 'yan'uwan biyu, da sauran hafsoshin sojojin suka samu riguna. Halifa al-Muktafi a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 904.[2]

Bayan Abbasiyawa sun kwato Siriya da Masar daga Tulunids a shekara ta 904-905, an nada Ibn Kayghalagh gwamnan lardunan Damascus da Jordan.[3][4] Ba da da ewa ba sai aka tura shi ya fuskanci tawayen Tulunid na Muhammad bn Ali al-Khalanji. Na karshen ya yi nasarar kama Fustat tare da shelanta maido da Tulunids, yayin da kwamandan Abbasiyawa na yankin ya koma Alexandria.[5] Al-Khalanji ya tabbatar da nasara a karon farko da Ibn Kayghalagh ya yi a al-Arish a watan Disamba 905, amma a karshe aka ci nasara da shi aka kama shi a watan Mayun 906 aka kai shi Bagadaza.[5][6][7] A lokacin da Ibn Kayghalagh ba ya nan, sai mutanen Qarmatiyawa suka kai farmaki a kasar Jordan suka yi galaba a kan Yusuf ibn Ibrahim ibn Bughamardi mataimakin Ibn Kayghalagh, suka kuma kashe su, suka janye kawai a lokacin da suke gabatowa da dakarun Bagadaza karkashin al-Husayn bn Hamdan.[4][8]

A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 906, ya jagoranci farmakin shekara-shekara kan daular Rumawa daga Tarsus, tare da gwamna Rustam ibn Baradu. A cewar al-Tabari, sun yi galaba a kan Rumawa a "Salandu" inda suka kai har zuwa kogin Halys, inda suka yi garkuwa da mutane 4,000 ko 5,000 da dawakai da shanu da dama a matsayin ganima. Bugu da kari, an bayar da rahoton cewa daya daga cikin kwamandojin Rumawa na yankin ya mika kansa ya kuma musulunta.[9]

Bayan tawayen Hamdanid Husayn bn Hamdan a shekara ta 914/5, Ibn Kayghalagh yana daya daga cikin kwamandojin da aka ba wa yakin daular Hussaini da dawo da zaman lafiya a Jazira. Sai dai Hussaini ya gana ya fatattaki sojojin halifa da aka tilasta masa janyewa, ya kuma ci gaba da kaurace wa gwamnati har sai da Janar Mu’nis al-Muzaffar ya kama shi.[10]

A cikin watan Yuli na shekara ta 923, aka nada Ibn Kayghalagh a matsayin gwamnan Masar, amma nan da nan ya fuskanci tawaye daga dakarun sojojin, wadanda ba a biya su albashi ba, aka maye gurbinsa da Takin al-Khazari a watan Afrilun 924. Bayan shekaru hudu sai aka tura shi birnin Qasr. ibn Hubayra ya biyo bayan harin da Qarmatiya ya kai wa garin, amma a lokacin da ya isa Qarmatiyawa sun janye, sojojin kuma suka koma Bagadaza ba tare da sun shiga ba.[11] A shekara ta 931 yana aiki a matsayin gwamnan Isfahan lokacin da Dalamite Lashkari suka kai masa hari, wanda ya ci Ibn Kayghalagh ya mamaye birnin. An ruwaito Ibn Kayghalagh ya ceci lamarin, duk da haka, ta hanyar hada kai da jagoran ‘yan tawayen a fada guda tare da kashe shi, inda mabiyan Lashkari suka gudu aka kwato birnin.[12]

A cikin Maris 933 Takin ya mutu a Misira, amma dansa kuma wanda aka zaba, Muhammad, ya kasa kafa ikonsa a lardin. A watan Agusta ne aka nada gwamnan Damascus Muhammad ibn Tughj a matsayin sabon gwamna amma an soke nadin bayan wata guda kafin ya isa Masar. An sake nada Ibn Kayghalagh a matsayinsa, yayin da aka aika wani bābā mai suna Bushri don maye gurbin Ibn Tughj a Damascus ma. Ibn Tughj ya bijirewa wanda zai maye gurbinsa, ya ci nasara ya kama Bushri. Daga nan ne Halifan ya tuhumi Ibn Kayghalagh da cewa ya tilastawa Ibn Tughj mika wuya, amma duk da cewa na farko ya yi tattaki a kan Ibn Tughj, amma duk sun kaucewa fada kai tsaye. A maimakon haka mutanen biyu sun gana kuma suka cimma yarjejeniya na taimakon juna, tare da tabbatar da halin da ake ciki.[13]

Nan da nan Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh ya tabbatar da cewa ba zai iya maido da oda a Masar da ke dada tashe-tashen hankula ba. A shekara ta 935, sojojin sun yi bore saboda rashin albashi, kuma an fara kai hare-hare na Bedouin. A lokaci guda kuma, ɗan Takin Muhammad da mai kula da harkokin kuɗi, Abu Bakr Muhammad bn Ali al-Madhara'i, suka yi wa Ibn Kayghalagh zagon ƙasa, suna kwaɗayin matsayinsa.[14] Rikicin ya barke tsakanin sojojin Gabas (Mashariqa), manyan sojojin Turkiyya, wadanda suka goyi bayan Muhammad ibn Takin, da Turawan Yamma (Maghariba), watakila Berbers da Bakar fata, wadanda suka goyi bayan Ibn Kayghalagh.[15] Tare da goyon bayan ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarfi a Bagadaza, Ibn Tughj ya taɓa zama gwamnan Masar. Ba tare da wata dama ba, Ibn Tughj ya shirya mamaye kasar ta kasa da ruwa. Ko da yake Ibn Kayghalagh ya iya jinkirta ci gaban sojojin Ibn Tughj, amma rundunar sojojin ta dauki Tinnis da Kogin Nilu suka wuce Fustat babban birnin kasar. Ahmad bn Kayghalagh ya fice ya kuma ci nasara a yakin, sai ya gudu zuwa wajen Fatimidu. Mai nasara Muhammad bn Tughj ya shiga Fustat ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 935.[16] Babu wani abu da aka sani game da Ibn Kayghalagh bayan haka, sai dai a takaice ambatonsa a shekara ta 936.[17]

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sources[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Margoliouth, D.S., ed. (1921). The Concluding Portion of the Experience of Nations, by Miskawaihi, Vol. I: Reigns of Muqtadir, Qahir and Radi. London: Oxford.
  • Bacharach, Jere L. (1975). "The Career of Muḥammad Ibn Ṭughj Al-Ikhshīd, a Tenth-Century Governor of Egypt". Speculum. Medieval Academy of America. 50 (4): 586–612. doi:10.2307/2855469. ISSN 0038-7134. JSTOR 2855469.
  • Template:The Cambridge History of Egypt
  • Brett, Michael (2001). The Rise of the Fatimids: The World of the Mediterranean and the Middle East in the Fourth Century of the Hijra, Tenth Century CE. The Medieval Mediterranean. 30. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 9004117415.
  1. ↑ Rosenthal 1985, pp. 138–140.
  2. ↑ Rosenthal 1985, p. 146.
  3. ↑ Rosenthal 1985, p. 158.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Gil 1997, p. 313.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gil 1997, p. 314.
  6. ↑ Rosenthal 1985, pp. 156, 169–170.
  7. ↑ Bianquis 1998, p. 110.
  8. ↑ Rosenthal 1985, pp. 158–159.
  9. ↑ Rosenthal 1985, pp. 172, 180.
  10. ↑ Margoliouth 1921, pp. 40-42.
  11. ↑ Margoliouth 1921, p. 206.
  12. ↑ Margoliouth 1921, pp. 239-240.
  13. ↑ Bacharach 1975, pp. 591–592.
  14. ↑ Bacharach 1975, pp. 592–593.
  15. ↑ Brett 2001, p. 161.
  16. ↑ Bacharach 1975, pp. 592–594.
  17. ↑ Rosenthal 1985, p. 139 (note 677).
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