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Allurar rigakafin Rotavirus

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rotavirus vaccine
essential medicine (en) Fassara da vaccine type (en) Fassara
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Vaccine for (en) Fassara Rotavirus (en) Fassara da gudawa
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Brand (en) Fassara RotaTeq (en) Fassara da Rotarix (en) Fassara
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Alurar rigakafin rotavirus Ta kasance wata allurar rigakafi ce da ake amfani da ita don karewa daga kamuwa da cutar rotavirus, wadanda ke haifar da mummunar gudawa a tsakanin kananan yara. [1] Alurar rigakafin ya hana kashi 15 – 34% na zawo mai tsanani a kasashe masu tasowa da kuma kashi 37 – 96% na hadarin mutuwa tsakanin kananan yara saboda tsananin gudawa. [1] Yin rigakafi ga jarirai yana rage yawan cututtuka a tsakanin tsofaffi da waɗanda ba a yi musu rigakafi ba. [2]

Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ba da shawarar a saka allurar rigakafin rotavirus a cikin shirye-shiryen rigakafin yau da kullun na kasa, musamman a wuraren da cutar ta zama ruwan dare. [1] Wannan ya kamata a yi tare da inganta shayarwa, wanke hannu, ruwa mai tsabta, da tsafta mai kyau. [1] Ana ba da shi ta baki kuma yana buƙatar allurai biyu ko uku. [1] Magungunan suna da lafiya. [1] Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da su a cikin masu fama da cutar HIV/AIDS . [1] Ana yin rigakafin ne daga raunin rotavirus . [1]

An fara samun rigakafin a Amurka a cikin 2006. [3] Yana cikin jerin Mahimman Magunguna na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya . [4] Ana samun rigakafin a ƙasashe da yawa. [1]

Amfanin likita

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Tasiri

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Gwajin aminci da inganci a Afirka da Asiya sun gano cewa alluran rigakafin sun rage mugunyar cututtuka a tsakanin jarirai a ƙasashe masu tasowa, inda akasarin mace-mace masu alaƙa da rotavirus ke faruwa. [5] [6] Wani bita na tsarin Cochrane na 2021 ya kammala cewa Rotavac, Rotateq, da Rotarix alluran rigakafi ba su da lafiya kuma suna da tasiri wajen hana gudawa da ke da alaƙa da kamuwa da cutar rotavirus. [7]

Ana ba da lasisin allurar rigakafin rotavirus a cikin ƙasashe sama da 100, kuma sama da ƙasashe 80 sun ƙaddamar da allurar rigakafin rotavirus na yau da kullun. [8] Yawan kamuwa da cutar rotavirus ya ragu sosai a cikin ƙasashen da suka aiwatar da shawarar gabatar da rigakafin rotavirus. [9] A kasar Mexico, wadda a shekarar 2006 ta kasance cikin kasashe na farko a duniya da suka bullo da allurar rigakafin cutar rotavirus, yawan mace-macen cutar gudawa daga rotavirus ya ragu da fiye da kashi 65 cikin 100 na yara masu shekaru biyu da kasa da haka a lokacin rotavirus na shekarar 2009. [10] A Nicaragua, wanda a cikin 2006 ya zama ƙasa ta farko mai tasowa don gabatar da rigakafin rotavirus, masu bincike sun yi tasiri mai yawa, tare da rigakafin rotavirus yana hana 60% na lokuta a kan rotavirus mai tsanani da yanke ziyarar gaggawa a cikin rabin. [11] A Amurka, allurar rigakafi ya rage yawan asibitocin da ke da alaƙa da rotavirus da kusan kashi 86 cikin ɗari tun daga 2006. A cikin watan Afrilun 2016, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta fitar da kididdiga na tsawon shekarun 2000-2013, wanda ya nuna kasashe masu tasowa da suka bullo da allurar rigakafin cutar rotavirus sun sami raguwa sosai a cikin mace-mace da asibitoci daga cutar gudawa ta rotavirus bayan gabatarwa. [12] [6]

Bugu da ƙari, alluran rigakafin kuma na iya hana rashin lafiya a cikin yaran da ba a yi musu allurar ba ta hanyar ƙayyadaddun kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar adadin cututtukan da ke yawo. [2] Binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2014 na bayanan gwaji na asibiti daga ƙasashe da ke amfani da allurar rigakafin rotavirus akai-akai a cikin shirye-shiryen rigakafin su na ƙasa ya gano cewa allurar rigakafin rotavirus sun rage asibitocin rotavirus da kashi 49-92% kuma duk abin da ke haifar da cutar zawo da kashi 17-55%. [13]

Jadawalin

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Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar ba da kashi na farko na rigakafin nan da nan bayan makonni shida da haihuwa. [1]

Nau'ukan

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Rotarix

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Maganin Rotarix don gudanar da baki

Rotarix wani maganin alurar riga kafi ne, ɗan adam, mai rai wanda ya ƙunshi nau'in rotavirus na G1P[8]. Ana nuna Rotarix don rigakafin rotavirus gastroenteritis wanda G1 da nau'in G1 ba (G3, G4, da G9) ke haifarwa lokacin da aka gudanar da shi azaman jerin kashi 2 a jarirai da yara. [14] An amince da shi a cikin Tarayyar Turai a cikin 2006, kuma ta Amurka FDA a cikin Afrilu 2008. [15] [16] Ana dauka da baki . [17] [18]

Rotateq

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Rotateq rigakafi ne mai rai, na baka wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan rotavirus guda biyar da aka samar ta hanyar sakewa. An keɓance nau'ikan iyaye na reassortants daga rundunonin mutane da na dabbobi. </link>Rotaviruses guda huɗu sun bayyana ɗaya daga cikin capsid na waje, VP7, sunadaran (serotypes G1, G2, G3, ko G4) daga nau'in mahaifa na rotavirus ɗan adam da furotin da aka makala VP4 (nau'in P7) daga ƙwayar [ <span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (May 2024)">rotavirus</span> ] .Kwayar cutar reassortant ta biyar tana bayyana furotin na VP4, (nau'in P1A), daga nau'in mahaifa <span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (May 2024)">na</span> ] [ adam da furotin capsid na waje VP7 (serotype G6) daga mahaifa rotavirus mahaifa. </link>A cikin Fabrairu 2006, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna [ ] <span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (May 2024)">(</span> FDA) ta amince da Rotateq don amfani a cikin Amurka. [19] [20] A cikin Agusta 2006, Lafiya Kanada ta amince da Rotateq don amfani a Kanada.[21] Merck ya yi aiki tare da abokan hulɗa da yawa ciki har da ƙungiyoyin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu don haɓakawa da aiwatar da hanyoyin samar da damar yin amfani da wannan rigakafin a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa, [22] ƙoƙarin da aka yi niyyar kawo ƙarshen 2020. [23]

Rotavac

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An ba Rotavac lasisi don amfani a Indiya a cikin 2014, kuma Bharat Biotech International Limited ne ke ƙera shi. Yana da rayayye mai rai, maganin alurar riga kafi mai ɗauke da nau'in G9P[11] na ɗan adam wanda ya keɓe daga ɗan Indiya. [24] Ana ba da shi ta baki a cikin jerin allurai uku, tsakanin makonni hudu, farawa daga makonni shida da haihuwa har zuwa watanni takwas. [25]

Rotavin-M1

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Rotavin-M1 an ba shi lasisi don amfani a Vietnam a cikin 2007, kuma Cibiyar Bincike da Samar da alluran rigakafi ce ke ƙerawa. Alurar rigakafin ta ƙunshi nau'in rotavirus ɗan adam G1P[8].[26]

Lanzhou rago

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An ba da lasisin yin amfani da maganin rigakafin rotavirus na Lanzhou a China a shekara ta 2000, kuma Cibiyar Kayayyakin Halittu ta Lanzhou ce ke kera ta. Ya ƙunshi nau'in rotavirus ɗan rago G10P[12].[26]

Rotasiil

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Rotasiil allurar pentavalent ce ta lyophilized da aka ba da lasisi don amfani a Indiya a cikin 2018. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan rotavirus serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4 da G9. Wannan shi ne rigakafin zafin jiki na farko a duniya wanda za'a iya adana shi ba tare da firiji ba ko ƙasa da 25 °C. Cibiyar Serum ta Indiya ce ke ƙera Rotasiil. [27] [28]

Tarihi

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A cikin 1998, an ba da lasisin amfani da maganin rotavirus (RotaShield, ta Wyeth ) don amfani a Amurka. Gwaje-gwaje na asibiti a Amurka, Finland, da Venezuela sun gano cewa yana da tasiri 80 zuwa 100% wajen hana zawo mai tsanani ta hanyar rotavirus. A, kuma masu bincike ba su gano wani tasiri mai mahimmanci na ƙididdiga ba. Duk da haka binciken bayan lasisi da Trudy Murphy da abokan aikinta suka gudanar a Amurka a Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin (CDC) da Kramarz et al., sun gano cewa jariran da suka karɓi maganin sun kasance sau 30 sun fi kamuwa da wani nau'i mai tsanani. na toshewar hanji, wanda ake kira intussusception, a cikin kwanaki 3 zuwa 7 bayan kashi na farko fiye da jarirai marasa alurar riga kafi. [29] [30] An kiyasta haɗarin da ya wuce kima tsakanin shari'a ɗaya a cikin alluran rigakafi 5,000 zuwa 10,000. Dangane da waɗannan bayanan, Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari kan Ayyukan rigakafi (ACIP) ya janye shawarar yin amfani da maganin, [31] kuma mai yin maganin ya janye shi daga kasuwa a cikin 1999. Daga nan sai ya biyo bayan shekaru takwas na jinkiri har sai masana'antun masu hamayya sun iya gabatar da sababbin maganin rigakafi da aka nuna sun fi aminci da tasiri a cikin yara: Rotarix ta GlaxoSmithKline [14] da Rotateq ta Merck . [32] Dukansu ana shan su da baki kuma suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai na naƙasassu. [3]

Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da shawarar cewa a saka allurar rigakafin cutar rotavirus a cikin dukkan jadawalin rigakafi na kasa saboda hadarin kamuwa da kamuwa da cutar bayan allurar rigakafin rotavirus ya ragu sosai idan aka kwatanta da fa'idar rigakafin kamuwa da cutar gudawa mai tsanani. [33]

Al'umma da al'adu

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Ilimin tattalin arziki

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Wani bita na 2009 ya kiyasta cewa allurar rigakafin rotavirus zai hana kusan kashi 45% na mace-mace saboda rotavirus gastroenteritis, ko kuma kusan mutuwar 228,000 a duk duniya. A dalar Amurka 5 a kowace kashi, kiyasin farashin kowane rai da aka ceto shine $3,015, $9,951 da $11,296 a cikin ƙananan ƙasashe, ƙananan matsakai-, da manyan masu shiga tsakani, bi da bi. [34]

Fiye da ƙasashe 80 sun gabatar da allurar rigakafin rotavirus na yau da kullun, kusan rabin tare da tallafin Gavi, Ƙungiyar Alurar riga kafi .[26]

Dakatarwar ɗan lokaci a Amurka

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A cikin Maris 2010, gano DNA daga nau'in circovirus nau'in 1 da 2 a cikin Rotateq da Rotarix ya sa FDA ta dakatar da yin amfani da maganin rigakafi na rotavirus yayin gudanar da bincike kan gano DNA daga porcine circovirus-1 (PCV1) a cikin maganin tare da haɗin gwiwar. tare da mambobi 12 na Kwamitin Ba da Shawarar Magunguna da Magungunan Halittu (VRBPAC). [35] A ranar 6 ga Mayu 2010, FDA ta ba da sanarwar yanke shawarar soke dakatarwar, inda ta bayyana cewa nau'in circovirus nau'in 1 da 2 ba su da haɗarin aminci a cikin ɗan adam kuma ta kammala cewa haɗarin lafiyar da ke tattare da shi bai lalata fa'idodin rigakafin ba. [35] A cikin watan Mayun 2010 an ɗage dakatarwar da aka yi wa allurar Rotarix. [36]

Bincike

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Doctors Without Borders (MSF) sun ƙirƙira wani sigar daidaita zafi mai suna BRV-PV. An kammala mataki na 3 na gwajin asibiti a Nijar ranar 31 ga Disamba 2020.[37][38]

An danganta maganin rigakafin tare da ƙananan nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 .[39][40]

Kara karantawa

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  • Cortese MM, Parashar UD (February 2009). "Prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among infants and children: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)" (PDF). MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. 58 (RR-2): 1–25. PMID 19194371. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  • Hall E, Wodi AP, Hamborsky J, Morelli V, Schillie S, eds. (2021). "Chapter 19: Rotavirus". Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (14th ed.). Washington D.C.: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2023.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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Manazarta

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  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 "Rotavirus vaccines. WHO position paper – January 2013". Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire. 88 (5): 49–64. February 2013. PMID 23424730. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "WHO2013" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Patel MM, Steele D, Gentsch JR, Wecker J, Glass RI, Parashar UD (January 2011). "Real-world impact of rotavirus vaccination". The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 30 (1 Suppl): S1–S5. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181fefa1f. PMID 21183833. S2CID 1893099. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Patel11" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Rotavirus Vaccine Live Oral". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "AHFS2015" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  5. ↑ World Health Organization (December 2009). "Rotavirus vaccines: an update". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 84 (51–52): 533–37.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Parashar UD, Johnson H, Steele AD, Tate JE (May 2016). "Health Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination in Developing Countries: Progress and Way Forward". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 62 (Suppl 2): S91–S95. doi:10.1093/cid/civ1015. PMID 27059361. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ Bergman H, Henschke N, Hungerford D, Pitan F, Ndwandwe D, Cunliffe N, Soares-Weiser K (November 2021). "Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021 (11): CD008521. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008521.pub6. PMC 8597890 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 34788488 Check |pmid= value (help).
  8. ↑ "Rotavirus Deaths & Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction Maps—ROTA Council". rotacouncil.org. Archived from the original on 12 July 2016. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  9. ↑ Giaquinto C, Dominiak-Felden G, Van Damme P, Myint TT, Maldonado YA, Spoulou V, Mast TC, Staat MA (July 2011). "Summary of effectiveness and impact of rotavirus vaccination with the oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine: a systematic review of the experience in industrialized countries". Human Vaccines. 7 (7): 734–748. doi:10.4161/hv.7.7.15511. PMID 21734466. S2CID 23996836.
  10. ↑ Richardson V, Hernandez-Pichardo J, Quintanar-Solares M, Esparza-Aguilar M, Johnson B, Gomez-Altamirano CM, Parashar U, Patel M (January 2010). "Effect of rotavirus vaccination on death from childhood diarrhea in Mexico". The New England Journal of Medicine. 362 (4): 299–305. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0905211. PMID 20107215.
  11. ↑ Patel M, Pedreira C, De Oliveira LH, Tate J, Orozco M, Mercado J, Gonzalez A, Malespin O, Amador JJ, Umaña J, Balmaseda A, Perez MC, Gentsch J, Kerin T, Hull J, Mijatovic S, Andrus J, Parashar U (June 2009). "Association between pentavalent rotavirus vaccine and severe rotavirus diarrhea among children in Nicaragua". JAMA. 301 (21): 2243–2251. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.756. PMID 19491186.
  12. ↑ "WHO | Estimated rotavirus deaths for children under 5 years of age: 2013, 215 000". WHO. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  13. ↑ Tate JE, Parashar UD (November 2014). "Rotavirus vaccines in routine use". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 59 (9): 1291–1301. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu564. PMID 25048849.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 O'Ryan M (February 2007). "Rotarix (RIX4414): an oral human rotavirus vaccine". Expert Review of Vaccines. 6 (1): 11–19. doi:10.1586/14760584.6.1.11. PMID 17280473. S2CID 40193617. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pmid17280473" defined multiple times with different content
  15. ↑ "Rotarix". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 4 November 2022. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  16. ↑ "Rotarix". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 13 April 2009. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  17. ↑ "Approval Letter—Rotarix". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 3 April 2008. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014.
  18. ↑ Paul A. Offit. Missing |author1= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  19. ↑ "Rotateq". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 14 August 2020. Archived from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  20. ↑ "Rotateq". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 25 February 2009. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  21. ↑ "Rotateq Is Approved In Canada" (PDF) (Press release). Merck Frosst Canada. 23 August 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2008. Retrieved 29 February 2008.
  22. ↑ McCarthy M (February 2003). "Project seeks to "fast track" rotavirus vaccine". Lancet. 361 (9357): 582. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12549-4. PMID 12598149. S2CID 5347100. Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  23. ↑ "Merck Ends Delivery of Lifesaving Vaccines to Africa". The Presidential Daily Brief: Intriguing. OZY. Ozymandias.com. 2 November 2018. Archived from the original on 2 November 2018. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  24. ↑ World Health Organization (2014). "Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, 11-12 June 2014". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 89 (29): 321–36.
  25. ↑ "ROTAVAC—Bharat Biotech". Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Rota Council (2016). Rotavirus: Common, Severe, Devastating, Preventable (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2017.
  27. ↑ "ROTASIIL". WHO—Prequalification of Medical Products (IVDs, Medicines, Vaccines and Immunization Devices, Vector Control) (in Turanci). 17 July 2020. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  28. ↑ Naik SP, Zade JK, Sabale RN, Pisal SS, Menon R, Bankar SG, Gairola S, Dhere RM (May 2017). "Stability of heat stable, live attenuated Rotavirus vaccine (ROTASIIL®)". Vaccine. 35 (22): 2962–2969. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.025. PMID 28434688.
  29. ↑ Murphy TV, Gargiullo PM, Massoudi MS, Nelson DB, Jumaan AO, Okoro CA, Zanardi LR, Setia S, Fair E, LeBaron CW, Wharton M, Livengood JR (February 2001). "Intussusception among infants given an oral rotavirus vaccine". The New England Journal of Medicine. 344 (8): 564–572. doi:10.1056/NEJM200102223440804. PMID 11207352.
  30. ↑ Kramarz P, France EK, Destefano F, Black SB, Shinefield H, Ward JI, Chang EJ, Chen RT, Shatin D, Hill J, Lieu T, Ogren JM (April 2001). "Population-based study of rotavirus vaccination and intussusception". The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 20 (4): 410–416. doi:10.1097/00006454-200104000-00008. PMID 11332666. S2CID 23664999.
  31. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (September 2004). "Suspension of rotavirus vaccine after reports of intussusception--United States, 1999". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 53 (34): 786–789. PMID 15343145.
  32. ↑ Matson DO (October 2006). "The pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, Rotateq". Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 17 (4): 195–199. doi:10.1053/j.spid.2006.08.005. PMID 17055370.
  33. ↑ "Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, 11–12 December 2013". Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire. 89 (7): 53–60. February 2014. PMID 24707510.
  34. ↑ Rheingans RD, Antil L, Dreibelbis R, Podewils LJ, Bresee JS, Parashar UD (November 2009). "Economic costs of rotavirus gastroenteritis and cost-effectiveness of vaccination in developing countries". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 200 (Suppl 1): S16–S27. doi:10.1086/605026. PMID 19817595.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 U.S. Food and Drug Administration. "Update on Recommendations for the Use of Rotavirus Vaccines". Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 19 June 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
  36. ↑ "Rotarix Vaccine Suspension Lifted". FDA's MedWatch Safety Alerts. May 2010. Archived from the original on 24 August 2010.
  37. ↑ Samfuri:ClinicalTrialsGov
  38. ↑ Hodal K (22 March 2017). "Rotavirus vaccine could save lives of almost 500,000 children a year". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  39. ↑ "Rotavirus vaccination tied to lower rates of type 1 diabetes". Reuters. 22 January 2019. Archived from the original on 10 February 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  40. ↑ Bakalar N (30 January 2019). "Rotavirus Vaccine May Protect Against Type 1 Diabetes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
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