Alma Mahler
Alma Margaretha Maria Schindler (an haife ta a ranar31 ga Agusta 1879 - 11 Disamba 1964) mawakiya ce 'yar kasar Australiya, marubuciya, edita, kuma mai son jama'a. A lokacin da take 'yar shekara 15, Max Burckhard ne ya ba jagorance ta. Tayi wakoki da dama tun daga kananun shekarunta, ita ce mawallafin wakoki kusan hamsin na murya da piano, kuma tay wakoki da dama a wasu nau'ikan. Wakokinta kwara 17 ne kadai suka rayu.
Tayi auri mawaki kuma shugaba Alexander von Zemlinsky, amma dangantakar ba ta dade.Ta zama matar mawaki Gustav Mahler, wanda ba shi da sha'awar abubuwan da ta tsara. Daga karshe ta fada cikin bacin rai saboda takura mata da fasaha. Yayin da aurenta ke fama, ta yi jima'i da Walter Gropius. Gustav ya fara ƙarfafa rubutun Alma kuma ya taimaka shirya wasu abubuwan da ta rubuta don bugawa, amma ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan yunƙurin sulhu a 1911. Alma ta auri Gropius a 1915 kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya guda tare, Manon Gropius. A lokacin aurenta da Gropius, Alma ta sami dangantaka da Franz Werfel. Alma da Werfel sun yi aure bayan Alma ta rabu da Gropius.
A cikin 1938, bayan Anschluss, an tilasta Werfel da Alma su hijira daga Austria, saboda zamansu na da hadari ga bayahude Werfel. A ƙarshe ma'auratan sun zauna a Los Angeles. A cikin 'yan shekaru kadan, saloon dinta ya zama wani ɓangare na zane-zane, da farko a Vienna, sannan a Los Angeles da kuma birnin New York.
Kuruciya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Alma Maria Schindler a ranar 31 ga Agusta 1879 a Vienna, Austria, (a wancan lokacin Austria-Hungary) ga shahararren mai zanen wuri Emil Jakob Schindler da matarsa Anna Sofie. An koyar da ita a gida kuma ta girma a Cocin Katolika. A cikin 1886, Yarima Rudolf na Crown ya sami sha'awar zane-zanen Emil Jakob Schindler kuma ya ba Schindler damar yin tafiya tare da danginsa zuwa gabar tekun Adriatic don samar da zane-zanen shimfidar wuri.A cikin 1892,dangin kuma sun yi tafiya zuwa tsibirin Sylt ta Arewa, inda Emil Schindler ya mutu. :1–7
After her father's death, Alma focused on the piano. She studied composition and counterpoint with Josef Labor,a blind organist who introduced her to a "great deal of literature".At 15,she was sent to school but attended for only a few months.:1–7 As she grew older,a case of childhood measles left her with decreased hearing.Max Burckhard, a friend of Emil Schindler and director of Vienna's Burgtheater theater,became Alma's mentor.On Alma's 17th birthday,Burckhard gave her two laundry baskets full of books. In 1895,Anna Schindler,Alma's mother,married Carl Moll, Emil Schindler's student.In 1899 they had a daughter together named Maria.[1]:8–10
Alma ya sadu da Gustav Klimt ta hanyar Carl Moll.Moll da Klimt sun kasance mambobi ne na kafa Vienna Secession,"ƙungiyar da aka shirya don manufar warwarewa tare da Kwalejin Ilimin Fasaha ta Vienna da ke da alaƙa da fasahar gani". Klimt ya ƙaunaci Alma. Yayin da ta fara sha'awar Klimt,sha'awarta ta yi sanyi ba da daɗewa ba.Klimt da Alma sun kasance abokai har mutuwar Klimt.A cikin kaka 1900,Alma ya fara nazarin abun da ke ciki tare da Alexander von Zemlinsky.Zemlinsky da Alma sun yi soyayya kuma sun ɓoye dangantakar su.:10–16
Alma teased Zemlinsky about what she thought were his ugly features,saying she could easily have "ten others" to replace him.She also noted that to marry Zemlinsky would mean she would "bring short,degenerate Jew-children into the world".[2]:16–35 As the relationship grew strained, Zemlinsky visited her less and less. On 7 November 1901,she attended Zuckerkandl's salon where she began a flirtation with Gustav Mahler.In the month of November, while still in a relationship with Zemlinsky,she started an affair with Mahler. By 8 December,Mahler and Alma secretly were engaged;however,it was not until 12 December that she wrote to Zemlinsky about her engagement.[2]:16–35 The engagement was formally announced on 23 December.[2]:43