Amini Aza Mturi

Amini Aza Mturi
Rayuwa
ƙasa	Tanzaniya
Karatu
Makaranta	Makerere University (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	archaeologist (en) da scientist (en)

Amini Aza Mturi ya kasance masanin ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi ɗan ƙasar Tanzaniya kuma darekta na sashen tarihi na Tanzaniya tsakanin shekarun 1968 da 1981. An bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi a Tanzaniya".

Ilimi da aiki

Mturi ya karanci tarihi a jami'ar Makerere da ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi da kuma kiyayewa a Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeology da ke Landan. Ya shiga rukunin kayan tarihi na Tanzaniya a shekara ta 1966, a matsayin mataimaki mai kula da kiyayewa. A cikin shekarar 1968, ya gaji Hamo Sassoon a matsayin darakta na riko, wanda aka yi naɗi na dindindin a shekarar 1970. Shi ne ɗan Afrika na farko da ya riƙe muƙamin; darektocin da suka gabata Neville Chittick da Hamo Sassoon sun kasance cikin gwamnatin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. Ya kuma taimaka wajen kafa ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi a Jami'ar Dar es Salaam kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Hukumar UNESCO ta Hukumar Tarihi ta Duniya (zama na 9, 1985).

Mturi yana da haɗin gwiwa mai tsawo tare da dangin Leakey da abubuwan tona su a Olduvai Gorge. Ya fara saɗuwa da Louis Leakey a wani taro a shekara ta 1967, yana kwatanta "haɗuwa ta farko mai ban takaici" inda Louis ya ƙi ya bar shi ya yi aiki a Olduvai, watakila ya damu da horar da wani masanin ilimin kimiya na Afirka wanda zai iya maye gurɓinsa. Duk da haka, Mturi ya rubuta tabbataccen labarin mutuwar Louis Leakey a cikin shekarar 1974, yana kwatanta shi da cewa "ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga kariya da adana wuraren tarihi na [Tanzaniya]". Ya sami kyakkyawar dangantaka da Mary Leakey, matar Louis kuma magaji a Olduvai, kuma ya ci gaba da gabatar da lacca mai mahimmanci a taron da aka gudanar don girmama ta a shekara ta 1994. Mary ta ba da labarin cewa Mturi yakan ziyarci Olduvai don duba masu binciken na ƙasashen waje da ke wurin, kuma a karkashin jagorancinsa Sashen Kayayyakin Tarihi ya ɗauki nauyin gudanar da ayyukanta, inda ya maye gurɓin ma'aikatan Leakeys na Kenya da masu gadi da jagororin Tanzaniya. Cibiyar Bincike ta Aguirre-Mturi a Olduvai Gorge ana kiranta tare da Mturi da masanin ilimin halittu na Spain Emiliano Aguirre.

Mturi ya ba da umarnin hakowa a tafkin Ndutu, inda aka gano adadi mai yawa na lithic da kayan faunal, da kuma cranium Ndutu. Ya kuma shiga tattaunawa a kan kiyaye Bagamoyo, yana mai cewa bai kamata a samu ci gaban tattalin arziki ba tare da kashe al'adun gargajiya ba.

Zaɓaɓɓun wallafe-wallafe

• Mturi, A. A., 1976. New hominid from Lake Ndutu. Nature 262: 284–285.
• Mturi, A. A., 1986. The pastoral neolithic of west Kilimanjaro. Azania 21: 53–63.
• Mturi, A. A. 1987. The archaeological sites of Lake Natron, Tanzania. Azania XXI: 56–63.
• Mturi, A. A. 1996. Whose cultural heritage? Conflicts and contradictions in the conservation of historic structures, towns and rock art in Tanzania. In Peter R. Schmidt and Rodrick J. Mclntosh (eds.) Plundering Africa's Past. London: Currey.
• Mturi, A. A., 1998. Archaeology of Tanzania: a teaching manual for the Open University of Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: Open University of Tanzania.
•  2Mturi, A. A., 2005. State of rescue archaeology in Tanzania. In Mapunda, B and P. Msemwa (eds.), Salvaging Tanzania's cultural heritage. Dar es Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press, pp. 293–210.