Asenath Barzani

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Asenath Barzani
Rayuwa
Haihuwa Mosul (en) Fassara, 1590
Mutuwa Mosul (en) Fassara, 1670
Karatu
Harsuna Ibrananci
Sana'a
Sana'a rabbi (en) Fassara, maiwaƙe da marubuci
Imani
Addini Yahudanci

Asenath Barzani[1] (Hebrew: אסנת ברזאני‎,1590 – 1670),yar Kurdawa Bayahudiya ce ƙwararriyar malaman rabbini kuma mawaƙi wacce ta zauna kusa da Duhok,Kurdistan.

Tarihin Rayuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tarihin iyali[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An haifi Asenath a cikin dangin Barzani,sanannen dangin Yahudawa a arewacin Kurdistan,a cikin shekarar 1590. Kakanta,Netanel Halevi,malami ne kuma shugaban al'ummar Yahudawa a Mosul,kuma ana ganinsa a matsayin mutum mai tsarki a cikin al'ummar Yahudawa da kewaye.Saboda darajar koyarwarsa,an kira shi adoni (Ibrananci,"ubangijina"). Ɗansa kuma mahaifin Asenath,Rabbi Shemuel Barzani,malami kuma mai sihiri,ya damu da matsayin Attaura a tsakanin Yahudawa na Kurdistan,da kuma rashin shugabanni na ruhaniya da kuma masu yanke hukunci.Ya kafa yeshivas da yawa a Barzan,Akre,Amadiya da kuma a Mosul,don haɓaka ɗalibai masu hikima waɗanda za su iya yi wa jama'a hidima a matsayin malamai,malamai,da masu yankan kosher. [2] An tallafa wa ilimin irin waɗannan ɗalibai ta hanyar gudummawa daga masu ba da taimako na Yahudawa.[2]

Rayuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Da yake Shemuel ba shi da 'ya'ya maza,ya koya wa'yarsa Attaura da Talmud su shirya ta a matsayin magajinsa.Ita kanta Asenath ta ce ba ta koyi wani sana’a,ko sana’a,ko sana’a ba,domin ta shafe tsawon lokacinta na koyon Attaura.Ta bayyana tarbiyyar ta kamar haka:

I never left the entrance to my house or went outside; I was like a princess of Israel ... I grew up on the laps of scholars, anchored to my father of blessed memory. I was never taught any work but sacred study.[3]

Barzani ta auri ɗan uwanta Rabbi Ya’aqov Mizrahi,wanda ya yi wa mahaifinta alkawarin cewa ba za ta yi wani aikin gida ba kuma za ta iya yin amfani da lokacinta a matsayin malamin Attaura.Barzani ne ya rubuta

“And he [my father] made my husband swear that he would not make me perform work, and he did as he had commanded him. From the beginning, the Rabbi [Mizrahi] was busy with his studies and had no time to teach the pupils; but I taught them in his stead, I was a helpmate for him... [Begging for support for] the sake of Father... and the Rabbi... so that their Torah and names should not be brought to naught in these communities; for I remain the teacher of Torah...”[4]

Bayan mutuwar mahaifin Barzani,mijinta ya zama shugaban yeshivah a Mosul.Ya tsunduma cikin karatun nasa sosai har ta koyar da daliban yeshivah kuma ta ba su horon rabbi da kanta.Bayan mutuwar Ya’aqov,shugabancin yeshivah ya shige mata,kuma daga baya ta zama babban malamin Attaura.Da yake mahaifinta da mijinta ba su yi nasara wajen tara kuɗi ba,yeshivah koyaushe tana cikin matsalolin kuɗi,kuma Barzani ya rubuta wasiƙu da yawa yana neman kuɗi inda ta bayyana halin da take ciki da ’ya’yanta.An kwace gidanta da kayanta,har da littattafanta,amma tana jin cewa a matsayinta na mace ba zai dace ta yi balaguro don neman tallafi ba.

Duk da matsalolin kudi,jagorancin Barzani na yeshivah ya yi nasara:ya ci gaba da samar da manyan malamai,ciki har da danta, wanda ta aika zuwa Bagadaza,inda ya ci gaba da daular malaman rabbi.[5] Rubuce-rubucenta kaɗan sun nuna cikakkiyar ƙware na yaren Ibrananci,Attaura,Talmud,Midrash,da Kabbalah,kuma wasiƙunta suna nuna ba koyaswa kaɗai ba,har ma da fasaha na larabci. Bayan rasuwarta,yahudawa da dama sun yi tattaki zuwa kabarinta a Amadiyah a Arewacin Iraki, inda kuma aka binne mahaifinta.

Take da Matsayi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Taken Tanna'it,da matsayinta na shugabar yeshiva,bai yi daidai da zama malami ba,don haka ana ɗaukarta a matsayin abin da ba kasafai ake yi ba na malama limamin limamin mata,maimakon malami a kowane ɗaya, ko siffa mai ikon rabbi kamar posek ko dayan.A lokacin da Barzani ya rayu, manufar naɗa rabbai (semikha) ta kasance cikin juye-juye kuma yarjejeniya ɗaya ce ta buƙatu da al'adu na semikha a duk faɗin duniyar Yahudawa ba su wanzu.

Waka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Baya ga karatun addini,Barzani kuma an san ta da mawaƙi. An ce ta rubuta piyyut (waƙar liturgical) a cikin Kurdish,mai suna Ga'agua L'Zion ("Keson Sihiyona",a cikin Ibrananci).

Tatsuniyoyi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai labarai da tatsuniyoyi da yawa game da Barzani da mu'ujizar da ta yi ciki har da wanda aka kwatanta a cikin "Guruwan Mala'iku".

A cikin labarun gida,jinsinta yana taka muhimmiyar rawa (ko da yake a ainihin rayuwarta,tana da alama ta sami 'yan cikas).Yawancin labaran da suka yi ishara da ikonta na allahntaka an same su a cikin segulot (layi masu kariya,laya,ko al'ada).Wadannan sun hada da yadda za ta takaita haihuwar ‘ya’yanta biyu ne domin ta sadaukar da kanta ga karatun ta,da kuma yadda za ta kau da mai kutse domin kada ya yi mata fyade da babbar murya.

Garken Mala'iku[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cewar almara,mahaifinta ya kan bayyana a mafarkin Barzani,yana bayyana mata hadura da kuma gaya mata yadda za ta kauce musu.A wani lokaci irin wannan,ta je wurin Amédi inda ta shawo kan Yahudawan yankin su yi bikin Rosh Hodesh (bikin sabon wata) a waje,kamar yadda al’adarsu ta kasance kafin ’yan al’ummai maƙiya su yi musu barazana.

Suna ci gaba da biki,sai aka yi ta ihu,sai suka ga wuta ta harba zuwa sama.An cinna wa majami'ar wuta da dukan littattafai masu tsarki da littattafai a ciki.Bayan Barzani ya rada wa wani suna a asirce da ta koya daga wurin mahaifinta,sai mutanen suka ga garke mala’iku suna saukowa zuwa rufin majami’a.Mala'iku suka dukan harshen wuta da fikafikansu,har sai da aka kashe duk wani tartsatsi na ƙarshe.Sa'an nan suka tashi zuwa cikin sama kamar garken fararen tattabarai,suka tafi.Sa’ad da hayaƙin ya ɗauke,sai kowa ya ga cewa,ba Yahudawa kaɗai suka ji rauni ba tun da ikilisiyar tana waje,amma an yi wani abin al’ajabi:majami’a ba ta ƙone ba,wutar kuma ba ta taɓa ko ɗaya daga cikin littattafan Attaura ba..Bayan wannan mu’ujiza,al’ummai sun daɗe ba su tsananta wa Yahudawa na Amadi ba.Da godiya,sun sake suna majami'ar sunanta,kuma labarin ya ƙare da kalmomin"kuma yana tsaye har yau".

Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Timeline na mata rabbi

Nassoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. Also spelled Asenat Barzanî in Kurdish and transliterated as Osnat Barzani from Modern Hebrew. See Bengio, O. (2016). Game changers: Kurdish women in peace and war. The Middle East Journal, 70(1), 30-46.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
  3. Renee Levine Melammed (1 March 2009). "Asnat Barazani". Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 6 June 2012. quoting from Mann, Jacob (1972). Texts and Studies in Jewish History and Literature. I. New York. p. 511.
  4. The German Jewish ethnologist Erich Bauer, who included Barzani's letter without mentioning her name in his study of the “Jews of Iraq” in the early 1940s was not convinced she could have composed such writing on her own: “The letter... could hardly have been composed by her, since it is full of melitzot [poetic expressions] and reveals no small knowledge of Hebrew and rabbinical literature.” Brauer, Erich. The Jews of Kurdistan, ed. Raphael Patai. Wayne State University Press, Detroit 1993, first published 1947; 08033994793.ABA. pp. 176-177
  5. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EJBarazani, Asenath