Braille na Ghana

Braille na Ghana
Braille
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Ghana

Ana amfani da haruffan braille da yawa a Ghana. Don Ingilishi, an karɓi Haɗin Kan Turanci Braille . An rubuta wasu harsuna huɗu da makafi: Akan (Twi), Ga, Ewe, da Dagaare . Dukkan haruffa guda uku sun dogara ne akan ainihin ƙimar haruffan rubutun hannu na ainihin haruffan Latin:

Kwatankwacin kwatancen haruffan da suka wuce waɗannan an kwatanta su a ƙasa. Turanci ana amfani da alamar rubutu a cikin Ghana da (bisa ga UNESCO 2013) Togo.

Ba a yin amfani da Braille sosai a Ghana don kowane harshe sai Ingilishi. Koyaya, akwai wasu tsofaffin wallafe-wallafe a cikin waɗannan haruffan rubutun hannu.

Akan (Twi) Braille

Twi Braille Akan Braille
Type	alphabet
Languages	Twi
Parent systems	Braille English Braille Twi Braille

Akan yana da karin wasu haruffa guda ɗaya. ⠪ ɔ ana iya sa ran daga ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya / Afirka ; ⠻ ɛ na musamman ga Ghana.

ɔ

ɛ

Ga and Dagaare Braille

  Ga da Dagaare sun ƙara wasiƙa ta uku, ⠬ ŋ .

ɔ

ɛ

ŋ

Ewe Braille

Ewe Braille

Ewe yana ƙara ƙarin baƙaƙe da yawa: ⠫ ɖ, ⠹ ƒ, ⠣ ɣ, ⠮ ʋ .

ɔ

ɛ

ŋ

ɖ

ƒ

ɣ

ʋ

Ɓ da ɣ sune ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya/Afirka (duba kuma Braille na Najeriya ); ƒ da ʋ sun fito ne daga sautunan Ingilishi th, mafi kusanci a cikin wannan harshe bayan f da v .

Braille don harsunan Togo

Ewe shine yaren farko na Togo, kuma ana amfani da shi a Togo tare da aikin makafi iri ɗaya kamar na Ghana. UNESCO (2013 [1990]) ta ba da rahoton ƙarin wasu haruffan Togo da yawa waɗanda ba ta iya tabbatarwa ba, amma waɗanda aka tsara su tare da harsunan Ghana; Babu shakka suna amfani da ayyukan Ewe na Ghana:

• Bassar da Konkomba an rubuta su da asali na mawallafi da Ewe ŋ, ɔ .
• Kabiye ya ɖ ɛ ɣ ɩ ŋ ɔ ʊ . Haruffa ɩ da ʊ suna bin ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma sun yi daidai da ⠔ ị da ⠳ cikin Igbo Braille . (Unesco ta bayar da rahoton cewa ana musanya kimar maƙarƙashiya u/ʊ daga al'ada, mai yuwuwar kuskuren kwafi. ) Sauran haruffa suna kamar a Ewe.
• Moba ya na ɛ ɩ ŋ ɔ, tare ⠔ ɩ kamar a Kabiye.
• Tem ya ɖɛ ɩ ŋ ɔ υ, kamar a Kabiye.

Bugu da ƙari, UNESCO ta ba da rahoton cewa harsunan Togo daban-daban suna da ⠡ don wasulan hanci, ⠸ don sauti mai girma, ⠘ don sautin tsakiya, da ⠰ don ƙananan sautin.

Dukkan waɗannan harsuna biyar ana magana da su a Ghana da kuma Togo, amma Unesco ba ta ba da rahoton cewa an mayar da su zuwa makafi a can ba.