Dokar Inganta Kamfanonin Najeriya
 Dokar Inganta Kamfanonin Najeriya |
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Dokar Inganta Kamfanonin Najeriya ko NEPD 1972 kamar yadda aka yi gyare-gyare a 1977 an yi niyyar yin canje-canje a cikin tsarin mallakar kasuwanci a Najeriya da kuma samar da dama ga asalin ƙasar don samun iko da tattalin arziki. Dokar ta kuma ƙuntata ayyukan tattalin arziki na kamfanonin kasashen waje zuwa wasu yankuna kuma ta tilasta kamfanoni su kara 'yan Najeriya a matsayin abokan tarayya.[1]
Har zuwa kamfanoni 1,130 sun shafa, wasu kamfanonin sun canja wurin daidaito ta hanyar sanyawa mai zaman kansa yayin da wasu suka jera a musayar hannun jari.[2] Jimlar kamfanoni 81 da suka lissafa hannun jari a kan musayar hannun jarin da ya kai jimlar darajar naira miliyan 210 yayin da yawancin suka ba da hannun ma'aikata ta hanyar sanyawa mai zaman kansa.[3]
An soke dokar a shekarar 1995 tare da gabatar da Dokar Inganta Zuba Jari ta Najeriya.
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kafin ƙarshen mulkin mallaka a cikin 1960, 'yan kasuwa na Najeriya sun kasance suna yin kira don kare asalin ƙasar daga gasa ta ƙasashen waje, yayin da kuka don rage ƙididdigar baƙi ya haifar da Najeriya a cibiyoyi da yawa. Bayan mulkin mallaka, burin samun 'yancin kai na tattalin arziki da kuma ƙaddamar da kai ya zama sananne kuma ya fara samun goyon baya mai yawa. An bi manufofin 'yan asalin ƙasar da' yan kasuwa da 'Yan kasuwa na Najeriya suka goyi bayan a cikin Shirin Ci gaban Kasa na Gwamnatin Tarayya na shekara ta 1970[74.[4]
A watan Fabrairun 1972, an gabatar da Dokar Inganta Kamfanoni ta Najeriya don yin tasiri a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1974. An shirya sabon dokar don ba 'yan Najeriya damar samun karin kudin shiga na kasuwanci, canza saka hannun jari na kasashen waje zuwa yankunan fasaha da kuma inganta kasuwancin' yan asalin ƙasar.[5]
Gwamnatin soja ta fi dacewa da yin canje-canje fiye da takwarorinsu na dimokuradiyya na baya a wani bangare saboda karuwar rashin amincewa da babban birnin kasashen waje, sakamakon kwarewar da suka samu wajen dogaro da gwamnatocin kasashen duniya da kamfanoni masu yawa a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya da kuma rashin amsawa cikin sauri na kamfanonin mai don biyan kuɗi kawai ga Gwamasar Tarayya.[6]
NEPC 1972[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Dokar NEPC ta 1972 doka ce don aiwatar da canje-canje a cikin tsarin mallakar masana'antu masu sauƙi kamar su tallace-tallace da ƙananan kasuwancin. An raba masana'antu zuwa kashi biyu da ake kira jadawalin 1 da jadawalwa 2. Tare da dokar an kafa Hukumar Kula da Kasuwancin Najeriya don gudanar da aiwatar da sabuwar dokar. Biye da ruhun sabuwar doka, gwamnati ta sami sha'awa ga manyan bankunan da ke jagorantar kasashen waje a cikin kasar ciki har da Bankin Farko na Najeriya da Union Bank of Nigeria kuma ta ba da umarnin a ba wa 'yan Najeriya rance. Gwamnati ta kuma sami sha'awa a bangarorin inshora da man fetur da iskar gas. Wani sabon banki, bankin Kasuwanci da Masana'antu na Najeriya ya wanzu don sauƙaƙe rance ga 'yan Najeriya don manufar saka hannun jari a kamfanonin mallakar kasashen waje.[5]
Shirye-shiryen da kamfanoni[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Shirin | % mallakar 'yan Najeriya | Wasu ayyukan kasuwanci da suka shafi |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100% | PR, tallace-tallace, tafkin, jigilar kayayyaki ta hanyar hanya, toshewa da yin tubali, wuraren yin burodi, wanki, sinima, buga jarida da bugawa |
| 2 | 40% | yin giya, kwalban giya mai laushi, masana'antar kayan shafawa, ginin jirgin ruwa, shagunan sashen da manyan kantuna, kera kekuna، siminti, matches, kwantena na ƙarfe da sabulu. |
NEPC 1977[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kafin 1977, zargi da dokar da ke akwai ya haifar da gyare-gyare biyu amma mafi mahimmanci shine a cikin 1977. Masu sukar sun ji canje-canjen sun haifar da sabon bourgeois wanda ya sayi mafi yawan hannun jari. Bugu da kari, yayin da kasuwancin 950 ya shafi dokar 1972 wasu sun nemi izinin kuma ba duk sun dace ba a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1974. Wasu kamfanonin da abin ya shafa an zarge su da yin makirci tare da wasu 'yan Najeriya waɗanda za su zo a matsayin abokin tarayya ko gaba a matsayinsu na shugaban kwamitin daraktoci amma kamfanin zai kasance karkashin kulawar ma'aikatan layi a cikin ɗakin baya. Sabon gyare-gyaren na 1977 ya iyakance yawan kamfanoni da mutum zai iya samun iko mafi rinjaye kuma ya ba da ikon kwamitin inganta kamfanonin tare da damar rufe ofisoshin kamfanomin da ba su dace ba. Kasuwanci inda aka raba su cikin jadawalin uku. A karkashin jadawalin farko, mallakar kasuwancin zai zama 100% na asali. Ayyukan kasuwanci a ƙarƙashin wannan jadawalin suna da alaƙa da sashin tallace-tallace da sabis, talla, wuraren yin burodi, sufuri na kasuwanci da hukumomin mallakar ƙasa. A karkashin jadawalin biyu, mallakar za ta kasance kashi 60% mallakarsa ta Najeriya.[7] A karkashin gyaran an kara ƙarin bangarori zuwa jadawalin 2, wannan ya haɗa da banki, inshora, sarrafa abinci, sinadarin man fetur da ƙarfe da karfe.
Shirye-shiryen da kamfanoni[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Shirin | % mallakar 'yan Najeriya | Wasu ayyukan kasuwanci |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100% | Laundries, management estate, siyarwa, tallace-tallace da burodi. |
| 2 | Kashi 60 cikin 100 | Sayarwa da rarraba kayan fasaha da motoci, banki, inshora, gini, masana'antar roba, fenti, filastik da yawancin masanaʼantu |
| 3 | 40% | masana'antar fasaha mai zurfi, masanaʼantar magunguna, kera turbine |
Bayanan da aka yi amfani da su[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ "Corruption a Delicate Subject." Nigeria: Financial Times Survey. Financial Times, 30 Sept. 1980, p. XLII. The Financial Times Historical
- ↑ Vincent, Ola (July 1979). "Using local resources to achieve increase in productivity". Nigerian business digest. (Universal Publications) Lagos (in Turanci).
- ↑ Valentine., Nde Fru (2011). The international law on foreign investments and host economies in Sub-Saharan Africa : Cameroon, Nigeria, and Kenya. Berlin: Lit. p. 145. ISBN 9783643109743. OCLC 761742714.
- ↑ Uche, Chibuike U. (2012). "British Government, British Businesses, and the Indigenization Exercise in Post-Independence Nigeria". Business History Review (in Turanci). Vol. 86 no. 4. pp. 745–771. doi:10.1017/S000768051200181X. ISSN 0007-6805.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Remi, Anifowose (1980). "Indigenisation policies in Africa: a comparative view". Genève-Afrique: Acta Africana. 18 (1): 9–17. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "remi" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ The Political economy of Nigeria. New York, N.Y.: Praeger. 1983. ISBN 978-0030614767. OCLC 8929158.
- ↑ Akinsanya, Adeoye (1994). "The Power Structure in Nigeria and the Indigenization of the Economy". Pakistan Horizon. 47 (2): 63–79. JSTOR 41393473.