Guinness World Records

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Guinness World Records
Asali
Shekarar ƙirƙira 1955
Lokacin bugawa 1955
Asalin suna Guinness World Records
Ƙasar asali Ireland da Birtaniya
ISBN 978-1-904994-67-1
Shafuka 230
Characteristics
Genre (en) Fassara Manazarta
Harshe Turanci
Muhimmin darasi world record (en) Fassara
guinnessworldrecords.com

Guinness World Records, wanda aka sani tun farkonsa a 1955. Har zuwa 1999 a matsayin Guinness Book of Records, Da kuma a cikin bugu na baya-bayan nan na Amurka a matsayin The Guinness Book of Records. littafi ne na Biritaniya da ake bugawa a kowace shekara, littafi ne da ya ke taskance muhimman al'amuran da suka faru a duniya, yana jera bayanan duniya duka nasarorin ɗan adam da iyakar , duniya. Masanin . Sir Hugh Beaver,[1], littafin ya kasance tare da 'yan'uwa tagwaye Norris da Ross McWhirter a Fleet Street, London, a watan Agusta 1955.

Buga na farko ya kasance kan gaba a jerin masu siyarwa a Burtaniya ta Kirsimeti 1955. A shekara mai zuwa aka kaddamar da littafin a duniya, kuma ya zuwa shekarar 2022, yanzu ya cika shekara ta 67 da bugawa, wanda aka buga a kasashe 100 da harsuna 23, kuma yana adana sama da bayanai 53,000 a cikin bayanansa.

Ƙimar ikon mallakar ikon mallakar duniya ta tsawaita fiye da bugawa don haɗa jerin talabijin da gidajen tarihi. Shahararriyar ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani ya haifar da Guinness World Records. Ta zama tushen farko na kasa da kasa don tantancewa da tabbatar da adadi mai yawa na bayanan duniya. Ƙungiyar tana ɗaukar alkalan rikodin don tabbatar da sahihancin saitin da karya bayanai. Bayan jerin masu mallakar, ikon mallakar ƙungiyar, Jim Pattison tun daga 2008, tare da hedkwatarta ta koma South Quay Plaza, Canary Wharf, London a cikin 2017. Tun daga 2008, Guinness World Records ya daidaita tsarin kasuwancinsa don ƙirƙira sabbin bayanan duniya a matsayin tallan tallace-tallace ga kamfanoni da daidaikun mutane, wanda ya jawo zargi.

Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Norris McWhirter ya kafa littafin tare da ɗan'uwansa tagwaye Ross a 107 Fleet Street, London, a cikin Agusta 1955.

A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1951, Sir Hugh Beaver, sannan manajan darekta na Guinness Breweries, ya tafi bikin harbi a Arewacin Slob, ta Kogin Slaney a County Wexford, Ireland. Bayan ya rasa harbi a kan wani plover na zinariya, ya shiga cikin muhawara game da wane ne tsuntsu mafi sauri a Turai, mai tsalle-tsalle na zinari ko kuma ja (shine plover). A wannan maraice a Castlebridge House, ya gane cewa ba zai yiwu a iya tabbatarwa a cikin littattafan tunani ba ko plover na zinare shine tsuntsu mafi sauri a Turai. Beaver ya san cewa dole ne a sami wasu tambayoyi da yawa da aka yi ta muhawara a cikin dare a tsakanin jama'a, amma babu wani littafi a duniya da za a sasanta muhawara game da bayanai. Sai ya gane cewa littafin da ke ba da amsoshin irin wannan tambayar zai iya yin nasara. Tunanin Beaver ya zama gaskiya lokacin da ma'aikacin Guinness Christopher Chataway ya ba da shawarar abokan jami'a Norris da Ross McWhirter, waɗanda ke gudanar da hukumar gano gaskiya a London. An umurci ’yan’uwan tagwayen su tattara abin da ya zama Littafin Guinness na (Mafi Girma da Yanzu) Records, a watan Agusta 1954. Kwafi dubu aka buga aka ba su.

Dan kasar Japan mai gasa Takeru Kobayashi tare da takaddun shaida na Guinness World Record guda biyu

Bayan kafa Ofishin Guinness Book of Records a saman Ludgate House, 107 Fleet Street, London, an ɗaure bugu na farko mai shafi 198 a ranar 27 ga Agusta 1955 kuma ya tafi saman jerin masu siyar da Birtaniyya ta Kirsimeti. A shekara ta gaba, mai shela David Boehm na New York ya shigar da shi cikin Amurka kuma ya sayar da kwafi 70,000. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Guinness World Records ya sayar da fiye da 100 kwafi miliyan a cikin ƙasashe 100 da harsuna 37.

Domin littafin ya zama abin mamaki, an buga ƙarin bugu da yawa, daga ƙarshe ya daidaita zuwa tsarin bita guda ɗaya a shekara, wanda aka buga a watan Satumba/Oktoba, a lokacin Kirsimeti. McWhirters sun ci gaba da tattara shi shekaru da yawa. Dukansu 'yan'uwa suna da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar encyclopedic; a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na BBC Record Breakers, bisa ga littafin, za su dauki tambayoyin da yara a cikin masu sauraro suka yi a kan labaran duniya daban-daban kuma suna iya ba da amsa daidai. An kashe Ross McWhirter da wasu mambobi biyu na Sojojin Rikicin Irish na Republican a cikin 1975, a matsayin martani ga bayar da tukuicin fan 50,000 ga bayanan da za su kai ga kama mambobin kungiyar. Bayan kashe Ross, fasalin da ke cikin wasan kwaikwayon inda aka amsa tambayoyi game da bayanan da yara suka yi an kira Norris akan Spot . Norris ya ci gaba da zama babban editan littafin.

Tekun Arewa ( Nazaré, Portugal ), da aka jera a cikin Guinness World Records don manyan raƙuman ruwa da aka taɓa yi.

Guinness Superlatives, daga baya Guinness World Records Limited, an kafa shi a cikin 1954 don buga littafi na farko. Mawallafin Sterling ya mallaki haƙƙin littafin Guinness a Amurka shekaru da yawa har sai da Guinness ya sake siye shi a cikin 1989 bayan wata 18 da ta yi shari'a. Kungiyar ta Guinness PLC ce kuma daga baya Diageo har zuwa 2001, lokacin da Gullane Entertainment ya siye ta akan $65. miliyan. HIT Entertainment ta siya Gullane da kanta a cikin 2002. A cikin 2006, Abokan hulɗa na Apax sun sayi HIT kuma daga baya sun sayar da Guinness World Records a farkon 2008 zuwa Jim Pattison Group, kamfanin iyaye na Ripley Entertainment, wanda ke da lasisi don yin aiki da Guinness World Records' Attractions. Tare da ofisoshi a cikin New York City da Tokyo, Guinness World Records hedkwatar duniya ta kasance a London, musamman South Quay Plaza, Canary Wharf, yayin da abubuwan jan hankali na gidan kayan gargajiya, suna dogara ne a hedkwatar Ripley a Orlando, Florida, Amurka.

Juyin Halitta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Lucky Diamond Rich shine "mutumin da ya fi jarfa a duniya", kuma yana da jarfa da ke rufe dukkan jikinsa. Ya rike taken Guinness World Records As of 2006 </link></link> .

Buga na baya-bayan nan sun mayar da hankali kan ayyukan rikodin da daidaikun mutane suka yi. Gasar ta fito ne daga na zahiri kamar dagawa na Olympics zuwa mafi tsayin kwai mai nisa, ko kuma tsawon lokacin da aka kashe ana wasa Grand Sata Auto IV ko adadin karnuka masu zafi waɗanda za a iya cinye su cikin mintuna uku. Bayan bayanan game da gasa, yana ɗauke da bayanai irin su ƙwayar cuta mafi nauyi, mafi yawan naman gwari mai guba, wasan opera mafi tsayi da manufofin inshorar rayuwa mafi mahimmanci, da sauransu. Yawancin rubuce-rubucen kuma sun danganta ga mafi ƙanƙanta waɗanda suka sami wani abu, kamar ƙaramin mutum don ziyarci duk al'ummomin duniya, wanda Maurizio Giuliano ke riƙe a halin yanzu.

Kowane bugu ya ƙunshi zaɓi na bayanan daga bayanan Guinness World Records, da kuma zaɓi sabbin bayanai, tare da ƙa'idodin haɗawa suna canzawa daga shekara zuwa shekara.

Ritaya Norris McWhirter daga matsayinsa na tuntuɓar a 1995 da shawarar da Diageo Plc ta yanke na siyar da alamar Littattafan Guinness na Rikodi sun mayar da hankalin littattafan daga madaidaitan rubutu zuwa madaidaicin misali. An tsara zaɓaɓɓun bayanan don littafin daga cikakken tarihin amma duk taken Guinness World Records ana iya samun dama ta hanyar ƙirƙirar shiga a gidan yanar gizon kamfanin. Aikace-aikacen da mutane suka yi don nau'ikan rikodin da ke akwai kyauta ne. Akwai kuɗin gudanarwa na $5 don ba da shawarar sabon taken rikodin.

An kuma samar da adadin littafai da yawa da jerin talabijin.

Guinness World Records ya ba da tarihin "Mutumin da ya fi kowa rikodin" akan Ashrita Furman na Queens, NY, a cikin Afrilu 2009; a lokacin, ya rike rikodin 100, yayin da yake a halin yanzu </link> yana riƙe da sama da 220.

A shekara ta 2005, Guinness ta ware ranar 9 ga Nuwamba a matsayin ranar rikodin rikodin duniya ta Guinness don ƙarfafa karya tarihin duniya. A cikin 2006, kimanin mutane 100,000 ne suka shiga cikin fiye da kasashe 10. Guinness ya ba da rahoton sabbin rikodi 2,244 a cikin watanni 12, wanda ya karu da kashi 173% sama da shekarar da ta gabata. [2] A cikin Fabrairun 2008, NBC ta watsa manyan 100 Guinness World Records na Duk Lokaci da Guinness World Records sanya cikakken jerin samuwa a kan gidan yanar gizon su.

Shahararriyar ikon amfani da sunan kamfani ya haifar da Guinness World Records ta zama babbar hukuma ta kasa da kasa kan kididdigewa da tabbatar da adadi mai yawa na bayanan duniya.

Ma'anar rukodin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sultan Kösen (Turkiyya) shine mutum mafi tsayi a rayuwa, yana da 8 feet 3 inches (2.51 m), kamar yadda Guinness World Records ya tabbatar.
Chandra Bahadur Dangi (Nepal), wanda aka amince da shi a matsayin mutumin da ya fi guntu a duniya ta hanyar Guinness World Records.
Fatsawa buɗa keken Parmigiano-Reggiano cuku a matsayin wani ɓangare na rikodin duniya na 2013 ta Dukan Abincin Abinci
The team achieved 14 performance based Guinness World Records and other records.
Fiann Paul, Alex Gregory da Carlo Facchino a kan Polar Row, balaguron da ya fi yin rikodin rikodin tarihi

Don yawancin bayanan, Guinness World Records shine ikon da ya dace akan ainihin buƙatun su kuma tare da wanda bayanan ke zaune, kamfanin yana ba da alkalai ga abubuwan da suka faru don sanin gaskiyar ƙoƙarin rikodin. Jerin bayanan da Guinness World Records ba a kayyade ba, ana iya ƙara bayanan kuma a cire su saboda wasu dalilai. Ana gayyatar jama'a don ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen rikodin, wanda zai iya kasancewa ko dai inganta bayanan da ake da su ko kuma manyan nasarori waɗanda za su iya zama sabon rikodin. Har ila yau, kamfanin yana ba da sabis na kamfanoni don kamfanoni don "amfani da ikon rikodin rikodin don sadar da kyakkyawar nasara ga kasuwancin su."

Matsalolin da'a da aminci[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Steven Petrosino yana shan lita 1 na giya a cikin dakika 1.3 a watan Yuni 1977. Petrosino ya saita lokutan rikodin don 250 ml, 500 ml da lita 1.5 kuma, amma Guinness ya karɓi rikodin lita ɗaya kawai. Daga baya sun watsar da duk bayanan barasa daga lissafin su a cikin 1991, sannan suka dawo da bayanan a cikin 2008.

Guinness World Records ya bayyana nau'ikan bayanan da ba za su karɓa ba saboda dalilai na ɗabi'a, kamar waɗanda ke da alaƙa da kisa ko cutar da dabbobi. A cikin 2006 Guinness Book of Records, Colombian serial kisan Pedro López aka jera a matsayin "mafi yawan kisa serial", inda ya kashe a kalla mutane 110 (tare da Lopez da kansa da'awar ya kashe sama da mutane 300) a Colombia, Ecuador da kuma Peru a karshen 1960s zuwa 1980s. An cire wannan ne bayan korafe-korafen cewa jeri da nau'in sun yi gasa ta hanyar kisan kai kuma ba kawai rashin da'a ba ne har ma da lalata.

An cire rubuce-rubucen duniya da yawa waɗanda aka taɓa haɗa su cikin littafin saboda dalilai na ɗabi'a, gami da damuwa don jin daɗin yuwuwar masu fasa rikodin. Misali, bayan buga rikodin "kifi mafi nauyi", yawancin masu kifin sun wuce gona da iri fiye da iyakokin abin da ke da lafiya, don haka an cire irin waɗannan shigarwar.[ana buƙatar hujja]</link>Littafin Guinness ya kuma jefar da bayanai a cikin sashin "littattafan cin abinci da sha" na nasarorin ɗan adam a cikin 1991 saboda damuwa cewa iya cutar da kansu kuma su fallasa mawallafin ga yuwuwar ƙara . [3] Waɗannan canje-canjen sun haɗa da kawar da duk ruhohi, ruwan inabi da bayanan shan giya, tare da wasu bayanan da ba a saba gani ba don cinye abubuwan da ba su yiwuwa kamar kekuna da bishiyoyi. Sauran bayanan, irin su hadiye takobi da tuƙi (a kan titunan jama'a), an rufe su daga ci gaba da shiga kamar yadda masu riƙe da na yanzu suka yi fiye da abin da ake ɗaukar matakan haƙuri na ɗan adam. An sami misalan rufaffiyar rufaffiyar da aka sake buɗewa. Misali, an jera rukunin hadiye takobi a matsayin rufe a cikin littafin Guinness na duniya na 1990, amma tun lokacin da aka sake bude shi tare da Johnny Strange ya karya tarihin hadiye takobi a Guinness World Records Live. Hakazalika, rikodin shan giya mai sauri wanda aka sauke daga littafin a cikin 1991, ya sake bayyana shekaru 17 daga baya a cikin bugu na 2008, amma an ɗauke shi daga sashin "Nasarar Dan Adam" na tsohon littafin zuwa sashin "Modern Society" na sabon bugu.

As of 2011, it is required in the guidelines of all "large food" type records that the item be fully edible, and distributed to the public for consumption, to prevent food wastage.

Har ila yau, ba a yarda da haruffan sarkar : "Guinness World Records ba ta yarda da duk wani bayanan da suka shafi sarkar haruffa, aika ta hanyar aikawa ko imel."

Guinness World Records

A buƙatun Mint na Amurka, a cikin 1984, littafin ya daina karɓar iƙirarin manyan ɗimbin kuɗi na pennies ko wasu kuɗi.

Bayanan da ba su dace da muhalli ba (kamar sakin fitilun sama da balloon jam'iyya ) ba a daina karɓa ko sa ido, baya ga bayanan da suka shafi taba ko shan wiwi ko shiri.

Wahala wajen ayyana bayanai[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ga wasu nau'o'i masu yuwuwa, Guinness World Records ya ƙi yin lissafin wasu bayanan da ke da wahala ko kuma ba za a iya tantancewa ba. Misali, gidan yanar gizon sa ya ce: "Ba mu yarda da duk wani da'awar kyakkyawa ba saboda ba a iya aunawa da gaske ."

Koyaya, wasu nau'ikan fasaha na ɗan adam da suka shafi saurin aunawa kamar "Mafi Saurin Ƙwaƙwalwar Duniya" an shigar da su. A ranar 27 ga Yuli 2010, Connor May (NSW, Ostiraliya) ya kafa rikodin tafawa, tare da 743 a cikin minti 1.

A ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2010, Guinness World Records ya daina karɓar gabatarwa ga nau'in " dreadlock " bayan binciken mace ta farko kuma tilo mai suna Asha Mandela, tare da tabbatar da cewa ba zai yiwu a yi hukunci da wannan rikodin daidai ba.

Jerin Talabijan[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Guinness World Records ya ƙaddamar da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban waɗanda ke tattara yunƙurin karya rikodin rikodin duniya, gami da:

Country Name Network Broadcast Host(s)
Arab World العرب في موسوعة جينيس

Arabs in the Guinness Book of Records 		Al Dar 1 2021 Turki Al Omari

George Kurdahi
Australia Australia's Guinness World Records Seven Network 2005 Grant Denyer

Shelley Craft
Australia Smashes Guinness World Records 2010 James Kerley
Bulgaria Световните рекорди Гинес bTV 2006–2007 Krasimir Vankov
China The day of Guinness in China CCTV 2006–2014 Wang Xuechun

Zhu Xun

Lin Hai
France L'émission des records (1999–2002)

L'été des records (2001) 		TF1 1999–2002 Vincent Perrot
L'été de tous les records (2003–2005)

50 ans, 50 records (2004) 		France 3 2003–2005 Pierre Sled
La nuit des records France 2 2006 Olivier Minne

Adriana Karembeu
Le monde des records W9 2008–2010 Alexandre Devoise

Karine Ferri
Les trésors du livre des records Gulli 2015 Fauve Hautot

Willy Rovelli
Germany Guinness World Records – Die größten Weltrekorde RTL Television 2004–2008 Oliver Welke (2004)

Oliver Geissen (2005–2008)
Greece Guinness World Records Mega Channel 2009–2011 Katerina Stikoudi (2009–2010)

Kostas Fragkolias (2009–2010)

Giorgos Lianos (2010–2011)
India Guinness World Records – Ab India Todega Colors TV 2011 Preity Zinta

Shabbir Ahluwalia
Italy Lo show dei record Canale 5 2006 (pilot)

2008–2012

2015

2022– 		Barbara d'Urso (1–2)

Paola Perego (3)

Gerry Scotti (4, 6–8)

Teo Mammucari (5)
La notte dei record TV8 2018 Enrico Papi
New Zealand NZ Smashes Guinness World Records TV2 2009 Marc Ellis
Philippines Guinness Book of World Records Philippine Edition ABC 2004 Cookie Calabig
The Best Ka! GMA Network 2022 Mikael Daez
Poland Światowe Rekordy Guinnessa Polsat 2009–2011 Maciej Dowbor
Portugal Guinness World Records Portugal SIC 2014 Rita Andrade

João Ricardo
Spain El show de los récords Antena 3 2001–2002 Mar Saura

Manu Carreño

Mónica Martínez
Guinness World Records Telecinco 2009 Carmen Alcayde

Luis Alfonso Muñoz
Sweden Guinness rekord-TV TV3 1999–2000 Mårten Andersson (1999)

Linda Nyberg (1999)

Harald Treutiger (2000)

Suzanne Sjögren (2000)
United Kingdom Record Breakers BBC1 1972–2001 Roy Castle (1972–1993)

Norris McWhirter (1972–85)

Ross McWhirter (1972–75)
Guinness World Records (UK) ITV 1999–2001 Ian Wright

Kate Charman
Ultimate Guinness World Records Challenge 2004 Jamie Rickers
Guinness World Records Smashed Sky1 2008–2009 Steve Jones

Konnie Huq
Totally Bonkers Guinness Book of Records ITV2 2012–2015 Matt Edmondson
Officially Amazing CBBC 2013–2018 Ben Shires
United States The Guinness Game Syndicated 1979–1980 Bob Hilton

Don Galloway
Guinness World Records Primetime Fox 1998–2001 Cris Collinsworth

Mark Thompson
Guinness World Records Unleashed / Gone Wild truTV 2013–2014 Dan Cortese

Musamman:

  • Guinness World Records: Shekaru 50, Rikodi 50 - akan ITV (Birtaniya), 11 Satumba 2004

Tare da shaharar gidan talabijin na gaskiya, Guinness World Records ya fara tallata kansa a matsayin wanda ya kirkiro nau'in talabijin, tare da taken kamar "mun rubuta littafin akan Reality TV."[ana buƙatar hujja]

Suresh Joachim Arulanantham jarumin fina-finan Indo-Kanada ne kuma furodusa wanda ya karya tarihin duniya sama da 50 a kokarinsa na amfanar yara marasa galihu. Ana hotonsa a nan yayin nasarar nasarar rikodin rikodin duniya na kwanaki 2, awanni 7, da mintuna 5 a Shoppers World Brampton .

Bugawa na gamer[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 2008, Guinness World Records ya fito da bugu na gamer, reshe wanda ke adana rikodin don shahararren wasan bidiyo da maki mai yawa, lambobi da fa'idodi cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Twin Galaxies . Ɗabi'ar Gamer ta ƙunshi shafuka 258, sama da 1,236 game da wasan bidiyo da ke da alaƙa da bayanan duniya da tambayoyi huɗu ciki har da ɗaya tare da Twin Galaxies wanda ya kafa Walter Day . Buga na baya-bayan nan shine Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2020, wanda aka saki 5 ga Satumba 2019.

Littafin Guinness na Burtaniya Hit Singles[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Littafin Guinness na British Hit Singles littafi ne na tuntuɓar kiɗa da aka fara bugawa a cikin 1977. BBC Radio 1 DJs Paul Gambaccini da Mike Read tare da 'yan'uwa Tim Rice da Jonathan Rice ne suka hada shi. Ita ce ta farko a cikin adadin littattafan nunin kiɗan da Guinness Publishing za ta buga tare da buga littafin 'yar'uwar The Guinness Book of British Hit Albums yana zuwa a cikin 1983. Bayan an sayar da shi zuwa Hit Entertainment, an haɗa bayanan da suka shafi Official Chart Company's singles and album charts a ƙarƙashin taken British Hit Singles & Albums, tare da Hit Entertainment buga littafin daga 2003 zuwa 2006 (a ƙarƙashin alamar Guinness World Records). Bayan an sayar da Records na Duniya na Guinness ga The Jim Pattison Group, an maye gurbinsa da kyau da jerin littattafan da Ebury Publishing/Random House ya buga tare da littafin Budurwa na Bugawar Bugawa na Burtaniya da aka fara bugawa a cikin 2007 kuma tare da littafin Hit Albums bayan shekaru biyu bayan shekaru biyu.

Sauran kafofin watsa labarai da samfurori[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wasan allo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 1975, Parker Brothers ya sayar da wasan jirgi, Wasan Guinness na Records na Duniya, bisa littafin. ’Yan wasa suna gasa ta hanyar saitawa da kuma karya bayanai don ayyuka irin su mafi tsayin dice na birgima kafin yin mirgina ninki biyu, tara kayan filastik, da bouncing a madadin katin, da kuma amsa tambayoyin da ba su dace ba dangane da jeri a cikin Littafin Guinness na Records na Duniya .

Wasanin bidiyo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wasan bidiyo, Guinness World Records: Wasan Bidiyo, TT Fusion ne ya haɓaka kuma aka sake shi don Nintendo DS, Wii da iOS a watan Nuwamba 2008.

Fim[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 2012, Warner Bros. ya sanar da ci gaba da aikin fim na rayuwa na Guinness Records tare da Daniel Chun a matsayin marubucin rubutun. Sigar fim ɗin da alama za ta yi amfani da nasarorin jarumtaka na masu rikodi. a matsayin tushen labarin da ya kamata ya zama abin sha'awa a duniya.

Nassoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ Template:Cite web.
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Guinness2006
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named discontinue

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guinness_World_Records&oldid=298735"