Harshen Kulung (Nepal)

Harshen Kulung
Dangin harshen	Sino-Tibetan (en) ; Himalayish (en) ; Mahakiranti (en) ; Kiranti (en) ; Harshen Kulung (Nepal); ; ; ; ;
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Devanagari (en)
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	kle
Glottolog	kulu1253

Kulung (autonym : Kulu riŋ, [kulu rɪŋ]) ɗaya ne daga cikin harsunan Kiranti; kimanin mutane 33,000 ne ke magana. Van Driem (2001) ya haɗa da Chukwa a matsayin yare.

Wurare[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kulung a wasu ƙauyuka goma da ke saman kogin Huṅga ko Hoṅgu (wani raƙuman ruwa na Dūdhkosī), a cikin gundumar Solukhumbu na Sagarmāthā Zone, Nepal . Babban ƙauyukan da ke jin Kulung sune Chhemsi da Chheskam . Yare na musamman na yaren da ake magana da su a waɗannan ƙauyuka biyu, Kulung suna ɗaukar yare mafi asali na harshensu. Daga ƙasa, a ɓangarorin biyu na kogin Huṅga, a ƙauyukan da a yanzu ake kira Luchcham, Gudel, Chocholung, Nāmluṅg, Pilmo, Bung, Chhekmā, da Sātdi, ana magana da ire-iren Kulung marasa daraja.

Ethnologue ya lissafa garuruwan Kulung kamar haka:

Kwarin kogin Hongu, gundumar Solukhumbu, yankin Sagarmatha : Bung, Pelmang, Chhemsing, Chheskam, Lucham, Chachalung, Satdi, Gudel, Namlung, Sotang, da Chekma
Gundumar Sankhuwasabha, Kosi Zone : Mangtewa, Yaphu, and Seduwa VDCs
Gundumar Bhojpur, Kosi Zone : Phedi, Limkhim, Khartanga, da Wasepla VDCs

Fassarar sauti[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yaruka na yaren Kulung sun haɗa da Sotang (Sotaring, Sottaring), Mahakulung, Tamachhang, Pidisoi, Chhapkoa, Pelmung, Namlung, da Khambu. Kulung ya bambanta tsakanin wasula takwas da diphthong 11 . Akwai jerin tasha guda uku: dorsovelar, hakori, da labial, kowane jeri yana da maras murya mara buri, mai buri mara murya, da bambance-bambancen murya mara buri. Akwai sautin hanci guda uku, masu kusantar guda huɗu, ɗaya mai ƙarfi, ɗaya mai ɓacin rai, da ƙazafi uku .

Wasula[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kulung yana da gajerun wasali shida da dogayen wasula shida:

Kulung wasalan
	Gaba		Tsakiya		Baya
	short	long	short	long	short	long
Kusa	i	iː			u	uː
Tsakar	e	eː	ə	əː	ɔ	ɔː
Bude			a	aː

Wasalan gaba da na tsakiya ba su da zagaye, yayin da wasulan na baya suna zagaye.

Consonants[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wayoyin baki
		Bilabial	Dental	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n		ŋ
	mara murya mara buri	p	t	tɕ	k	ʔ
	murya	b	d	dʑ	g	ʔ
	mara murya	pʰ	tʰ	tɕʰ	kʰ
Masu saɓo	mara murya		s
Masu saɓo	murya					ɦ
Kaɗa			ɾ
Kimanin		w	l	j

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Kulung". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Kulung". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

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