Harshen Maa
| Harshen Maa | |
|---|---|
| Linguistic classification |
|
Harsunan Maa rukuni ne na Harsunan Nilotic na Gabas da ke da alaƙa da juna (ko kuma daga hangen nesa na harshe, yaruka, kamar yadda suke bayyana a fahimtar juna) da ake magana a wasu sassan Kenya da Tanzania da masu magana sama da miliyan daya. An raba su zuwa Arewa da Kudu Maa. Harsunan Maa suna da alaƙa da yarukan Lotuko da ake magana a Sudan ta Kudu
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A baya, mutane da yawa sun watsar da yarensu don neman yaren Maa, yawanci suna bin lokacin hulɗa mai zurfi na al'adu da tattalin arziki. Daga cikin mutanen da suka haɗu da mutanen Maa sune Aasáx (Asa) da El Molo, tsoffin mafarauta masu tarawa waɗanda ke magana da yarukan Cushitic, da Mukogodo-Maasai (Yaaku), tsoffin masu kula da ƙudan zuma da mafarauta (Eastern Cushittic). Okiek na arewacin Tanzania, masu magana da harshen Kudancin Nilotic Kalenjin, suna ƙarƙashin tasiri mai tsanani daga Maasai.
Harsuna[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Har ila yau, mutanen Baraguyu na Tsakiyar Tanzania suna magana da yaren Maa, a wani yanki da ake kira Makata Swamp kusa da Morogoro, TZ.Wani nau'in Maa na Kenya ya kasance, Kore . Bayan Purko Maasai sun ci su a cikin shekarun 1870, Kore sun gudu zuwa arewa maso gabashin Kenya inda Mutanen Somaliya suka kama su. Bayan sun yi aiki na shekaru a matsayin abokan ciniki ko bayi a cikin gidajen Somaliya, sojojin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya sun 'yantar da su a ƙarshen karni na 19. Sun rasa yarensu kuma suna magana da Somaliya. Rashin shanu ya kawo su tsibirin Lamu a rabi na biyu na karni na 20, inda suke zaune a yau.
Sake ginawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Vossen & Rottland ne suka sake gina Proto-Ongamo-Maa (1989).
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Heine, Bernd & Vossen, Rainer (1980) 'The Kore of Lamu: Gudummawa ga ilimin Maa', Afrika und übersee, 62, 272-.
- Vossen, Rainer (1982) The Eastern Nilotes: Harshen Harshe da Tarihi. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag. .
- Vossen, Rainer (1988) Zuwa ga kwatankwacin nazarin yarukan Maa na Kenya da Tanzania (Nilo-Saharan 2.) Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag .
- Sommer, Gabriele (1992) 'Bincike kan mutuwar harshe a Afirka', a cikin Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.) Mutuwar Harshe: Bincike na Gaskiya da Ka'idoji tare da Bayani na Musamman ga Gabashin Afirka. Berlin/New York: Tumar Gruyter, shafuffuka na 301-.
Haɗin waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Maa Language Project, shafin yanar gizon da Doris L. Payne ke kula da shi a Jami'ar Oregon