Harsunan Maban

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Harsunan Maban
Linguistic classification
Glottolog maba1274[1]

Harsunan Maban ƙananan dangin harsuna ne waɗanda aka haɗa su a cikin yankin Nilo-Sahara da aka tsara. Ana magana da yarukan Maban a gabashin Chadi, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya da yammacin Sudan (Darfur).

Harsuna[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ofishin Maban ya hada da harsuna masu zuwa:

  • Mimi na Nachtigal
  • Kenjeje (Yaali, Faranga)
  • Masalit: Surbakhal, Masalit
  • Aiki (Runga da Kibet, wani lokacin ana ɗaukar su harsuna daban-daban)
  • Maba: Karanga, Marfa, Maba

Harsunan da aka tabbatar a Mimi-N jerin kalmomi guda biyu da aka lakafta "Mimi", waɗanda Decorse (Mimi-D) da Nachtigal (Mimi) suka tattara, an kuma rarraba su a matsayin Maban, kodayake an kalubalanci wannan. Mimi-N ya bayyana yana da alaƙa da Maban da ya dace, yayin da Mimi-D ya bayyana ba Maban ba ne kwata-kwata, tare da kamanceceniya saboda hulɗar harshe da Maba mai rinjaye a cikin gida.

Blench (2021) ya ba da rarrabuwa mai zuwa: [2]

  • Farko-Maban
    • ? Mimi na Nachtigal
    • Aiki-Kibet
      • Aiki (= Runga)
      • Kibet
    • Babban reshe
      • Kendeje
      • Masalit, Surbakhal
      • Maban (= Mabang)

Dangantaka ta waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dangane da shaidar morphological kamar alamar lamba ta uku a kan sunayen, Roger Blench (2021) ya nuna cewa dangi mafi kusa na harsunan Maban na iya zama Harsunan Gabashin Sudan, musamman Harsunan Taman, waɗanda suka zama reshe a cikin Arewacin Gabashin Sudan. Maban kuma yana [2] kamanceceniya da harsunan Fur, Harsunan Sahara, har ma da harsuna na Songhay, amma gabaɗaya yana da ƙarin matakai na lexical tare da Harsunan Gabashin Sudan.

Kalmomin kwatankwacin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Blench (2021) ya gabatar da waɗannan ƙayyadaddun don proto-Maban: [2]

(p) b t d tʃ K ɡ
s (z) ʃ (h)
m n ɲ ŋ
w r r j

Wataƙila wasula sun kasance nau'ikan ATR, tare da akalla *ɛ *e *i *ɔ *o *u kuma mai yiwuwa *ɪ *ʊ, tare da tsawon.

Wataƙila akwai sautunan rajista guda biyu tare da yiwuwar sautunan layi a kan dogon wasali.

Misali na asali na ƙamus don yarukan Maban:

Harshe ido kunne hanci hakora harshe baki jini kasusuwa itace ruwa cin abinci sunan
Proto-Maban [2] *kàSì-k * Mai girma *sati-k; *sàdí-k / *sadi-ɲi *delemi-k *farin-ŋ *ta-k / *ta-si *-a baya- *Mili-ik
Maba[3] Kaʃì-k/-ñi koi-k boiñ sati-k Delmi-k kan-a/-ku Aríi Kany-k soŋgo-k Ma'auni -shekara- mílí-i/-síi
Masalit[3] Koo-gí/- eh kwó̀yɛ dúrmì kácìŋgi gélmèdì Kyadda Faring Kónjì da yake da shi sa -iny- mirsi/-ldiŋ
Aiki[3] Yanayi da yawa Kàsá Mutanen da suka fi dacewa Sai ya mutu adìyím Yuy-k Sai/-ó; sai dai Yana da kyau kuma yana da kyau rí-k tà-k -Yana da Meek-í/-ú
Kibet[3] Kàs/-u Kàsá mùndù Sai ya mutu Har ila yau, akwai yiwuwar Yuy-k fal/-u; ari njekedi / Joyam ri-k ta -Yana da M lk-i/- na' yan
Mimi na Nachtigal[4] kal kuyi huron ziːk dubu Ari kadʒi rana (< Fur?)
Mimi na Decorse[5] Ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara feɾ fir ɲain ɲyo su Ainihin ɲyam

Lambobin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kwatanta lambobi a cikin harsuna daban-daban:

Rarraba Harshe 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Maba Maba Rashin jin daɗi, tonː mbàːr, mbíːr, Mbùl Sombu: Ka'yan Assàːl, assíː Kaːr, kaiːr sit̀tàːl, langíː < Larabci sitta Màndiː ayyáː Oddɔyí Optúɡ
Masalit Masalit (1) Taya Abokan da ke cikin Kaaŋ Aás Toor it̪í mari har ma da Ayi Za a iya amfani da shi
Masalit Masalit (2) Sieyom (ba tare da suna ba), Siele (tare da n.) a fili Rubuce-rubuce kamar yadda tur ya kasance Ma'auni aya adey Utuk
Masalit Masalit (3) tyǒm (ba tare da suna ba), tíiilò (tare da n.) Abokan da ke cikin Kaaŋ A.S.A. kai a cikin mari zuwa ga watan a ranar da aka yi amfani da ita Utik
Runga-Kibet Kibet doˈwai A cikinsa khasaŋˈɡal ʔaːtal ya zama abin ƙyama ʔiˈsal mɪndɪrˈsɪʔ mbaːkhl Kayan da za a yi amfani da su Ya yi amfani da shi
Runga-Kibet Runga Khanˈda mba khazaŋɡa ya zo da kansa tur Izne mɪnˈdirsi mbɑkadeli Khaddɛl jtukia

Dubi kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/maba1274 |chapterurl= missing title (help). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Blench, Roger. 2021. The Maban languages and their place within Nilo-Saharan.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Edgar, John T. 1991. Maba-group Lexicon. (Sprache und Oralität in Afrika: Frankfurter Studien zur Afrikanistik, 13.) Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
  4. ↑ Lukas, Johannes & Otto Völckers. 1938. G. Nachtigal's Aufzeichnungen über die Sprache der Mimi in Wadai. Zeitschrift für Eingeborenensprachen 29. 145‒154.
  5. ↑ Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Maurice. 1907. Document sur les Langues de l'Oubangui-Chari. In Actes du XVIe Congrès International des Orientalistes, Alger, 1905, Part II, 172-330. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
  • Kalmomin da suka shafi abin da suka faru. 2008. Binciken zamantakewa da harshe na yarukan Kibet, Rounga, Daggal da Mourro na Chadi. SIL International.

Ƙarin karantawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Maba-rukunin Lexicon. (Sprache und Oralität a cikin Afrika: Frankfurter Studien zur Afrikanistik, 13.) Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
  • Edgar, John. 1991. Mataki na farko zuwa ga Proto-Maba. Harsuna da Al'adu na Afirka 4: 113-133.

Haɗin waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

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