Henriette Avram
Henriette Davidson Avram (Oktoba 7,1919 - Afrilu 22, 2006) mai tsara shirye-shiryen kwamfuta ce kuma manazarciyar tsarin wanda ya haɓaka tsarin MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging),ƙa'idar bayanan duniya don littattafan littafi da riko da bayanai a cikin ɗakunan karatu.Ci gaban Avram na tsarin MARC a ƙarshen 1960s da farkon 1970s, a ɗakin karatu na Majalisa yana da tasiri mai sauyi akan aikin ɗakin karatu,wanda hakan ya ba da damar sarrafa ayyukan ɗakin karatu da yawa da kuma raba bayanan bibliographic ta hanyar lantarki tsakanin ɗakunan karatu ta amfani da abubuwan da suka rigaya.ma'auni na kasida.
Shekarun farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Henriette Regina Davidson a Manhattan a ranar 7 ga Oktoba,1919, ga uba wanda ya kasance mai rarraba kayan agogo kuma uwa ce mai ba da rahoto ta Philadelphia Ledger .Ko da yake ba ta taɓa yin niyyar zama ma'aikaciyar ɗakin karatu ba,Henriette ta shafe yawancin Asabar na ƙuruciyarta tana karantawa a cikin shagunan unguwanni,waɗanda,a wancan lokacin,ke ɗauke da ƙananan ɗakunan karatu na jama'a.[1]
Henriette Davidson ta yi mafarkin samun maganin ciwon daji,wanda ta zama ruwan dare a cikin danginta.Don haka ta yi karatun digiri na farko a Kwalejin Hunter . A cikin 1941, ta auri Herbert Mois Avram,[2] wanda ta shiga cikin sojojin ruwa.A ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu, ya kasance babban kwamandan ƙawance wanda aka ba shi gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Atlantic da Pacific.
Avrams suna da 'ya'ya uku: Marci, Lloyd, da Jay, kuma sun ci gaba da zama a New York har zuwa 1951,lokacin da Herbert Avram ya ɗauki aiki tare da Hukumar Tsaro ta Ƙasa a Washington, DC Herbert Avram shi ma zai yi aiki da CIA,a ƙarshe.zama majagaba a cikin masana'antar bayar da rahoto na kotu na dijital, wanda ta haɓaka Rufe Kalmomi don talabijin.
Farkon sana'a[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ma'auratan sun fara ƙaura zuwa Arlington,daga baya kuma zuwa Silver Spring . Da zarar ya zauna a Virginia,Avram ta bar rayuwarta na yin gida a baya. :860Ta fara karatun lissafi a Jami'ar George Washington kuma ta shiga Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa (NSA) a 1952 a matsayin daya daga cikin masu shirye-shiryen kwamfuta na farko da ke aiki tare da IBM 701.[3]
A farkon shekarun 1960,Avram ta koma kamfanoni masu zaman kansu tana aiki da farko tare da Ofishin Bincike na Amurka sannan daga baya ga Kamfanin Datatrol Corporation, kamfanin software. Dukansu ayyukan sun ƙunshi nazarin tsarin da shirye-shirye, amma a Datatrol ne Avram ta sami ƙwararrun ƙwararrunta ta farko tare da ɗakunan karatu. Da aka nemi ta zana ɗakin karatu na kimiyyar na'ura mai kwakwalwa, ta yi sauri ta karanta littattafai na kimiyyar ɗakin karatu da yawa domin ta koyi jargon da ya dace. Ta kuma dauki ma'aikacin laburare don taimaka mata wajen tsara zane.Ta wannan aikin ne aka gabatar da Avram ga Sabis na Sabis na Katin Majalisa . Ta kuma yi aikin tuntuba tare da Frederick Kilgour, mahaifin Cibiyar Laburare na Kwamfuta ta Yanar Gizo,akan yunƙurin farko na OCLC na sarrafa bayanan littafi mai tsarki.:860 A cikin Maris 1965, Avram ya ji labarin buɗewa a ɗakin karatu na Majalisa,kuma an ɗauke shi hayar a matsayin manazarcin tsarin a Ofishin ƙwararren Tsarin Watsa Labarai. [4] :860