Igbo-Ukwu
 Igbo-Ukwu | ||||
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| Wuri | ||||
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| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Najeriya | |||
| Jiha | Anambra | |||
| Ƙaramar hukuma a Nijeriya | Aguata | |||
| Yawan mutane | ||||
| Harshen gwamnati | Turanci | |||
| Bayanan Tuntuɓa | ||||
| Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci | ||||
Igbo-Ukwu ( Turanci : Great Igbo ) birni ne, da ke jihar Anambra a Najeriya, a yankin kudu maso tsakiyar kasar. Garin ya ƙunshi sassa uku sune; Obiuno, Ngo, da Ihite (ƙarancin yanki 4) tare da ƙauyuka da yawa a cikin kowane kwata da gundumomi talatin da shida (36). Hakanan tana da iyaka da Ora-eri, Ichida, Azigbo, Ezinifite, Amichi, Isuofia, Ikenga da wasu garuruwa.[1] Saura sun hada da Ekwulummi, Ụmụana, da dai sauransu
Muhimmancin archaeologi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Igbo-Ukwu sananne ne ga wuraren binciken kayan tarihi guda uku, inda masu bincike suka gano kayan tarihi na tagulla daga ingantattun kayan aikin maƙeran tagulla na gargajiya tun na ƙarni na 9 AD, ƙarni guda kafin gano sauran tagullolin na yankin.
Tagullan farkon, wanda aka fara ganowa mai suna kira Igbo Isaiah, an gano shi ne a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da talatin da takwas 1938 wanda wani dan kauye, Isaiah Anozie ya gano, a yayin da yake tona gefen gidansa. Nauo'in kirar tagulla guda biyar wadanda aka tono a yanzu suna ajiye a gidan kayan tarihi na Biritaniya.[2] Sun haɗa da ƙaramin ma'aikaci, shugaban rago, babban manilla, wani jirgin ruwa mai siffa mai ƙaƙƙarfan ƙirƙira da ƙaramin abin lanƙwasa a cikin sifar kan shugaban yanki mai alamar scarification (ichi) a fuska.
Wani bincike da wani masanin kimiya na kayan tarihi Thurstan Shaw ya yi a shekarar 1959 bisa bukatar gwamnatin Najeriya, ya sa aka gano wasu wurare guda biyu, Igbo Richard da Igbo Jonah, dauke da ragowar burbushin al'adun zamanin baya. Daga baya, an tono su. Kayan tarihi sun haɗa da kayan ado, tukwane, gawar da aka ƙawata cikin abin da ake ganin kamar kayan ado ne, da tagulla iri-iri, tagulla, da ƙarfe . Wasu daga cikin waɗannan sun ƙunshi kayan da suke shaida na tsarin kasuwanci mai nisa wanda ya kai Masar.
Dangantakar Radiocarbon ya sanya wuraren zuwa 850 AD,[3] wanda zai sa al'adun Igbo-Ukwu su zama sanannu misali na simintin tagulla a yankin. Masu sana'ar suna aiki ƙarni kafin waɗanda suka yi sananniyar tagulla na Ife. Wuraren binciken kayan tarihi a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya suna da alaƙa da Nri-Igbo. Wuraren uku sun hada da Igbo Isaiah (wani wurin bauta), Igbo Richard (wani makabarta), da Igbo Jonah ( cache ). Abubuwan da ake samu a wadannan wuraren sun nuna cewa a karni na 9 miladiyya al’ummar Igbo-Ukwu sun kafa tsarin addini mai sarkakiya da tattalin arzikin da ya ginu bisa noma da kasuwanci da sauran al’ummar Afirka har zuwa kwarin Nilu.
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kayan tarihin Igbo ukwu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Alice Apley ya rubuta game da ayyukan su:
“Mazaunan Igbo-Ukwu na da fasahar kere-kere da ta bunkasa tun a karni na tara. An tona rukunan guda uku, wanda ke nuna ɗaruruwan tasoshin al'ada da jefar da tagulla ko gubar tagulla waɗanda ke cikin mafi ƙirƙira da fasaha na tagulla da aka taɓa yi. Mutanen Igbo-Ukwu (wanda aka fi sani da Igbo-Nkwo), kakannin Igbo na yau, su ne farkon masu sana'ar tagulla da karfen alloy a Afirka ta Yamma, suna aiki da karfe ta hanyar buga shi, lankwasa shi, murda shi, da sare shi. Wataƙila suna cikin ƙungiyoyin farko na Afirka ta Yamma don yin amfani da dabarun simintin ɓata na kakin zuma wajen samar da sassaken tagulla. Abin ban mamaki, shaidu sun nuna cewa aikin ƙarafunan yana da iyaka kuma maƙeran Igbo ba su da masaniya da dabaru irin su kiwo, sayar da kayan aikin igbo, da kera wayoyi, duk da cewa ana amfani da waɗannan dabarun a wasu wurare a nahiyar."[4]
Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Masarautar Nri
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Fidesnigeria (5 May 2013). "Tension Grips Igboukwu* Leadership Crisis, Gunmen Hold Town Hostage". Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
- ↑ British Museum Collection
- ↑ Thurstan Shaw, Those Igbo-Ukwu radiocarbon dates: facts, fictions, and probabilities, Journal of African History, 1975
- ↑ Apley, Alice. "Igbo-Ukwu (ca. 9th century)". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 2008-11-23.
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
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