Ilimi a Libya
 Ilimi a Libya | ||||
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education in country or region (en)  | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Facet of (en) | Karantarwa | |||
| Ƙasa | Libya | |||
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Ilimi a Libya yana farawa da ilimin firamare, wanda yake kyauta kuma tilas ne. Yara a Libya tsakanin shekaru 6 zuwa 15 suna zuwa makarantar firamare sannan su halarci makarantar sakandare na ƙarin shekaru uku (masu shekaru 15 zuwa 18). Kimanin kashi 60 cikin dari na dalibai an sanya su a cikin shirin sakandare na sana'a, yayin da sauran kashi 40 cikin dari an sanya su zuwa shirin sakandare mai da hankali kan ilimi, bisa ga sakamakon gwaji da abubuwan sha'awa. A karkashin Gaddafi, ilimin firamare da sakandare ya mayar da hankali kan rubutun sa kan falsafar siyasa, Green Book, tare da tsofaffin ɗalibai da ke karatun "Jamahiriya studies".
Takaitaccen Bayani[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kimanin dalibai 766,807 a shekara ta 2000 sun halarci makarantar firamare kuma suna da malamai 97,334; kimanin dalibai 717,000 sun shiga makarantun sakandare, fasaha, da sana'a; kuma kimanin dalibai 287,172 sun shiga Jami'o'in Libya.
A shekara ta 2001 kudaden da jama'a ke kashewa a kan ilimi ya kai kusan kashi 2.7 cikin dari na yawan kayan cikin gida (GDP). Kodayake ba a sami adadi don kashe kuɗin gwamnati a kan ilimi ba, gidan talabijin na Libya ya sanar a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2004, cewa an kafa sabuwar ma'aikatar ilimi, Kwamitin Jama'a na Ilimi Mafi Girma.[1] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2005, ingancin tsarin ilimi a Libya an sanya shi 110 daga cikin kasashe 111.
A farkon shekarun 1980s, kimantawa na jimlar karatu da rubutu ya kasance tsakanin kashi 50 zuwa 60, ko kusan kashi 70 ga maza da kashi 35 ga mata, amma bambancin jinsi ya ragu tun lokacin, musamman saboda karuwar halartar mata a makaranta. A shekara ta 2001 Rahoton Ci gaban Dan Adam na Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen da suka iya karatu da rubutu ya hau zuwa kusan kashi 80.8, ko kashi 91.3 ga maza da kashi 69.3 ga mata. Dangane da ƙididdigar gwamnatin Amurka ta 2004, kashi 82 cikin 100 na yawan mutanen da suka girma (shekaru 15 da haihuwa) sun iya karatu da rubutu, ko kashi 92 cikin 100 na maza da kashi 72 cikin 100 na mata.[1] Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya rubuta kusan kashi 89.9 cikin dari na yawan manya a cikin 2014, yayin da UNICEF ta kiyasta cewa kamar yadda kashi 99.9 cikin dari ya iya karatu da rubutu tsakanin matasa masu shekaru 15 zuwa 24 ga maza da mata a cikin 2012. [2][3]
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Masarautar Libya (1951-1969)[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Duk da halin da ake ciki na tattalin arziki a cikin shekarun 1950, Masarautar Libya ta ba da umarnin kirkirar jami'arta ta farko ta zamani, Jami'ar Libya a Benghazi, a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1955. An sanya fadar "Al-Manar" ta zama harabar farko ta Jami'ar. [4] Jami'ar da farko ta hayar malamai daga wajen Libya, kuma ta dogara da gwamnatin Masar don biyan albashi na ma'aikatan da yawa na shekaru hudu na farko.[5]
Masarautar Libya ta kafa sabbin cibiyoyi da yawa kuma ta farfado da tsofaffi da yawa. Wadannan cibiyoyin sun hada da makarantun koranic kuma sun kasance masu addini a yanayi.[6]
Tsarin Gaddafi (1969-2011)[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ilimi a lokacin mulkin Muammar Gaddafi a Libya an bayyana shi ta hanyar rubutun da ya yi game da falsafar siyasa, wanda aka sani da Green Book da kuma imani da ƙaddamar da cibiyoyin gwamnati daban-daban. Littafin ya kasance babban bangare na tsarin karatun Libya don ilimin firamare da sakandare a ƙarƙashin mulkinsa. Dalibai daga shekaru 9 zuwa 18 ana buƙatar suyi nazarin gwamnatin Gaddafi a cikin azuzuwan da ake kira "Jamahiriya studies". Jamahiriya ta rufe fannoni daban-daban na gwamnatin Libya, ko dai an ɗauke su kai tsaye daga Green Book ko kuma an tattara su daga Green Book zuwa matani daban-daban.[7] Marubucin Burtaniya George Tremlett ya ba da rahoton cewa ɗalibai za su yi nazarin Green Book na sa'o'i biyu a kowane mako a 1993. Sauran batutuwa sun haɗa da waɗannan falsafancin siyasa, kamar rubutun Geography da ke ƙaryata iyakokin ƙasa na yanzu don inganta imanin pan-arabist. Don tilasta waɗannan ra'ayoyin, ana buƙatar duk masu tsara tsarin karatu su kasance wani ɓangare na lijan thawriya, kwamitocin gida da aka keɓe don fassarar Green Book.[1][7]
Farawa a cikin 1972, yawan makarantun horar da malamai ya karu da kuma yin rajista a makarantun sana'a. Akwai karuwar dalibai da ke neman karatun sakandare a jami'o'i biyu da kuma bangaren fasaha da sana'a. A shekara ta 1975, akwai jami'o'i biyu kawai kuma kimanin dalibai 13,418 ne suka shiga makarantar sakandare. A shekara ta 2004, akwai jami'o'i tara da makarantun fasaha da sana'a 84 tare da dalibai sama da 270,000 na sakandare.[6]
A cikin shekarun 1980s, gwamnatin Libya ta fahimci cewa ba za ta iya biyan bukatun ƙwararrun ma'aikata da malamai na sakandare ba, kuma ta fara sake fasalin don taimakawa wajen biyan waɗannan bukatun. A shekara ta 1988, sakataren ilimi na lokacin Maatouq M. Maatouq ya taimaka wajen kafa Ma'aikatar Fasaha da Horar da Kwarewa, wanda ke kula da makarantun kasuwanci da shirye-shiryen sana'a na sakandare. A wannan shekarar, Gaddafi ya kuma nemi Dokta Saleh Ibrahim da ya kirkiro makarantar sakandare ta farko a Libya, wacce a shekara ta 2004 ta horar da kashi 80 cikin 100 na ma'aikatan koyarwa na sakandare na Libya.
Bayan Gaddafi Era (2011-yanzu)[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yaƙin basasar Libya a cikin 2011 ya haifar da jinkiri zuwa farkon azuzuwan shekara mai zuwa a duk matakan da suka jawo zargi ga Majalisar Canjin Kasa. Har ila yau, ya jawo hankali ga kurakurai da yawa a cikin tsarin ilimi a ƙarƙashin Gaddafi. A cewar Tripoli Post, dalibai a Jami'ar Tripoli sun ji cewa gwamnatin Gaddafi ta ba su ilimi mara inganci.
Bayan yakin basasa na 2011, sabuwar ma'aikatar ilimi ta fara kokarin sake rubuta tsarin karatun. Sabbin darussan da matani sun fara aiwatarwa a watan Janairun 2012. A karkashin mulkin wucin gadi, an yi ƙoƙari don cire tasirin Gadiffi daga dukkan matakan ilimi har sai an iya magance shi yadda ya kamata. Ministan ilimi na mukaddashin Suliman El-Sahli ya bayyana cewa ma'aikatar tana fatan "Za a gabatar da dukkan lokutan tarihi da gaskiya, ba tare da farfaganda ba".[7]
A karkashin mulkin Gaddafi, an tsara ilimin sana'a musamman don ayyukan cikin gida, na jama'a. Kokarin mayar da hankali ga sana'a zuwa ayyukan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da inganta dangantakar kasa da kasa ya zama muhimmiyar matsala ga sabuwar gwamnati a Libya. A cikin 2013, Hukumar Fasaha da Ilimi ta Libya ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar tare da TVET UK da ke Burtaniya don sauƙaƙe ƙoƙarin sabunta cibiyoyin da aka kafa a cikin 1970s da 1980s da kuma sake fasalin ilimin sana'a a Libya. TVET UK ta amince da yin aiki tare da masu samar da kayayyaki na Burtaniya don kafa bita a Libya don shirya sauyawar ƙwararrun ayyuka zuwa sabbin masana'antu masu zaman kansu. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2013, Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya fara shirin samar da kudade don aika dalibai don yin karatu a kasashen waje. Shirin ya zaɓi malamai 2,004 tare da digiri na biyu da dalibai 5,692 don kammala karatunsu a kasashen waje a farkonsa, tare da shirye-shiryen aika wasu dalibai 3,616 a cikin shekaru masu zuwa da kuma samar da wasu dalibai 31,000 tare da horar da harshen Ingilishi. Da farko, asusun ya ba da tallafin karatu ga ɗaliban da suka yi yaƙi a cikin 'yan bindiga a lokacin yakin basasa, amma daga baya aka faɗaɗa shi don ba da damar mata da ɗalibai masu nakasa su sami tallafin karatu.
Bayanan da aka ambata[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Libya country profile. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (April 2005). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ↑ "Human Development Reports: Libya". hdr.undp.org. United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
- ↑ "At a Glance: Libya (Statistics)". unicef.org. UNICEF. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
- ↑ Mohammed Faraj Dghaim, p. 105.
- ↑ Mohammed Faraj Dghaim, p. 106.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Clark, Nick (July 2004). "Education in Libya". World Education News and Reviews. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Gillis, Clare Morgana (May 2012). "End of History in the New Libya". Foreign Policy (193): 1–5.