Jami'ar Stanford
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Jami'ar Stanford (a hukumance ana kiran ta: Leland Stanford Junior University)[1] jami'ar bincike ce mai zaman kanta a Stanford, California, Amurka. An kafa ta ne a cikin shekarar 1885 Leland Stanford, gwamna na takwas kuma Sanata mai ci daga California, da matarsa, Jane, ya kafa ta, don tunawa da ɗansu tilo, Leland Jr.[2]
Jami'ar ta dauki da ɗalibanta na farko a cikin shekarar 1891,[2] ta buɗe a matsayin cibiyar haɗin gwiwa. Jami'ar ta yi fama da rashin kuɗi bayan Leland ya mutu a cikin shekarar 1893 da kuma bayan girgizar kasa ta San Francisco inda yawancin harabar makarantar ta lalace a shekarar 1906.[3] A shekara ta 2021, jami'a tana da malamai 2,288, manyan abokan aiki, abokan cibiyar, da kuma malaman kiwon lafiya a kan ma'aikata.[4]An shirya jami'ar a kusa da makarantu bakwai na karatu akan harabar 8,180-acre (hectare 3,310), ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin ƙasa.[5] Yana dauke da Cibiyar Hoover, cibiyar tunani na manufofin jama'a, kuma an rarraba shi tsakanin "R1: Jami'o'in Doctoral - Ayyukan bincike mai girma"[6] Dalibai suna gasa a cikin wasanni na Jami'a 36, kuma jami'ar tana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyi takwas masu zaman kansu a cikin Taron Tekun Atlantika (ACC). Stanford ta lashe gasar zakarun kungiyar NCAA guda 131,[7] kuma an ba ta kyautar Kofin Daraktocin NACDA na tsawon shekaru 25 a jere, tun daga 1994.[8] Dalibai da tsofaffin ɗalibai sun sami lambobin yabo na Olympics 302 (ciki har da zinare 153).[9] Bugu da ƙari, tsofaffin ɗalibanta sun haɗa da Masanan Fulbright da , Masanan Marshall, Masanan Gates Cambridge, Masanan Rhodes, da membobin Majalisar Dokokin Amurka.[10]
Tarihin Jami'ar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Leland da Jane Stanford ne suka kafa Jami'ar Stanford a cikin shekarar 1885, wadda suka sadaukar don tunawa da Leland Stanford Jr., ɗansu tilo. Cibiyar ta buɗe a cikin 1891 akan gonar Palo Alto ta Stanford ta baya. Stanfords sun tsara jami'ar su ta hanyar manyan jami'o'in Gabas, musamman Jami'ar Cornell a Ithaca, New York. An kira Stanford a matsayin "Cornell na Yamma" a shekarar 1891 saboda yawancin malamansa sun kasance tsoffin yan haɗin gwiwar Cornell, ciki har da shugabansa na farko, David Starr Jordan, da shugaban sa na biyu, John Casper Branner. Dukansu Cornell da Stanford suna cikin waɗanda suka fara samar da ilimi mai zurfi, waɗanda ba na bangaranci ba, da buɗe wa mata da maza. An lasafta Cornell a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jami'o'in Amurka na farko da suka ɗauki wannan tsattsauran ra'ayi daga ilimin gargajiya, kuma Stanford ya zama mai riko da farko.[11]
Ta fuskar gine-gine, Stanfords sun so jami'arsu ta zama daban kuma sun nemi yin koyi da salon gine-ginen jami'ar Ingila. Sun kayyade a cikin kyautar kafawa cewa gine-ginen ya kamata su kasance "kamar tsoffin gidajen Adobe na farkon kwanakin Mutanen Espanya; za su kasance mai hawa daya; za su sami kujeru, taga mai zurfi, da budedden murhu, kuma za a rufe rufin da aka saba, wato na jajayen fale-falen buraka."[12] Har ila yau, Stanfords sun dauki hayar mashahurin mai zanen shimfidar wuri, Frederick Law Olmsted, wanda a baya ya tsara harabar Cornell, don tsara harabar Stanford.[13]
Jami'ar ta sami babbar lalacewa daga girgizar kasa na San Francisco na 1906; An gyara guraren da suka lalace, amma an rushe wani sabon ɗakin karatu da dakin motsa jiki.[14] A farkon karni na 20, jami'ar ta kara kwararrun makarantun digiri hudu. An kafa Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Stanford a cikin 1908 lokacin da jami'a ta sami Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Cooper a San Francisco.[15]
Sashen shari'a na jami'a, wanda aka kafa a matsayin tsarin karatun digiri a cikin 1893, an canza shi zuwa makarantar ƙwararrun lauya tun daga 1908 kuma ta sami izini daga Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Amurka a 1923.[16].An fitar da Sashen Ilimi na Jami'ar Stanford daga Sashen Tarihi da Fasaha na Ilimi, ɗaya daga cikin sassa ashirin da ɗaya na asali a Stanford, kuma ta zama ƙwararriyar makarantar kammala karatun digiri a cikin shekarar 1917.[17]. An kafa Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Stanford a shekara ta 1925 bisa ga roƙon mai ba da gaskiya Herbert Hoover.[18]
A cikin 1940s da 1950s, Frederick Terman, farfesa injiniyan injiniya wanda daga baya ya zama provost, ya ƙarfafa ɗaliban Stanford da suka kammala karatun injiniyan su fara nasu kamfanoni da ƙirƙira kayayyaki.[19] A cikin 1950s, ya kafa Stanford Industrial Park, babban harabar kasuwanci na fasaha akan ƙasar jami'a.[20]
A cikin 1960s, Jami'ar Stanford ta tashi daga jami'ar yanki zuwa ɗaya daga cikin jami'o'i mafi daraja a Amurka, "lokacin da ta bayyana a jerin sunayen jami'o'i "manya guda goma" a Amurka."[21] Wallace Sterling ya kasance shugaban kasa daga 1949 zuwa 1968 kuma ya lura da ci gaban da ta samu, daga jami'ar yanki mai fama da matsalar kudi, zuwa ƙwaƙƙwarar jami'a mai kuɗi, da ingantaccen gidan ilimi na duniya, "Harvard na Yamma".[22]
Kasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jami'ar Stanford yana tana da fili/harabar da ta kai 8,180-acre (12.8 sq mi; 33.1 km2)[23] haraba, ɗaya mafi girma a cikin Amurka.]Ta kasance a kan San Francisco Peninsula, a arewa maso yamma na Santa Clara Valley (Silicon Valley) kusan mil 37 (kilomita 60) kudu maso gabas da San Francisco da kusan mil 20 (kilomita 30) arewa maso yamma na San Jose.[24]
Babban harabar Stanford ya haɗa da wurin ƙidayar jama'a a cikin Santa Clara County da ba a haɗa shi ba,[25] kodayake wasu ƙasar jami'a (kamar Cibiyar Siyayya ta Stanford da Cibiyar Bincike ta Stanford) tana cikin iyakokin garin Palo Alto. Har ila yau, harabar ta ƙunshi filaye da yawa a cikin gundumar San Mateo da ba a haɗa ba (ciki har da Laboratory Accelerator Laboratory na SLAC da Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve), da kuma a cikin iyakokin garin Menlo Park (Unguwar Stanford Hills), Woodside, da Portola Valley.[26]
Cibiyar ta tsakiya ta haɗa da tafkin da ake kira seasonal lake (Lake Lagunita, tafki na ban ruwa).Tun a shekarar 2012, Lake Lagunita ya kasance yana bushewa, sau da yawa kuma jami'a ba ta da shirin cika shi ta hanyar wucin gadi.[27] Ruwan sama mai yawa a cikin Janairu 2023 ya sake cika tafkin Lagunita har zuwa zurfin ƙafa 8.[28] Wasu wuraren tafki guda biyu, Lake Searsville akan San Francisquito Creek da Felt Lake, suna kan wasu sassa masu nisa a Jami'ar[29]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax – 2013' (IRS Form 990)" (PDF). foundationcenter.org. 990s.foundationcenter.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 History: Stanford University". Stanford University. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved June 3, 2020
- ↑ History – Part 2 (The New Century): Stanford University". Stanford.edu. Archived from the original on December 20, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
- ↑ Stanford Facts: The Stanford Faculty". Stanford University. 2014. Archived from the original on October 16, 2014. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
- ↑ Stanford Facts". Stanford University. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024
- ↑ Carnegie Classifications—Stanford University". Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Archived from the original on June 3, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2014
- ↑ Athletics, Stanford (May 24, 2022). "Simply Dominant". gostanford.com. Stanford University. Archived from the original on May 29, 2023. Retrieved June 1, 2022.
- ↑ Conference, Pac-12 (July 2, 2018). "Stanford wins 24th-consecutive Directors' Cup". Pac-12 News. Archived from the original on July 2, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- ↑ Athletics, Stanford (July 1, 2016). "Olympic Medal History". Stanford University Athletics. Archived from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
- ↑ "Harvard, Stanford, Yale Graduate Most Members of Congress". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
- ↑ Davis, Margo Baumgartner; Nilan, Roxanne (1989). The Stanford Album: A Photographic History, 1885–1945. Stanford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-8047-1639-0.
- ↑ "Founding Grant with Amendments" (PDF). November 11, 1885. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 7, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2021
- ↑ University, Office of the Registrar-Stanford. "Stanford Bulletin – Stanford University". web.stanford.edu. Archived from the original on April 1, 2024. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
- ↑ "Post-destruction decisions". Stanford University and the 1906 Earthquake. Archived from the original on June 4, 2024. Retrieved May 3, 2021.
- ↑ "Stanford University School of Medicine and the Predecessor Schools: An Historical Perspective. Part IV: Cooper Medical College 1883–1912. Chapter 30. Consolidation with Stanford University 1906 – 1912". Stanford Medical History Center. Archived from the original on June 11, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
- ↑ ABA-Approved Law Schools by Year". By Year Approved. Archived from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
- ↑ History". Stanford Graduate School of Education. September 17, 2018. Archived from the original on July 4, 2024. Retrieved May 3, 2021
- ↑ "Our History". Stanford Graduate School of Business. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 3, 2021
- ↑ Lécuyer, Christophe (August 24, 2007). Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930–1970 (1st ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. pp. 49–50. ISBN 978-0262622110.
- ↑ Sandelin, Jon. "Co-Evolution of Stanford University & the Silicon Valley: 1950 to Today" (PDF). WIPO. Stanford University Office of Technology Licensing. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 12, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2018
- ↑ Lowen, Rebecca S. (July 1, 1997). Creating the Cold War University: The Transformation of Stanford (1st ed.). US: University of California Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-520-91790-3.
- ↑ Roxanne L. Nilan, and Cassius L. Kirk Jr., Stanford's Wallace Sterling: Portrait of a Presidency 1949–1968 (Stanford Up, 2023)
- ↑ "Stanford Facts". Stanford University. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 8, 2024
- ↑ Report, Stanford (October 9, 2008). "University spent $2.1 billion locally in 2006, study shows". stanford.edu. Archived from the original on May 12, 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2014.
- ↑ "2020 CENSUS – CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Stanford CDP, CA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 1, 2023. Retrieved July 1, 2023.
Stanford Univ
- ↑ "Stanford Facts: The Stanford Lands". stanford.edu. Stanford University. 2013. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
- ↑ "Stanford students rejoice over full Lake Lag". January 9, 2023. Archived from the original on May 29, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
- ↑ Stanford students rejoice over full Lake Lag". January 9, 2023. Archived from the original on May 29, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2023
- ↑ Krieger, Lisa M (December 28, 2008). "Felt Lake: Muddy portal to Stanford's past". The Mercury News. Archived from the original on July 10, 2022. Retrieved July 10, 2022.