Kalmar The

Kalmar The
English article (en) , definite article (en) da definite article (en)
Bayanai
Bisa	Old English (en) da Middle English (en)
Harshen aiki ko suna	Turanci
Subject lexeme (en)	L2768

A ( /ð ə , ː iː / ( </img> / ) ) Labari ne na nahawu a cikin Ingilishi, wanda ke nuna mutane ko abubuwan da aka ambata, ƙarƙashin tattaunawa, ma'ana ko akasin haka waɗanda ake sauraro, masu karatu ko masu magana. Shi ne da tabbataccen labarin in English. Kalmar ita ce kalmar da aka fi amfani da ita a cikin harshen Ingilishi; karatuttukan karatu da nazarin rubuce-rubuce sun samo asusu bakwai cikin ɗari na duka kalmomin Turanci da aka buga. An samo asali ne daga labarai na jinsi a cikin Tsohon Turanci wanda ya haɗu a Ingilishi na Tsakiya kuma yanzu yana da nau'i guda wanda aka yi amfani da shi tare da karin magana na kowane jinsi. Ana iya amfani da kalmar tare da sunaye biyu da jam'i kuma tare da suna wanda zai fara da kowane harafi. Wannan ya bambanta da sauran harsuna da yawa waɗanda ke da nau'ikan daban-daban na tabbataccen labarin don jinsi ko lambobi daban-daban.

Sanarwa

A mafi yaruka, "da" ne da sunan kamar yadda /ðə/ (tare da bayyana hakori fricative /ð/ bi ta a schwa ) a lokacin da ya bi ta hanyar mai baƙi sauti, kuma kamar yadda /ðiː/ (homophone na wakilin suna kai ) a lokacin da ya bi ta hanyar wani wasali sauti ko amfani da shi azaman ƙarfafa ƙarfi .

Ingilishi na Amurka da New Zealand na zamani suna da haɓaka don taƙaita amfani da /ðiː/ lafazi da amfani /ðə/, tun kafin wasali.

Mai mallaka

Tabbatattun labarin ƙa'idodi a cikin Ingilishi an bayyana su a ƙarƙashin " Amfani da labarai ". The, kamar yadda a cikin kalmomi kamar "mafi kyau mafi kyau", yana da asalin asali da asalin halitta kuma kwatsam ya samo asali zuwa tabbataccen labarin.

Labari

The da cewa su ne na kowa aukuwa daga wannan Old English tsarin. Tsohon Ingilishi yana da tabbataccen labarin se (a cikin jinsi na maza ), sēo (na mata), da <i id="mwQA">þæt</i> (mara kyau). A Tsakiyar Ingilishi, waɗannan duka sun haɗu zuwa þe, kakan Kalmar Ingilishi na zamani the .

Yankin da amfani ko rashin amfani da shi a wasu lokuta matsala yake tare da sunayen yanki :

• sanannun wuraren tarihi - koguna, teku, tsaunukan tsaunuka, hamada, kungiyoyin tsuburai ( tsuburai ) da sauransu - ana amfani dasu gaba ɗaya tare da "tabbataccen labarin ( Rhine, North Sea, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides ).
• nahiyoyi, tsibirai daban-daban, sassan gudanarwa da ƙauyuka galibi ba sa ɗaukar labarin "" "( Turai, Jura, Austria (amma Jamhuriyar Austria ), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (amma County na York ), Madrid ).
• farko da na kowa suna bi ta na iya daukar labarin, kamar yadda a cikin tsibiri na Wight ko tsibiri na Portland (kwatanta Kirsimeti Island), wannan ya shafi sunayen cibiyoyin: Cambridge University, amma Jami'ar Cambridge.
• Wasu sunaye sun haɗa da labarin, kamar Bronx ko The Hague .
• galibi an bayyana sunaye guda ɗaya, Tsibirin Arewa (New Zealand) ko Yammacin Countryasar (Ingila), ɗauki labarin.

Kasashe da yankuna yankuna galibi sun haɗu, galibi sun ware "the" amma akwai wasu da ke bin ƙa'idodin sakandare:

• samo asali daga sunaye gama gari:
  • united / union: Amurka, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa
• cikakken sunaye - Jamhuriyar Czech (amma Czechia ), Tarayyar Rasha (amma Rasha ), Shugabancin Monaco (amma Monaco ), Jihar Isra’ila (amma Isra’ila ) da Commonwealth na Australia (amma Australia ).
  • "tsibirai", "tsibiri" ko "ƙasar": Netherlands, Tsibirin Falkland, Tsibirin Faroe, Tsibirin Cayman, Philippines da Comoros
• Abubuwan da aka samo daga "tsibiri" ko "ƙasa" waɗanda ke riƙe da haƙƙin gudanarwa - Greenland, Ingila, Tsibirin Kirsimeti da Tsibirin Norfolk - kada ku ɗauki "tabbataccen labarin."
• abubuwanda aka samo daga jerin tsaunuka, koguna, hamada, da sauransu, wasu lokuta ana amfani dasu tare da wata kasida, koda na mufuradi ne, ( Lebanon, Sudan, Yukon ). Wannan amfani yayi kasa, Gambiya na nan bada shawarar inda ake amfani da dan Ajantina dan Ajantina tsohon yayi. Tun da Ukraine ta sami 'yanci, mafi yawan jagororin salon suna ba da shawara game da Ukraine . A cikin wasu yarukan, waɗanda suka yi amfani ko amfani da rubutun Cyrillic, suna da jagororin salon kamala da gabatarwa.

Gajerun kalmomi

Thoraya da aka hana (bayan Ælfric)

Tunda "the" yana ɗayan kalmomin da ake amfani dasu a cikin Ingilishi, a lokuta daban-daban an gajerun gajerun kalmomi a gareshi:

• koraya da aka hana : farkon yankewa, ana amfani da shi a rubuce-rubuce a cikin Tsohon Yaren Ingilishi . Haruffa þ ne tare da bugun kirji ta hanyar bugun kwance ta sama, kuma tana wakiltar kalmar þæt, ma'anar "the" ko "that" (mai ƙarancin suna . ).
• þͤ da þͭ ( þ tare da rubutun e ko t ) sun bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen Ingilishi na Tsakiya don "þe" da "þat" bi da bi.
• yͤ da yͭ an haɓaka daga þͤ da þͭ kuma sun bayyana a rubuce-rubucen Zamani na Farko kuma ana buga su (duba <i id="mwyQ">Ye</i> form ).

Mutane na ba da shawarwari lokaci-lokaci don taƙaitawa. A cikin 1916, Legros & Grant sun haɗa a cikin littafinsu na gargajiya na ɗab'un bugun ɗabi'un buga takardu, gabatarwa don wasiƙa mai kama da Ħ don wakiltar "Th", don haka a taƙaice "da" zuwa ħe.

A Ingilishi na Tsakiya, ana ( e )e gajarta ta þ tare da ƙaramin e sama da ita, kwatankwacin taƙaitaccen ga wancan, wanda yake þ tare da ƙaramin t sama da shi. A lokacin karshen Ingilishi na Tsakiya da Ingilishi na Zamani na ƙarshe, harafin ƙaya (þ) a rubutunsa na yau da kullun, ko sigar alamomin rubutu, ya zo kama da y siffar. A sakamakon haka, amfani da y tare da e sama da shi (</img> ) kamar yadda raguwa ta zama gama gari. Ana iya ganin wannan a sake bugawa na 1611 na King James Version na Baibul a wurare irin su Romawa 15:29, ko a cikin Mayflower Compact . A tarihi, ba a taɓa faɗin labarin da sauti y, koda kuwa an rubuta shi haka.