Kashewa

Kashewa
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	high forest systems (en) da logging (en)
Class of object(s) of occurrence (en)	daji

An cire aluminum tare da ramuka masu yawa; Ramin T yana ba da damar haɗa sanduna tare da haɗin na musamman.

Extrusion tsari ne da ake amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar abubuwa na fasalin sashi na sashi ta hanyar tura kayan ta hanyar mutuwa sashi na fasalin da ake so. Babban fa'idodi guda biyu a kan sauran matakai na matsawa'antu shine ikonsa na ƙirƙirar sassan sassan da suka rikitarwa; da kuma yin aiki da kayan da ba su da kyau, saboda kayan suna fuskantar damuwa da damuwa kawai. Har ila yau, yana haifar da kyakkyawan farfajiyar farfajiya kuma yana ba da 'yanci mai yawa a cikin tsarin ƙira.

Jikin yumɓu ana fitar da shi daga wani pug mai laushi

Zane irin wannan tsari ne, ta amfani da ƙarfin ƙarfin kayan don ja shi ta hanyar mutuwa. Yana iyakance adadin canjin da za a iya yi a mataki ɗaya, don haka an iyakance shi ga siffofi masu sauƙi, kuma ana buƙatar matakai da yawa. Zane shine babbar hanyar samar da waya. Ana kuma zana sandunan ƙarfe da bututu sau da yawa.

Extrusion na iya ci gaba (a zahiri samar da kayan aiki mai tsawo) ko rabin ci gaba (samar da sassa da yawa). Ana iya yin shi da kayan zafi ko sanyi. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da karafa, polymers, yumbu, kankare, yumbu mai ƙira, da kayan abinci. Ana kiran kayayyakin extrusion gabaɗaya extrudates.

Jirgin HDPE yayin extrusion. Abubuwan HDPE suna fitowa daga mai dumama, a cikin mutuwa, sannan a cikin tankin sanyaya. Wannan bututun Acu-Power an haɗa shi - baƙar fata a ciki tare da jaket mai laushi, don tsara igiyoyin wutar lantarki.

Har ila yau ana kiranta "rami flanging", ba za a iya samar da ramuka a cikin kayan da aka fitar da su ba ta amfani da matattarar matattarar mai sauƙi, saboda babu wata hanyar da za a tallafa wa tsakiya na tsakiya na matattarar. Maimakon haka, mutuwar tana ɗaukar siffar toshe tare da zurfi, farawa da farko tare da fasalin fasalin da ke tallafawa ɓangaren tsakiya. Siffar mutuwa sa'an nan a ciki tana canzawa tare da tsawonta zuwa siffar ƙarshe, tare da ɓangarorin tsakiya da aka dakatar da su daga bayan mutuwa. Abubuwan suna gudana a kusa da tallafi da kuma haɗuwa don ƙirƙirar siffar rufewa da ake so.

Ƙarfafa ƙarfe na iya ƙara ƙarfin su.

Tarihi

A cikin shekara ta 1797, Joseph Bramah ya ba da izini ga tsarin extrusion na farko don yin bututu daga ƙarfe mai laushi. Ya haɗa da ƙaddamar da ƙarfe sannan ya tilasta shi ta hanyar mutuwa ta hanyar plunger mai sarrafa hannu. A cikin 1820 Thomas Burr ya aiwatar da wannan tsari don bututun gubar, tare da matattarar ruwa (wanda Joseph Bramah ya kirkira). A wannan lokacin ana kiran wannan tsari "squirting". A shekara ta 1894, Alexander Dick ya fadada tsarin extrusion zuwa jan ƙarfe da tagulla.

Nau'o'in extrusions

Cutar ƙarfe ta hanyar mutuwa

Shirin yana farawa ta hanyar dumama kayan kayan (don zafi ko zafi mai zafi). Daga nan sai a ɗora shi cikin akwati a cikin manema labarai. Ana sanya wani abu a bayansa inda rago ya matsa kan kayan don tura shi daga cikin mutuwa. Bayan haka, ana shimfiɗa extrusion don daidaita shi. Idan ana buƙatar kyawawan kaddarorin to ana iya magance shi da zafi ko aiki da sanyi.

An bayyana rabo na extrusion a matsayin yanki na farko na ɓangaren da aka raba ta hanyar ɓangaren ɓangaren ƙarshe na extrusion. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodi na tsarin extrusion shine cewa wannan rabo na iya zama babba sosai yayin da yake samar da sassan inganci.

Fitar da zafi

Hot extrusion tsari ne na aiki mai ƙarfi, wanda ke nufin an yi shi sama da zafin jiki na sake fasalin kayan don kiyaye kayan daga aiki da kuma sauƙaƙa tura kayan ta hanyar mutuwa. Yawancin extrusions masu zafi ana yin su ne a kan matattarar ruwa a kwance wanda ke tsakanin 230 zuwa 11,000 metric ton (250 zuwa 12,130 gajeren ton). Matsi ya kasance daga 30 zuwa 700 MPa (4,400 zuwa 101,500 , saboda haka ana buƙatar mai, wanda zai iya zama mai ko graphite don ƙarancin zafin jiki, ko gilashin foda don ƙaranfin zafin jiki. Babban rashin amfani da wannan tsari shine farashin kayan aiki da kiyaye shi.

Hot extrusion zafin jiki ga karafa daban-daban

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su	Yanayin zafi [°C (°F) ]
Magnesium	350–450 (650–850)
Aluminium	350–500 (650–900)
Jan ƙarfe	600–1,100 (1,200–2,000)
Karfe	1,200–1,300 (2,200–2,400)
Titanium	700–1,200 (1,300–2,100)
Nickel	1,000–1,200 (1,900–2,200)
Ƙungiyoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta	har zuwa 2,000 (4,000)

Tsarin extrusion yana da tattalin arziki yayin samarwa tsakanin kilo da yawa (pounds) da tan da yawa, dangane da kayan da ake extruded. Akwai wani wuri mai tsinkaye inda juyawa ya zama mafi tattalin arziki. Misali, wasu karafa sun zama mafi arha don mirgina idan suna samar da fiye da 20,000 kg (50,000 lb).   

• Aluminium hot extrusion die
• 
  Front side of a four family die. The die is 228 millimetres (9.0 in) in diameter.
• 
  Close up of the shape cut into the die. The walls are drafted and the back wall thickness varies.
• 
  Back side of die. The wall thickness of the extrusion is 3 millimetres (0.12 in).

Rashin sanyi

Ana yin sanyi a zafin jiki ko kusa da zafin jiki. Fa'idodin wannan akan extrusion mai zafi shine rashin oxidation, ƙarfin da ya fi girma saboda aikin sanyi, haƙuri mafi kyau, mafi kyawun farfajiyar farfajiya, da saurin extrusion mai sauri idan kayan suna ƙarƙashin gajeren zafi.

Kayan da aka fi amfani da su a cikin sanyi sun haɗa da: gubar, tin, Aluminium, jan karfe, zirconium, titanium, molybdenum, beryllium, vanadium, niobium, da ƙarfe.

Misalan samfuran da aka samar ta wannan tsari sune: bututun da za a iya rushewa, shari'o'in kashe wuta, cylinders masu shawo kan girgizar ƙasa da kuma kayan aiki.

Fitar da zafi

A watan Maris na shekara ta 1956, an gabatar da takardar shaidar Amurka don "tsarin zafin jiki na ƙarfe". Patent US3156043 A ya bayyana cewa ana iya samun wasu muhimman fa'idodi tare da dumi extrusion na ƙarfe da ƙarfe da kuma gami idan an canza tikitin da za a extruded a cikin dukiyarsa ta jiki don mayar da martani ga ƙarfin jiki ta hanyar dumama zuwa zafin jiki a ƙasa da mahimmin narkewa. Ana yin zafi mai zafi sama da zafin jiki na ɗaki, amma a ƙasa da zafin sake fasalin kayan yanayin zafi ya kasance daga 800 zuwa 1,800 ° F (424 zuwa 975 ° C). Yawancin lokaci ana amfani dashi don cimma daidaitattun daidaitattun karfi da ake buƙata, ductility da kaddarorin extrusion na ƙarshe.