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Matasa sun kashe kansu

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Matasa sun kashe kansu
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Ƙaramin ɓangare na Kisan kai da adolescent health (en) Fassara

<Rubutu mai gwaɓitemplatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles>Kashe kansa na matasa shine lokacin da saurayi, yawanci ana rarraba shi a matsayin wanda ke ƙasa da shekarun doka na mafi girma, da gangan ya kashe rayuwarsa. Yawan kashe kansa na matasa da yunkurin kashe kansa na matasan a cikin Al'ummomin Yamma da sauran ƙasashen duniya suna da yawa. Yunkurin kashe kansa na matasa ya fi yawa a tsakanin 'yan mata, amma matasa maza ne wadanda yawanci ke kashe kansu.[1] Yawan kashe kansa a cikin matasa sun kusan ninka sau uku tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1980. Misali, a Ostiraliya kashe kansa shine na biyu kawai ga Hadarin mota a matsayin babban dalilin mutuwar ga mutanen da ke da shekaru 15 zuwa 25.[2]

A cikin Amurka, a cewar Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa, yawan kashe kansa shine karo na biyu da ke haifar da mutuwa ga matasa tsakanin shekaru 10 zuwa 14, kuma na uku da ke haifar leken mutuwa ga wadanda ke tsakanin 15 zuwa 19. [3] A cikin 2021, Kwalejin Kwalejin Yara ta Amurka, Kwalejin ChiId da Kula da Lafiya ta Matasa ta Amurka, da Kungiyar Asibitin Yara sun fitar da wata sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa da ke sanar da matsalar lafiyar kwakwalwa tsakanin matasanmu.[4] Ziyarar dakin gaggawa don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa sun karu sosai, musamman bayan annobar COVID-19.[5]

Ilimin lafiyar kwakwalwa a makarantu yana ba da ɗalibai ilimi da ƙwarewa don gane alamun damuwa da neman taimako. Shirye-shiryen tallafin al'umma suna ba da sarari mai aminci ga matasa don bayyana motsin zuciyarsu da karɓar tallafin tsara da ƙwararru. Ƙara damar samun albarkatun kiwon lafiya na kwakwalwa, gami da hotlines da sabis na ba da shawara, yana tabbatar da shiga tsakani da tallafi ga matasa masu haɗari. Wadannan shirye-shiryen suna da niyyar magance mahimman abubuwan da ke taimakawa wajen kashe kansa na matasa da inganta lafiyar hankali tsakanin matasa.

Cutar kashe kansa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Dangane da binciken da Hukumar Kula da Yara da Matasa da Child Guardian suka gudanar a cikin 2007, kashi 39% na dukkan matasa da suka mutu ta hanyar kashe kansu sun rasa wani tasiri / muhimmancin su don kashe kansu. Hukumar ta bayyana wannan yaduwar kashe kansa kuma ta ba da shawarwari da yawa game da muhimmancin kare matasa da al'ummomi daga yaduwar kisan kai. An kira shi "ƙwayoyin cuta na kashe kansa," wannan abin da ya faru yana nuna tasirin kashe kansa a cikin al'ummomi da tasirinsa ga mutane masu rauni.

A cikin 2011 Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Tarayyar Australiya na Lafiya da Binciken Matasa game da Kisan kai na Matasa sun haɗu a cikin wani taron tebur tare da matasa wakilan daga kungiyoyi uku a kan gaba na hana kashe kansa na matasa. Wadannan kungiyoyi sun hada da Sunnykids, [6] Inspire, da Boys Town . Kwamitin Tsayawa tun daga lokacin ya fitar da takarda na tattaunawa wanda ke nuna binciken binciken su kuma zai nemi yin shawarwari na ƙarshe a kan hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don rage kashe kansa na matasa.

Shirye-shiryen hana yaduwar kashe kansa sun haɗa da hanyoyi da yawa, daga jagororin kafofin watsa labarai zuwa tsoma baki na al'umma da tallafi ga mutanen da suka mutu. Kwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa suna jaddada muhimmancin bayar da rahoto ga kafofin watsa labarai masu alhakin rage damuwa da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Harkokin shiga tsakani na al'umma, kamar kungiyoyin tallafin tsara da shirye-shiryen ilimin lafiyar kwakwalwa, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta juriya da haɗin kai tsakanin al'ummomin da ke fama da rauni. Masu tsara manufofi suna aiki tare da masana don haɓaka cikakkun dabarun da ke da niyyar rage yaduwar halayyar kashe kansa da tallafawa waɗanda asarar ta shafa.[7]

Stack of inspirational handmade posters.
Hoton yana ba da ƙarfafawa na gani game da muhimmancin kare matasa da al'ummomi daga kamuwa da kashe kansa. Yana isar da saƙo na bege da tallafi, wanda ya dace da taken juriya da rigakafi da aka nuna a cikin labarin.

Matasa da ke cikin haɗari

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Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da matasa ke fuskanta a cikin haɗarin kashe kansu shine samun shawara ta likita lokacin da ake buƙata.[8] Wani bincike a farkon 2020 ya nuna cewa idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin matasa, matasa musamman sun yarda cewa karuwar cin zarafin yanar gizo da fidda rai sune mahimman abubuwan da ke rinjayar kashe kansa tsakanin matasa.[9]

Samun damar ba da shawara ga masu ilimin halayyar dan adam ya kasance muhimmiyar matsala ga matasa da ke cikin haɗarin kashe kansu. Bincike daga farkon 2020 ya jaddada muhimmancin cin zarafin yanar gizo da tasirinsa akan lafiyar kwakwalwa ta matasa. Matasa matasa, musamman, sun yarda da alaƙar da ke tsakanin karuwar cin zarafin yanar gizo da jin tsoro, waɗanda aka gane su a matsayin masu ba da gudummawa ga tunanin kashe kansa tsakanin matasa. Don magance waɗannan abubuwan haɗari yadda ya kamata, an aiwatar da tsoma baki da dabarun da suka danganci shaida. Shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa na makaranta suna ba da ilimi da tallafi ga ɗalibai, suna haɓaka juriya da ƙwarewar jimrewa don magance ƙalubalen kamar cin zarafin yanar gizo. Ƙungiyoyin tallafi suna ba da sarari mai aminci ga matasa don raba abubuwan da suka faru da kuma karɓar tallafin tsara, rage jin keɓewa da inganta jin daɗin motsin rai.

Wani binciken ya ce, "A cikin matasa, ana ɗaukar baƙin ciki a matsayin babban - idan ba jagora ba - dalilin kashe kansa na matasa. " [10] Abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga kashe kansa na matasan shine matsin ilimi, shan barasa, asarar dangantaka mai daraja, sauyawa akai-akai na zama, da kuma tsarin iyali mara kyau. Rashin jin daɗi na iya ƙara rashin bege da fidda rai, yana ƙara ra'ayin kashe kansa tsakanin matasa. Bugu da ƙari, abubuwa masu haɗari daban-daban kamar matsin ilimi, shan barasa, asarar muhimman dangantaka, sauye-sauye a cikin zama, da kuma rikice-rikice na iyali suna haifar da rauni ga matasa ga halayyar kashe kansa. Wadannan fahimta suna jaddada yanayin da ke tattare da kashe kansa na matasa da kuma muhimmancin dabarun rigakafi masu zurfi waɗanda ke magance matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa da matsalolin muhalli.Yana da mahimmanci ga iyaye, malamai, da masu kulawa su gane alamun gargadi na baƙin ciki da halayyar kashe kansa a cikin matasa, kamar janyewa, canje-canje a cikin halayyar, da kuma bayyanar rashin bege. Samar da yanayi mai tallafawa da wanda ba na hukunci ba inda matasa ke jin lafiya don bayyana motsin zuciyarsu da neman taimako na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hana kashe kansa tsakanin matasa.

Bayar da fahimta kamar, dalilin da ya sa wannan ke faruwa, dalilin da yasa yara da matasa ke jin matsin lamba a irin wannan ƙuruciya, da kuma yadda ake yin abubuwan waje kamar iyali, abubuwa da yanayin da ke tattare da su suna shafar wannan batun. A cikin wani binciken da aka yi na dubban iyalai ya nuna cewa yara daga iyaye da suka sake aure ko iyaye marasa aure sun ninka sau 3.2 don fuskantar damuwa ko baƙin ciki. Wani ya gano cewa 'yan mata da iyayensu suka sake aure sun kasance kashi 50% na iya ƙoƙarin kashe kansu kamar yadda aka nuna wa' yan mata da suka girma tare da iyaye waɗanda suka kasance da aure.  

Tsanani shine babban dalilin kashe kansa na matasa, tare da cin zarafi. Matasa masu luwadi ko wadanda ba su da tabbacin ainihin jima'i sun fi mutuwa ta hanyar kashe kansu, musamman idan sun sha wahala ko cin zarafi, kamar yadda aka tattauna a gaba. An fara kamfen ɗin da ke biyowa da fatan ba matasa bege da kuma kawar da jin keɓewa. Takamaiman binciken sun binciki alaƙar da ke tsakanin tayar da hankali da kashe kansa tsakanin matasa na LGBTQ +, suna nuna tasirin zalunci da tayar da kayar baya a kan lafiyar kwakwalwa da jin daɗi. don ba matasa bege da kawar da su

Binciken kamfen ɗin da ke akwai da nufin rage kashe kansa na matasa ya nuna matakai daban-daban na tasiri wajen inganta bege da yaki da warewa tsakanin matasa. Shirye-shiryen kamar su "Yana da kyau," "An haife shi a wannan hanyar," "Ina samun zalunci kuma," da kuma "Stop Youth Suicide" suna da niyyar samar da tallafi da ƙarfafawa ga matasa masu rauni. Duk da yake waɗannan kamfen ɗin suna da manufofi masu kyau na inganta haɗin kai da juriya, hanyoyin su da sakamakon sun bambanta.

Ba wai kawai yawan kashe-kashen ne a cikin al'ummar LGBTQ + ga matasa ba, amma kuma suna ƙaruwa ga tsofaffi. Yawancin mutane ba sa tunanin yawan kashe-kashen ga tsofaffi duk da haka, suna da mahimmanci. Majalisar Tsufa ta Kasa ta ba da labarin cewa mutanen da ke da shekaru 45-64 suna da mafi girman adadin kashe-kashen kansu kuma dattawa masu shekaru 85 da sama da haka suna da na biyu. Wannan na iya taimakawa ga gaskiyar cewa dattawa sun kashe kansu ba tare da rahoto ba. Haɗakar da shirye-shiryen LGBTQ+ Adult tare da sauran shirye-shirye masu dacewa da al'adu na iya rage warewa da ƙimar baƙin ciki sosai.

  • Yana da kyau[11]
  • An haife shi a wannan hanyar [12]
  • Ina kuma da zalunci [13]
  • Dakatar da Kashe Matasa [14]

An gano rashin kula da motsin rai don rarrabe matasa masu yunkurin kashe kansu daga ƙungiyar kula da matasa da ke da mummunar cuta (Slap, Vorters, Chaudhuri, & Centor, 1988). Koyaya, motsin rai ba ya nuna duk masu ƙoƙarin kashe kansu, tunda kwatancin rukuni bai sami bambanci tsakanin marasa lafiya masu kashe kansu da kulawar ƙwaƙwalwa a kan ma'auni na motsin rai (Patsiokas, Clum, & Luscomb, 1979). Maimakon haka, saurin motsa jiki na iya zama mahimmanci wajen gano ƙananan ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari.

Matasa masu tsananin jima'i da kashe kansu

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Matasa da suka fada ƙarƙashin rukunin 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i suna cikin haɗarin baƙin ciki da kuma cin zarafin kansu. Bincike ya nuna cewa matasa 'yan tsiraru na jima'i suna cikin haɗarin fuskantar matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu na jima'ie. Daga cikin yawan matasa masu tsiraru, a matsakaita, kashi 28% sun bayyana cewa suna da abubuwan da suka gabata tare da ayyukan kashe kansa da / ko tunani. Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda "mahimmanci, ƙarancin zama, da kuma samun ikon aiwatar da mummunan rauni na kai. " [15] [16] Matasan Lesbian da gay sune ƙungiyar da za su iya fuskantar abubuwan da ba su dace ba, wanda ke haifar da yiwuwar ci gaban tunanin kashe kansa bisa ga ƙwararrun masu kula da hankali. Bugu da ƙari, matasa masu jima'i biyu suna fuskantar yiwuwar kashe kansu, tare da rahotanni da ke nuna cewa suna da sau biyar mafi kusantar bayar da rahoton tunanin kashe kansu da ayyuka.[17] [16]Bisexuality kuma yana ɗauke da yiwuwar kashe kansa tare da bisexuals kasancewa sau biyar mafi yiwuwar bayar da rahoton tunanin kashe kansa da ayyuka.[16] Matasa masu tsiraru na jima'i sun kuma bayar da rahoton mafi girman abin da ya faru na amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi idan aka kwatanta da masu jima'i.[16] Gabaɗaya, binciken ya nuna cewa matasa 'yan tsiraru na jima'i suna ɗauke da mafi girman abin da ya faru na kashe kansa da baƙin ciki, kuma cewa sauye-sauyen da aka mayar da hankali kan rage ƙyamar' yan tsiraru suna rage wannan bambancin.[18] A ƙarshe, matasa 'yan tsiraru na jima'i suna fuskantar ƙarancin baƙin ciki, raunin kai, da kashe kansa saboda haɗuwa da nuna bambanci na al'umma, ƙin iyali, da rashin tallafi. Maganin wadannan bambance-bambance na lafiyar kwakwalwa yana buƙatar cikakken ƙoƙari don rage damuwa ga 'yan tsiraru, inganta tallafin zamantakewa, da samar da tabbatar da ayyukan kiwon lafiyar kwakwalwa. Ta hanyar magance kalubalen na musamman da matasa 'yan tsiraru na jima'i ke fuskanta, za mu iya aiki don ƙirƙirar yanayin da ya fi dacewa da tallafawa wanda ke inganta kyakkyawan sakamako na lafiyar kwakwalwa ga dukkan mutane, ba tare da la'akari da yanayin jima'i ko asalin jinsi ba.[19]

Bayyanawa da suka gabata, yunkurin, da kuma shekarun da suka shafi kashe kansa na matasa

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Bayyanawa ga kashe kansa, yunkurin kashe kansa na baya, da shekaru wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi tasiri ga matasa da kuma yiwuwar su mutu ta hanyar kashe kansu. Haɗuwa da matasa ga kashe kansa ta hanyar abokan aji ya sa masu bincike su yi la'akari da kashe kansa a matsayin kamuwa. Sun lura da yadda bayyanar yaro ga kashe kansa yana hango Tunanin kashe kansa da ƙoƙari.[20] An kuma gano cewa bayyanar da ta gabata ga kashe kansa ta hanyar yunkurin iyaye suna da karuwar kashi 3.5% a cikin yiwuwar matasa na samun tunanin kashe kansa, tare da karuwar damar su na ƙoƙarin kashe kansu.[21] Rikicin a cikin iyalai da canja wurinsa na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da yaduwar halaye na kashe kansa a cikin iyaje.[22]

Kokarin kashe kansa na baya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin matashi da ke ƙoƙarin sake kashe kansa. A matsakaici, an rubuta cewa lokacin bin diddigin masu yunkurin kashe kansu ya kasance shekaru 3.88.[23] Shaidu sun nuna cewa wadanda suka fi fuskantar hadarin kashe kansu sune wadanda a baya suka yi yunkurin kashe kansu, tare da bincike da ke nuna cewa za su iya samun ko'ina daga 40 zuwa sama da sau 100 damar mutuwa ta hanyar kashe kansu idan aka kwatanta da yawan jama'a.[24]

A matsakaici, an rubuta cewa lokacin bin diddigin masu yunkurin kashe kansu ya kasance shekaru 3.88. Shaida ta nuna cewa wadanda suka fi fuskantar hadarin kashe kansu sune wadanda a baya suka yi yunkurin kashe kansu, tare da bincike da ke nuna cewa za su iya samun ko'ina daga 40 zuwa sama da sau 100 damar mutuwa ta hanyar kashe kansu idan aka kwatanta da yawan jama'a.

Shekaru da gogewa suma suna haifar da kashe kansa. An gano cewa tsofaffi, masu ƙwarewa suna ɗaukar ƙarin lokaci don tsarawa, zaɓar hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa, kuma suna da niyyar kashe kansu. Wannan ya haifar da su a ƙarshe sun kashe kansu a mafi girma fiye da takwarorinsu matasa.[25]

Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Rigakafin Kisan Kai ta kalli karatu daban-daban kuma ta sami damar yin amfani da su bisa ga abin da ake yi da kuma yadda wasu hanyoyin suka ci nasara idan ya zo ga kashe kansa. Lokacin da mutane suka sami kulawa daga mutane kamar su (nurses, psychologists, ko ma'aikatan zamantakewa) yawan kashe kansa ya yi baƙin ciki sosai. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa sun sami albarkatu da jiyya daban-daban kamar su psychotherapy wanda ya taimaka musu da baƙin ciki. Wani takamaiman shirin da yake da alama yana da nasara sosai shine shirin IMPACT wanda shine taƙaitaccen don Inganta Mood- Inganta Samun Hadin Godiya ga Haɗin gwiwa. Wadanda ke cikin wannan rukuni sun sami ingancin rayuwa, ƙananan ƙarancin baƙin ciki, da kuma tunanin kashe kansa. Wasu mahimman fannoni na wannan shirin shine ci gaban haɗin gwiwar warkewa, shirin magani na musamman wanda ya haɗa da abubuwan da mai haƙuri ya fi so, da kuma bin diddigin gaba. Wani lokaci bin da kuma wucewa ta waɗannan jiyya na iya zama tsari mai tsawo ko ma mai tsada wanda shine dalilin da ya sa wannan binciken ya bayyana yadda nasarar ba da shawara ta tarho. Irin wannan shiga tsakani an tabbatar da shi a cikin kididdigar cewa ya ci nasara.

Rashin rashi tsakanin matasa

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Babban burin bayan kashe kansa ya haɗa da taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsira daga kashe kansa tare da tsarin baƙin ciki, tare da ganowa da kuma tura waɗanda suka tsira waɗanda zasu iya kasancewa cikin haɗari ga sakamako mara kyau kamar damuwa da damuwa, da kuma halin kashe kansa. Masana a cikin lafiyar kwakwalwa suna jaddada muhimmancin postvention a matsayin wani muhimmin bangare na rigakafin kashe kansa. Dokta Jane Smith, babban masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam wanda ke da ƙwarewa a cikin ba da shawara game da baƙin ciki, ya bayyana cewa, "Tsarin ba kawai game da taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsira warke ba; Har ila yau, hanyar da za a iya tallafawa da saka idanu kan waɗanda ke fama da kashe kansa, za mu iya gano alamun damuwa na farko da shiga tsakani kafin wani rikici ya faru. " Wannan hanyar jaddada manufar biyu na bayan maganin - rage baƙin ciki nan da kuma hana abubuwan da suka faru a nan gaba ta hanyar bayar da tallafi da albarkatu. Tare da kashi 42% na matasa da suka kashe kansu suna da alaƙa da mutuwar kansu (ko kamuwa da cuta) - dole ne a ci gaba da bincike da saka hannun jari don tallafawa wannan rukuni na mutane. Wasu 'yan shawarwari don tabbatar da goyon baya yana da tasiri sun haɗa da sa mutane su ji daɗi da fahimta.[26]

Yaduwar cututtuka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Lafiyar kwakwalwa tana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da kashe kansa da halayyar kashe kansa. Mutane da yawa da suka fuskanci rauni da cin zarafi, suna haifar da gwagwarmaya da lafiyar kwakwalwa.

Cibiyar Lafiya ta Kasa tana nuna nau'ikan cututtukan kwakwalwa da suka fi dacewa. Wasu daga cikin rikice-rikicen tsoro, tsoro, rikice-rikice na damuwa, OCD, PTSD, GAD, da baƙin ciki, duk da haka, wannan ba yana nufin cewa babu wasu rikice-gyare daban-daban da cututtukan kwakwalwa a can ba.

Abubuwa biyu da za su iya haifar da yunkurin kashe kansa sune cin zarafin jima'i na rayuwa da cin zarafin manya.[27] Daga cikin mahalarta masu shekaru 18-25, ƙimar rashin daidaituwa don cin zarafin jima'i na rayuwa da cin zarafin manya sune 4.27 da 3.85, [27] bi da bi. A wasu kalmomi, waɗanda suka mutu ta hanyar kashe kansu suna da 327% mafi kusantar fuskantar cin zarafin jima'i na rayuwa. Hakazalika, wanda aka kashe kansa yana da yiwuwar kashi 285% ya sha wahala a matsayin babba. Dangane da binciken da aka yi a kan daliban makarantar sakandare na Amurka, kashi 16% sun ba da rahoton yin la'akari da kashe kansa kuma kashi 8% sun ba da labarin ƙoƙarin kashe kansa a cikin watanni 12 kafin su ɗauki binciken.[28] Tsakanin 1980 da 1994, yawan kashe-kashen matasa baƙar fata ya ninka sau biyu. Indiyawa na Amurka da 'Yan asalin Alaska sun mutu ta hanyar kashe kansu a mafi girma fiye da kowane kabilanci a Amurka. A Indiya, kashi ɗaya bisa uku na masu kashe kansu matasa ne 15-29. A shekara ta 2002, an yi rikodin kashe-kashen mutum 154,000 a Indiya. A Amurka, kusan kashi 60 cikin 100 na kashe-kashen kai ana yin su da bindiga. A cikin jihohin da ke da tsauraran dokokin bindiga, yawan kashe-kashen bindiga ya ragu a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. Bincike ya nuna cewa ko dai muna da dokokin bindiga iri ɗaya kamar California ko New York, kusan mutane 72,000 za su mutu ta hanyar kashe kansa. A cikin waɗannan jihohin da ke da waɗannan dokoki masu ƙarfi yawan kashe-kashen bindiga tsakanin shekaru 10-24 ya kasance ƙasa a cikin 2022 fiye da na 1999. Wasu matasa na Aboriginal da matasa masu luwadi ko 'yan mata suna cikin haɗari mai yawa, dangane da al'ummarsu da mutuncin kansu. An fara kamfen da yawa don ba su bege da kuma taimaka musu su ji ba su da nisa.

Binciken Halin Hadarin Matasa na 2019, wanda CDC ta gudanar, ya gano cewa tsakanin 2009 da 2018, yawan kashe kansa tsakanin matasa masu shekaru 14-18 ya karu da kashi 61.7%.[29] Bugu da ƙari, CDC ta ba da rahoton cewa a cikin 2019, tsakanin matasa na Amurka a cikin maki 9 zuwa 12: [29]

  • Kashi 18.8 cikin 100 na dalibai sun bayar da rahoton yin la'akari da yunkurin kashe kansa.
  • 15.7% na dalibai sun yi shirin kashe kansu
  • Kashi 8.9% na dalibai sun yi ƙoƙari su kashe kansu

Shiga tsakani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wata kungiya a Ostiraliya ta gano cewa matasa da ke jin alaƙa, tallafawa, da fahimta ba za su iya mutuwa ta hanyar kashe kansu ba. Mun fahimci cewa matasa da yawa da ke fama da tunanin kashe kansu da halayen sau da yawa suna jin kadaici ko kuma kamar babu wanda ya fahimci yadda suke ji, don haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a sa su ji daɗi da al'ummarsu. Cibiyar Bayanai ta Biotech ta Kasa ta bayyana cewa "An gudanar da bincike mai yawa don bincika tasirin haɗin makaranta"ba da sakamakon da ke nuna yawan abokan hulɗa, ƙananan haɗarin shine tunanin kashe kansa da halayen. "Matasa na LGBTQ waɗanda suka ba da rahoton cewa suna da aƙalla mutum ɗaya mai karɓar babba sun kasance kashi 40% da ba su iya ba da rahoton yunkurin kashe kansu a cikin shekarar da ta gabata ba, Fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na matasan LGBTQ waɗanda ba su da akalla mutum ɗaya da ke tallafawa ko karɓar babada a rayuwarsu (sama da 17%) sun ba da rahoton ƙoƙarin kashe kansu a shekarar da ta baya. ” [30]

An saki rahotanni game da halayen matasa da aka gano a matsayin masu haɗarin kashe kansu. Irin waɗannan rahotanni suna tallafawa ra'ayin cewa haɗin kai, ma'anar samun goyon baya da girmamawa, yana da kariya ga matasa da ke cikin haɗarin kashe kansu. A cewar Cibiyar Rigakafin Kisan Kai ta Pueblo (PSPC) saboda wasu dalilai yara a yau suna fuskantar matsin lamba.  [ana buƙatar hujja]Akwai dabaru da yawa da mutum zai iya yi don samun ƙarin tallafi da haɗin kai tare da wasu, kamar shiga kulob ko ƙungiyar tallafi da kuma shiga cikin al'umma. Cika karin lokaci tare da wasu da ƙirƙirar al'umma mai kusanci da amintacce na iya zama mai tallafawa sosai kamar wuri mai aminci. Kasancewa cikin sabbin ayyuka ko shiga cikin abubuwan sha'awa daban-daban na iya zama babbar hanyar da za a kara danganta da jin daɗi da goyon bayan wasu.

A tent with a sign that says be the voice, stop suicide, and out of the darkness.
Abubuwan da suka hada mutane tare don dalilin na iya zama da tasiri sosai ga wayar da kan jama'a da haɗin kai.

Don taimakon gaggawa, tuntubi SAMHSA's National Suicide Prevention Lifeline a 1-800-273-TALK (8255). [31]

Batutuwan ga al'ummomi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Batutuwan shiga tsakani ga al'ummomi don magance su sun haɗa da yaduwar kashe kansa, fahimtar ci gaba game da kashe kansa, ci gaba da haɗarin kashe kansa, da tasirin al'ada. Aiwatar da jagororin bayar da rahoto na kafofin watsa labarai don rage yawan kashe kansa, horar da masu tsaron ƙofar (kamar malamai, masu ba da kiwon lafiya, da shugabannin al'umma) don ganewa da amsawa ga alamun gargadi, da inganta hanyoyin magance su da halaye na neman taimako.

Batutuwan lafiyar kwakwalwa da tasirin sa na iya zama masu yaduwa sosai tsakanin wasu, kuma Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Kasa suna kiranta "cutar cututtukan cututtuka". Wannan ya fito ne daga wanda muke kusa da shi da yawa, kuma yana hulɗa da shi kuma wannan na iya shafar mutane sosai kuma yana iya haifar da ainihin jin daɗin rashin lafiya.[32]

Muhimman batutuwa a cikin martani na bayan ga matasa sun haɗa da: mahallin al'umma, muhimmancin matakin rayuwa na martani, ganewa, da turawa (Coordination Postvention), haɓaka jerin ayyuka, da ƙirƙirar zaɓuɓɓuka masu gudana. Ta hanyar magance waɗannan mahimman batutuwa a cikin martani na bayan ga matasa, al'ummomi na iya ba da ingantaccen tallafi da inganta warkarwa bayan asarar kashe kansa. Haɗin gwiwa, ƙwarewar al'adu, da kuma mai da hankali kan bukatun musamman na matasa suna da mahimmanci don haɓaka cikakkun dabarun da suka dace.

Rigakafi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hanyoyin sadarwa na rikici, irin su 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, suna bawa mutane damar samun shawarwarin tarho na gaggawa nan take.

Mutum na iya taimakawa hana kashe kansa na matasa ta hanyar hana warewa, magance baƙin ciki na yaro wanda ke da alaƙa da kashe kansa, kawar da duk wani abu da yaro zai iya amfani da shi don ƙoƙarin kashe kansa, da kuma mai da hankali ga abin da yaron ke yi ko ji.[33] Makarantu na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa ta hanyar ƙarfafa matasa su shiga cikin ayyukan zamantakewa da haɓaka jin daɗin kasancewa, taimakawa wajen hana ko rage jin keɓewa.

Haɗakar da ilimin rigakafin kashe kansa a cikin tsarin karatun makaranta na iya ƙara wayar da kan jama'a, rage wulakanci, da kuma samar da ɗalibai da ilimi da ƙwarewa don gane alamun gargadi a cikin kansu da takwarorinsu. Tattaunawar da ta dace da shekaru game da lafiyar kwakwalwa, dabarun jimrewa, da halayen neman taimako za a iya haɗa su cikin batutuwa daban-daban ko kuma a isar da su ta hanyar shirye-shirye na musamman.[34]

Lokacin da dalibai suka yi tunanin cewa ba su da aminci ko kuma ba a yarda da su ba sau da yawa saboda zalunci daga wasu dalibai, ba lallai ba ne makarantar kanta (ko da yake nau'ikan mahalli da makarantu suka inganta na iya ba da gudummawa).  [ana buƙatar hujja][ana buƙatar ambaton] Aiwatar da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri game da zalunci da / ko cin zarafi zai amfane ɗalibai sosai saboda waɗanda abin ya shafa suna iya la'akari da kashe kansu saboda rashin goyon baya daga makarantu da manya.[35]

Hand holding up green beads
Green beads yana wakiltar gwagwarmayar mutum ko ƙoƙari [36]

Cibiyar Kula da Kariya ta Kisan Kai tana ba da bayanai da albarkatu na ƙwararru game da rigakafin kashe kansa.

Kayan rigakafi ga iyaye, masu kula, ma'aikatan zamantakewa, malamai, ma'aikata na makaranta, takwarorinsu:

National Suicide Prevention Lifeline for Youth yana ba da albarkatu da bayanai ga matasa da matasa kamar:

  • Shirin Trevor[37]
  • Kai Mai Muhimmanci [38]
  • StopBullying.gov [39]
  • Ƙauna ce Girmamawa [40]
  • Ka zubar da Alamar

Tebur na yawan kashe kansa na matasa (a kowace 100,000)

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kasar Shekarar Bayanai Yawan Maza Yawan Mata Jimillar
Sri Lanka 1986 43.9 49.3 46.5
Lithuania 2002 38.4 8.8 23.9
Tarayyar Rasha 2002 38.5 8.3 23.6
Kazakhstan 2002 31.2 10.5 21.0
Luxembourg 2002 23.5 8.2 16.0
New Zealand 2000 22.3 8.2 15.3
El Salvador 1993 13.2 15.8 14.5
Belarus 2001 23.6 3.9 14.0
Estonia 2002 24.1 1.9 13.2
Turkmenistan 1998 16.6 8.8 12.8
Ukraine 2000 19.6 4.9 12.4
Ireland 2000 19.8 4.3 12.3
Mauritius 2000 10.1 12.5 11.3
Norway 2001 15.3 6.2 10.9
Kanada 2000 16.3 5.2 10.8
Latvia 2002 16.9 4.4 10.8
Kyrgyzstan 2002 15.2 4.8 10.0
Ostiraliya 2002 15.1 3.8 9.6
Trinidad da Tobago 1994 8.9 10.5 9.6
Finland 2002 15.0 3.8 9.5
Uzbekistan 2000 12.5 6.4 9.5
Belgium 1997 14.5 3.9 9.3
Cuba 1996 6.1 12.5 9.2
Ecuador 1991 6.9 11.4 9.1
Ostiraliya 2001 13.8 3.8 8.9
Singapore 2001 9.2 7.8 8.5
Poland 2001 14.1 2.4 8.4
Switzerland 2000 12.6 4.0 8.4
Croatia 2002 14.0 2.1 8.2
US 2000 13.0 2.7 8.0
Slovenia 1987 12.0 3.1 7.6
Hungary 2002 11.2 3.8 7.5
Japan 2000 8.8 3.8 6.4
Uruguay 1990 8.3 3.9 6.2
Bulgaria 2002 9.2 2.3 5.8
Jamhuriyar Czech 2001 9.5 1.8 5.7
Argentina 1996 7.1 4.0 5.6
Costa Rica 1995 7.1 4.0 5.6
Jamus 2001 8.7 2.4 5.6
Thailand 1994 6.1 5.1 5.6
Colombia 1994 6.7 4.2 5.5
Venezuela 1994 7.1 3.8 5.5
Jamhuriyar Koriya 2001 5.9 4.9 5.4
Hong Kong 1999 5.1 5.3 5.2
Faransa 1999 7.5 2.5 5.0
Denmark 1999 9.0 0.7 4.9
Isra'ila 1999 8.7 0.0 4.9
Romania 2002 7.0 2.2 4.7
Netherlands 2000 7.4 1.8 4.6
Sweden 2001 5.7 2.8 4.3
Brazil* 1995 5.7 2.6 4.2
Puerto Rico 1992 8.3 0.0 4.2
Ƙasar Ingila 1999 6.5 1.8 4.2
Jamhuriyar Moldova 2002 7.1 1.1 4.1
China* 1999 3.2 4.8 4.0
Slovakia 2002 5.8 1.9 3.9
Chile 1994 6.2 1.3 3.8
Mexico 1995 5.1 2.3 3.7
Spain 2000 5.3 1.4 3.4
Panama 1987 4.6 1.6 3.1
Albania 2001 2.8 3.3 3.0
Jamhuriyar Dominica 1985 2.7 3.2 2.9
Italiya 2000 3.6 1.7 2.7
Makidoniya 2000 1.2 3.7 2.4
Tajikistan 1999 3.3 0.9 2.1
Portugal 2000 2.6 0.9 1.8
Girka 1999 2.7 0.6 1.7
Peru 1983 1.3 0.7 1.0

Bayanan da aka karɓa daga World Psychiatry, mujallar hukuma ta World Psychiatric Association . [41] Adadin sun kasance ga 100,000.

Dubi kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Kashe kansa tsakanin matasa LGBT
  • Mawuyacin hali a lokacin ƙuruciya da ƙuruciya
  • Jerin kashe-kashen da aka danganta da zalunci

manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "Youth Suicide Risk and Preventive Interventions: A Review of the Past 10 Years". Research Update Review.
  2. ↑ Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian
  3. ↑ "Suicide". National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-27.
  4. ↑ "AAP-AACAP-CHA Declaration of a National Emergency in Child and Adolescent Mental Health". www.aap.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-27.
  5. ↑ Radhakrishnan, Lakshmi (2022). "Pediatric Emergency Department Visits Associated with Mental Health Conditions Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, January 2019–January 2022". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (in Turanci). 71 (8): 319–324. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7108e2. ISSN 0149-2195. PMID 35202358 Check |pmid= value (help).
  6. ↑ SunnyKids 2010
  7. ↑ Melhem, Nadine; Moutier, Christine Yu; Brent, David A. (April 2023). "Implementing Evidence-Based Suicide Prevention Strategies for Greatest Impact". FOCUS. 21 (2): 117–128. doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20220078. ISSN 1541-4094. PMC 10172552 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 37201145 Check |pmid= value (help).
  8. ↑ [1][permanent dead link]The Globe and Mail, 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-10-13.
  9. ↑ Rengasamy, Manivel; Sylvester, Christie; Shulman, Joshua; Pizon, Anthony (2020). "Contemporary Characteristics and Lethality Correlates of Serious Suicide Attempts in Children and Adolescents". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 50 (3): 714–723. doi:10.1111/sltb.12615. PMID 32003058. S2CID 210983176. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
  10. ↑ [2]"Teen Suicide Causes and Issues," Retrieved 2012-04-26.
  11. ↑ Rick Mercer joins the It Gets Better campaign. CBC News, 2010-11-02. Retrieved 2011-10-13.
  12. ↑ Born This Way Paul V. creates a safe online haven for LGBT teens as a suicide prevention measure. Huffington Post, 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-10-13.
  13. ↑ [3] Kiwi Commons created the "I Get Bullied Too!" campaign to help amplify the voices of bullying and digital abuse victims, 2011-10-01. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
  14. ↑ "Stop Youth Suicide Campaign". www.stopyouthsuicide.com. Retrieved 2018-01-27.
  15. ↑ Chang, Cindy J.; Fehling, Kara Binder; Selby, Edward A. (2020). "Sexual Minority Status and Psychological Risk for Suicide Attempt: A Serial Multiple Mediation Model of Social Support and Emotion Regulation". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 11: 385. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00385. ISSN 1664-0640. PMC 7237718. PMID 32477181.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Marshal, Michael P.; Dietz, Laura J.; Friedman, Mark S.; Stall, Ron; Smith, Helen A.; McGinley, James; Thoma, Brian C.; Murray, Pamela J.; D'Augelli, Anthony R. (August 2011). "Suicidality and Depression Disparities Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youth: A Meta-Analytic Review". Journal of Adolescent Health (in Turanci). 49 (2): 115–123. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.02.005. PMC 3649127. PMID 21783042.
  17. ↑ https://www.thetrevorproject.org/research-briefs/suicidality-disparities-by-sexual-identity-persist-from-adolescence-into-young-adulthood. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  18. ↑ Kennedy, Andrew; Genç, Murat; Owen, P. Dorian (2021). "The Association Between Same-Sex Marriage Legalization and Youth Deaths by Suicide: A Multimethod Counterfactual Analysis". Journal of Adolescent Health (in English). 68 (6): 1176–1182. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.01.033. ISSN 1054-139X. PMID 33812751 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 233028334 Check |s2cid= value (help).CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  19. ↑ Henderson, Emmett R.; Goldbach, Jeremy T.; Blosnich, John R. (2022-09-01). "Social Determinants of Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health". Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry (in Turanci). 9 (3): 229–245. doi:10.1007/s40501-022-00269-z. ISSN 2196-3061.
  20. ↑ Swanson, Sonja; Colman, Ian (2013). "Association between exposure to suicide and suicidality outcomes in youth". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 185 (10): 870–877. doi:10.1503/cmaj.121377. PMC 3707992. PMID 23695600.
  21. ↑ Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas (2012). "Exposure to Parental Mortality and Markers of Morbidity, and the Risks of Attempted and Completed Suicide in Offspring: an Analysis of Sensitive Life Periods". Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 66 (3): 233–239. doi:10.1136/jech.2010.109595. PMID 20924054. S2CID 42868869.
  22. ↑ Hawton, K., Saunders, K. E., & O'Connor, R. C. (2012). Self-harm and suicide in adolescents. The Lancet, 379(9834), 2373–2382.
  23. ↑ Christiansen, Erik; Jensen, Borge (2007). "Risk Of Repetition Of Suicide Attempt, Suicide Or All Deaths After An Episode Of Attempted Suicide: A Register-Based Survival Analysis". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 41 (3): 257–265. doi:10.1080/00048670601172749. PMID 17464707. S2CID 42612070.
  24. ↑ Upadhyaya, Ajaya (1999). "Attempted Suicide in Older Depressed Patients: Effect of Cognitive Functioning". The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 7 (4): 317–20. PMID 10521164.
  25. ↑ Gysin-Maillart, Anja (2016). "A Novel Brief Therapy for Patients Who Attempt Suicide: A 24-Months Follow-Up Randomized Controlled Study of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP)". PLOS Medicine. 13 (3): e1001968. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001968. PMC 4773217. PMID 26930055.
  26. ↑ NAMI (2017-11-15). "{OG: Title}". NAMI (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-05-07.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Fraser, Sarah; Geofroy, Dominique; Chachamovich, Eduardo (3 April 2015). "Changing Rates of Suicide Ideation and Attempts Among Inuit Youth: A Gender-Based Analysis of Risk and Protective Factors". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 45 (2): 141–156. doi:10.1111/sltb.12122. PMID 25255825.
  28. ↑ "Suicide Among Youth | Gateway to Health Communication | CDC". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Ivey-Stephenson, Asha Z. (2020). "Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Among High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019". MMWR Supplements (in Turanci). 69: 47–55. doi:10.15585/mmwr.su6901a6. ISSN 2380-8950. PMC 7440198. PMID 32817610.
  30. ↑ (PDF) https://www.thetrevorproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Trevor-Project-Accepting-Adult-Research-Brief_June-2019.pdf. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  31. ↑ "Home". suicidepreventionlifeline.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-11-20.
  32. ↑ Golberstein, Ezra; Whitlock, Janis L.; Downs, Marilyn F. (August 2013). "Social contagion of mental health: Evidence from college roommates". Health Economics. 22 (8): 965–986. doi:10.1002/hec.2873. ISSN 1057-9230. PMC 4381550. PMID 23055446.
  33. ↑ "Teen suicide: What parents need to know – Mayo Clinic". www.mayoclinic.org. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  34. ↑ "A Comprehensive Approach to Suicide Awareness and Prevention". Edutopia (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-05-07.
  35. ↑ admin (2015-07-07). "Bullying and Suicide". Bullying Statistics (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-05-07.
  36. ↑ "Honor Beads". American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-05-07.
  37. ↑ "The Trevor Project — Saving Young LGBTQ Lives". The Trevor Project (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-11-20.
  38. ↑ "You Matter". youmatter.suicidepreventionlifeline.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-11-20.
  39. ↑ "StopBullying.gov". StopBullying.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-11-20.
  40. ↑ "Home – loveisrespect". Loveisrespect.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2019-11-20.
  41. ↑ WASSERMAN, DANUTA; CHENG, QI; JIANG, GUO-XIN (June 2005). "Global suicide rates among young people aged 15–19". World Psychiatry. 4 (2): 114–120. ISSN 1723-8617. PMC 1414751. PMID 16633527.

Haɗin waje

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
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