Mika'el na Wollo
 Mika'el na Wollo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Habasha, 1850 |
| ƙasa | Habasha |
| Mutuwa |
Holeta Genet (en)  , 8 Satumba 1918 |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Abokiyar zama |
Shoa Reggad Menelik (en) |
| Yara |
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| Ƴan uwa |
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| Karatu | |
| Harsuna |
Amharic (en) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | soja |
| Aikin soja | |
| Ya faɗaci |
First Italo-Ethiopian War (en) |
| Imani | |
| Addini |
Musulunci Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (en) |
Negus Mika'el na Wollo (an haife shi Mohammed Ali, 1850 - 8 Satumba 1918), Kwamandan sojoji ne kuma memba ne na manyan sarakuna na Daular Habasha . Shi ne mahaifin Sarkin sarakuna Lij Iyasu, kuma kakan Sarkin sarakunan Menen, matar Sarkin sarakun Haile Selassie. Ya canza sunansa zuwa Mikael bayan ya tuba zuwa Kiristanci. Ras Mikael yana da dangantaka mai karfi da Yohannes IV (wanda ya zama mahaifinsa) da Menelik II (wanda ya kasance surukinsa). Ras Mikael ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin Habasha. Sojojinsa na Wollo suna daya daga cikin mafi karfi a Arewacin Habasha, kuma sojan doki na Wollo sun shahara a duk fadin daular. Ras Michael ya yi yaƙi tare da Sarkin sarakuna Yohannes a Yaƙin Gallabat da Mahdist Sudanese . Mai aminci har zuwa ƙarshe, ya riƙe Yohannes mai mutuwa a hannunsa. Ras Mikael ya kuma jagoranci sojan doki na Wollo Oromo a lokacin Yaƙin Adwa tare da Menelik II, Ras Mekonnen, Ras Mengesha da Negus Tekle Haimanot.
Tarihin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Ras Mikael a Wollo, kuma a matsayin Musulmi, an kira shi Mohammed Ali . Mahaifinsa shi ne Imam Ali Abba Bula, ɗan ƙabilar Oromo daga daular Wallo mai ƙarfi. Mahaifiyarsa Woizero Jeti (ጄቲ) an ruwaito ta kasance mace mai daraja ta Kirista wacce ta fito ne daga zuriyar Oromo da Amhara. Halin Mohammed Ali ya haɗa da kakannin Oromo da Amharic da ke ba da shaida ga yawan kabilanci na Wollo.
Juyowa zuwa Kiristanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin sanannen "Council of Boru Meda", Sarkin sarakuna Yohannes ya tilasta wa Mohammed Ali da masarautar Musulmi na Wollo su tuba zuwa Kiristanci cikin watanni uku ko kuma su bar matsayinsu. "Bayan ya kammala cewa Wollo ya cancanci taro," Marcus ya yi iƙirarin, "Mohammad Ali ya jagoranci mutanensa zuwa Kiristanci. "An yi wa Ali baftisma da sunan "Mikael" kuma ya zama Ras (daidai da "Duke"). Duk da haka, yayin da wasu shugabannin Wollo suka tuba zuwa Kiristanci, yawancin Musulmai na Wollo sun ki tuba kuma sun yi tawaye. A cikin jagoran 'yan tawaye na lardin Ifat Talha Jafar ya jagoranci tawaye a 1879 wanda ya ci sojojin Mikael. A sakamakon haka, Atse Yohannes ya yi kamfen a ko'ina cikin Wollo, ya kashe dubban Musulmai na Wollo don karya juriyarsu. Musulmai da yawa daga Wollo sun tafi wuri mai tsarki a Metemma, Masarautar Jimma, da Masarautar Harar.
Baftisma da aure
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sarkin sarakuna Yohannes IV ya tsaya a matsayin mahaifinsa a lokacin baftismarsa. Ras Mikael na Wollo, kamar yadda aka sani yanzu, daga ƙarshe ya auri Shoaregga Menelik, 'yar Menelik, ta zama ta uku daga cikin matansa huɗu. Mikael ya kafa Dessie, garin farko a Wollo da sabon babban birninta. An yi iƙirarin cewa Ras Mikael ya zama Kirista na Orthodox na Habasha mai zurfi, kuma mai gina majami'u.
Yaƙin Adwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1896, a lokacin Yaƙin Italo-Ethiopian na farko, Ras Mikael ya yi yaƙi da Menelik kuma ya jagoranci sojan doki na Wollo da ake tsoro a kan Italiyanci masu mamayewa a Yaƙin Adwa . Wani brigade na Italiya ya fara janyewa zuwa manyan wuraren Italiya. Koyaya, brigade ba tare da saninsa ba ya shiga cikin wani ƙanƙanin kwari inda sojan Mikael suka kashe su yayin da suke ihu "Reap! Reap!". Ba a taɓa samun ragowar kwamandan brigade ba.
Yaƙin Segale
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan mutuwar Menelik a 1913, ɗan Mikael da jikan Sarkin sarakuna Menelik, Lij Iyasu . Bisa ga sha'awar Menelik, Ras Tessema Nadew ya zama Regent ga jikan Menelik mai shekaru 18. Koyaya, a wannan shekarar, Tessema Nadew ta mutu. Yayinda Iyasu ke yanzu da kansa, ba a taɓa yarda da shi ba. Mafi mahimmanci, ba a taɓa ɗora shi a matsayin Sarkin sarakuna ba. Koyaya, bisa ga umarnin Iyasu, an shafe mahaifinsa Mikael Negus ko sarkin Wollo da Tigray. Negus Mikael ya zama iko a bayan kursiyin.
A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, damuwa ta taso game da dangantakar Iyasu da manyan kasashe, game da yiwuwar goyon bayansa ga Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, da kuma yiwuwar juyowa zuwa Islama. Dangane da waɗannan damuwa, a ranar 27 ga Satumba 1916, majalisa ta manyan mutane da manyan malamai ta tsige Iyasu, kuma surukar Mikael, Woizero Zewditu, an kira ta Negiste Negus ("Sarauniyar Sarakuna") Zewditu I. Zewditu wata 'yar Menelik ce, kuma a daidai lokacin da aka sanya ta Empress, majalisa kuma ta yi shelar a matsayin Regent da Magada ga kursiyin, Mikha Mer Mer Mer Mererererer, Mer Mer Meraker Ne Ne Ne Nefather.
Amsar Negus Mikael game da tsige Iyasu ya kasance da sauri. A ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1916, Mikael ya tashi daga Wollo a kan shugabancin sojoji 80,000 don mamaye Shewa da sake dawo da ɗansa; Iyasu zai haɗu da shi a can tare da sojojin kansa. A ranar 27 ga Oktoba, Negus Mikael ya fuskanci babban rundunar sojojin da ke goyon bayan Zewditu a Yaƙin Segale . Mikael ya kai hari da farko, amma harsashi don bindigoginsa ya ƙare da wuri kuma an yi shiru da sauri. Sojojinsa da hare-haren sojan doki sun shiga kai tsaye cikin wuta mai kisan kai na abokin gaba da ke shirye don hare-harensa. Iyasu ya karkatar da shi a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa fagen fama kuma ya makara ya zo don taimakawa. Ya iya ganin cewa an ci mahaifinsa ne kawai, kuma ya tsere daga fagen yaƙi ya shiga ɓoye. An kama Mikael kuma an sanya shi a ƙarƙashin kulawar Fitawrari ("Commander of the Vanguard") Habte Giyorgis, wanda ya tsare shi a tsibirin Lake Chabo a Gurageland . Bayan shekaru biyu da rabi, Mikael ya samu nasarar yin kira ga Empress Zewditu da a cire shi daga tsibirin, kuma an tsare shi a gidan Holeta Genet a tsohon gidan marigayi Sarkin sarakuna Menelik II, inda ya mutu watanni shida bayan haka. A matsayinsa na kakan matar Yarima, Negus Mikael ya sami cikakken makoki daga kotun sarauta.
Mutuwa da binnewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Negus Mikael ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Satumba 1922. An ɗauke gawar daga Holeta (Menagesha) zuwa Tenta don binnewa. An binne sarki a Cocin Tenta St Mikael .
An sami mausoleum, tare da rufin da ya dace, a cikin ɗakin cocin kimanin mita 20 daga ginin cocin. An binne sarki, Negus Mikael, a cikin wannan kabarin. Tare da sarki, an binne 'yan uwa biyu a can: 'ya'yansa maza Gebrehiwot Mikael da Ali Mikael, tare da' yar'uwar Negus Mikael, Yetemegn Mere'ed .