Napoleon
Napoleone Bonaparte (an haife shi ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, 1769) a Ajaccio, Corsica, shine ɗa na biyu ga Carlo Buonaparte, lauyan zuri'ar Tuscan, da matar sa Letizia Ramolino, kyakkyawar mata wacce ta haifi yara goma sha uku. Baban Napoleon ya gano yana son shiga aikin soja, sai ya yanke shawarar kai shi makarantar sojoji .
Karatu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1779, aka kai Napoleon makarantar soji ta Brienne, wurin da ake koyar da yaran manyan iyalai aikin soja wanda sarkin ne ya ɗau nauyin makarantar a waccan lokacin. An karbe shi, kuma yaci gaba da zama a makarantar harna tsawon shekara biyar. A watan Satumba na 1784, yana ɗan shekara goma sha biyar, an shigar da shi makarantar sojoji a Paris. Bayan shekara guda an ƙara masa girma zuwa ƙaramin Laftanar. yayin da a wanana lokacin turai tana fuskantar rikice -rikicen siyasa.
Ayyuka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bayan juyin juya halin faransa yayin da masu kishin Corsican sukayi ta zubar da jini kuma suka kawo karshen tsohon tsarin mulki , Napoleon ma yana son bin ra'ayin sabon tsarin. Bayan kwace Bastille, Napoleon yayi ta yada sabon tsarin harma a tsibirin sa. Ya fada cikin rayuwar siyasa, ya gwabza da Pascal paoli (wanda ya ƙirƙiri sabon tsarin siyasar Corsica din kanta ). Ya samu kyaututtuka da dama wanda sanadiyyar haka tasa a cikin shekarar 1791 aka naɗa shi kwamandan battalion na Ajaccio National Guard. A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 1789, Majalisar Dokoki ta kasa ta ayyana Corsica a matsayin wani bangare na Faransa, inda ta kawo karshen mamayar sojojin da ta fara a 1769.
Kuma a lokacin ne faransa ta shiga cikin rikicin siyasa wanda ba'a taba ganin irin sa ba. Bayan faduwar Robespierre. Napoleon a shekara ta 1796, kafin aurensa da Josephine de Beauharnais, an sanya shi ya umurci sojoji a yaƙin neman zaɓen Italiya, lokacin da aka ƙara masa matsayi na mai dabarun yaki.
Tarihin yaƙi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A ranar 21 ga Janairu, guillotine ya kashe Louis XVI a cikin Place des Revolutions, kuma Napoleon Bonaparte ya karɓi matsayin kyaftin ajin farko, ya shiga cikin murkushe Girondins da tawayen gwamnatin tarayya a biranen Marseille, Lyon da Toulon. A lokacin yaƙin Toulon, matashin kyaftin ɗin yana amfani da ƙwararan dabaru don cimma nasarar hambarar da masarautar.
Kwamanda[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A ranar 2 ga Maris, 1796, an naɗa shi kwamandan sojojin Italiya kuma, ya kayar da Piedmontese da Austrian, ya yi sulhu tare da Yarjejeniyar Campoform (1797), ta haka ya aza harsashin ginin makomar masarautar italiya.
Juyin mulki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 1799, ya sauka a San Rafael bayan ya dawo daga gwagwarmayar da yayi kuma a cikin lokacin ne daga ranar 9 ga Nuwamba zuwa 10 ga Nuwamba (abin da ake kira watan 18 a kalandar juyin juya hali), bayan ya yi juyin mulki, ya kifar da tsohuwar gwamnati , ya sami nasara. Don haka ya zama mai cikakken iko. A ranar 24 ga Disamba, an bude cibiyar karamin ofishin jakadanci, wanda shine lokacin da aka nada mukamin a karan farko.
Shugaban ƙasa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ya zama Shugaban kasa, kuma an bawa Napoleon, ikon yin aiki, ya sake fasalin tsarin gwamnati da adalci a lokacin rikon sa. Ya sake kayar da haɗin gwiwar Austrian, ya sanya wa Burtaniya zaman lafiya kuma ya sanya hannu kan Concordat tare da Pius VII a cikin 1801, wanda ya sanya cocin Faransa a cikin hidimar gwamnati. Bayan haka, ya gano da kuma murƙushe makircin masarautar, a cikin 1804 an shelanta shi a matsayin sarkin Faransa a ƙarƙashin sunan Napoleon 1.
Masarauta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Don haka, an ƙirƙiri ainihin "masarautar" a kusa da shi tare da kotuna da mashahuran masarautu, yayin da tsarin da aka kafa ya ci gaba a ƙarƙashin sauye-sauye da sabuntawa: koyarwa, birni, tattalin arziki, fasaha, ƙirƙirar abin da ake kira "Napoleonic Code", wanda yana ba da tushen doka ga kamfani wanda ya fito bayan juyin juya hali. Amma ba da daɗewa ba Napoleon ya shiga wasu yaƙe -yaƙe.
Bayan ya kasa kaiwa Ingila hari a Yakin Trafalgar, ya sami nasarar kammala jerin kamfe akan Austro-Russian (Austerlitz, 1805), Prussians (Jena, 1806) kuma ya gina babbar daularsa bayan Yarjejeniyar Tilsit a 1807 .
A kowane lokaci ingila tana cigaba da zamowa Napoleon kaya , babban abin da ke kawo mata cikas ga mulkinta na Turai. Shine dangane da killace jiragen ruwa da London ta yi, Napoleon ya sanya shingen nahiya tsakanin 1806 zuwa 1808 don ware nahiyar dake da babban iko. Toshewar tana karfafa masana'antar Faransanci da aikin gona, amma yana karya tattalin arziƙin Turai kuma yana tilasta sarkin ya bi manufar ta faɗaɗa, sakamakon haka, daga Papal States zuwa Portugal da Spain, yana wucewa daga ikon sabon haɗin gwiwar Austria (Wagram 1809).
A cikin 1810, Napoleon ya auri Maria Louise ta Austria, wacce ta haifa masa ɗa, Napoleon II.
A cikin 1812, rundunar Napoleon ta mamaye Rasha.
Wanda wannan mamayar bata masa kyau ba domin ta jawo barna da zibar da jinin faransawa masu dinbin yawa, Napoleon da sojojin sa basuyi nasara ba wanda hakan tasa turai ma suka mamaye sojojin Paris a ranar 4 ga Maris, 1814. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, aka tilasta wa Napoleon yin watsi da son iyalan sa sannan, a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1814, aka sauke shi akan ikon sa na sarki Kuma Shugaban kasa.
Kora[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Aka kore shi akan kursiyin mulki (kujerar mulki) kuma shi kaɗai ba tare da iyalansa ko dan saba, an tilasta masa yin gudin hijira. Daga watan Mayun 1814 zuwa Maris 1815, a lokacin da aka tilasta masa zama a tsibirin Elba. Amma daga baya da Napoleon yaga Auatiachi da Prussians da British da Russia kansu ya rabu lokacin yakin. Sai ya yanke shawarar komawa.
Napoleon ya sami nasarar komawa Faransa a cikin Maris 1815, bisa goyan bayan masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Ya dada komawa kan sarauta a karo na biyu amma baiyi nisa ba domin kwana dari kawai yayi a kan mulki. Domin kunno kan bala'in yakin Waterloo Don haka tarihi ya dada maimaita kansa, kuma a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1815, Napoleon ya sake sauka akan mulki.
Yayin da ya koma hannin birtaniya kuma birtaniya ta daure shi a tsibiri mai nisa ,tsibirin Sant'Elena a matsayin kurkuku, inda, kafin mutuwarsa a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1821. yakan tuna da tsibirinsa na Corsica na asali tare da nostalgia. Yayi na damar yake yaken sa wanda tsirarin mutanen daya zauna dasu suka fada.
Mutuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A ranar 5 ga Mayu, 1821, wanda babu shakka shine babban janar kuma jagora Napoleon ya mutu shi kadai kuma anyi watsi dashi a Longwood. Akan Tsibirin Sant'Elen karkashin kulwar birtaniya.
KALMOMIN DA NAPOLEON BONAPARTE YAKE FADA
Don zama babban jagora yana buƙatar zama ɗalibin nasara, kuma hanya mafi kyau da na sani ita ce sanin tarihi da tarihin maza waɗanda suka sami nasara.
Don haka, gogewar su ta zama gwanina.
Rashin mutuwa shine tinanin ka ya kasance a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar mutane. Wannan ra'ayin yana jagorantar manyan Nasarori. Gara kada ku rayu akan rashin nuna alamun kasancewar ku.
Bai kamata ku saurari muryar zuciya ba idan tana iya cutar da mutane.
A siyasa, maganar banza ba aibu ba ce.
Wadanda ke tsoron kada a kayar da su za su iya tabbatar da nasara.
Maza sun haɗu ne kawai ta hanyoyi biyu: tsoro da sha'awa.
Daga daukaka zuwa abin dariya - mataki ɗaya kawai.
Mutane masu haske sune meteors waɗanda aka ƙaddara su ƙone don haskaka shekarunsu.
Jama'a, da son rai, suna ɗaukar fansa don karramawa ko kaskantawa ga sarakuna.